After the failure of the crusades, the crusading military orders became idealized and romanticized, resulting in the late medieval notion of chivalry, as reflected in the Arthurian romances of the time. D'Arcy Boulton (1987) classifies the chivalric orders of the 14th and 15th centuries into the following categories: This article is about historical Crusades . ... A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i. ... See also order of chivalry Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ... King Arthur is an important figure in the mythology of Britain. ...

1. Monarchical Orders, with the presidency attached to a monarch, such as the Order of the Garter and the Order of the Golden Fleece
2. Confraternal Orders:

   • Princely Orders, founded by princes; most of these were founded in imitation of the Golden Fleece, after 1430.
     1. Order of Saint George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325/6
     2. Order of Saint Catherine, founded by Humbert, Dauphin du Viennois in ca. 1335
     3. Order of St. Anthony, founded by Albrecht I of Bavaria in 1384
     4. Society of the Eagle, founded by Albrecht von Habsburg in 1433
     5. Society of Our Lady (also known as the Order of the Swan), founded by Friedrich II of Brandenburg in 1440
     6. Order of Saint Hubert, founded by Gerhard V of Jülich and Berg in 1444
     7. Order of the Crescent, founded by René d'Anjou in 1448
     8. Society of Staint Jerome, founded by Friedrich II of Wettin in 1450
   • Baronial Orders, like the Order of Saint Hubert (Barrois, (1422)) and the Noble Order of Saint George of Rougemont (Franche-Comté, 1440)

3. Fraternal Orders, formed ad-hoc for a certain enterprise

   1. the Compagnie of the Black Swan, founded by 3 princes and 11 knights in Savoy (1350)
   2. the Corps et Ordre du Tiercelet, founded by the vicomte de Thouars and 17 barons in Poitou (1377–1385)
   3. Ourdre de la Pomme d'Or, founded by 14 knights in Auvergne (1394)
   4. Alliance et Compagnie du Levrier, founded by 44 knights in the Barrois (1416–1422), subsequently converted into the Confraternal order of Saint Hubert (see above).

4. Votive Orders, temporarily formed on the basis of a vow; these were courtly chivalric games rather than actual pledges as in the case of the fraternal orders; three are known from their statutes

   1. Emprise de l'Escu vert à la Dame Blanche (Enterprise of the green shield with the white lady), founded by Jean le Maingre dit Boucicaut and 12 knights in 1399 for the duration of 5 years
   2. Emprise du Fer de Prisonnier (Enterprise of the Prisoner's Iron), founded by Jean de Bourbon and 16 knights in 1415 for the duration of 2 years
   3. Enterprise of the Dragon, founded by Jean comte de Foix for 1 year.

5. Cliental Pseudo-Orders, without statutes or restricted memberships, these were princes' retinues fashionably termed "orders"

   1. Ordre de la Cosse de Genêt (Order of the Broom-Pod), founded by Charles VI of France ca. 1388
   2. Order of the camail or Porcupine, created by Louis d'Orléans in 1394
   3. Order of the Dove, Castile, 1390
   4. Order of the Scale of Castile, ca. 1430
   5. Order of the Thistle of Scotland

6. Honorific Pseudo-Orders, without statutes, these were honorific insignia bestowed on knights on festive occasions, consisting of nothing but the badge

   1. Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, bestowed to knights who made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, since the 15th century.
   2. Knights of Saint Catherine of Mount-Sinai, similar to the above, bestowed from the 11th to the 15th century
   3. Order of the Golden Spur, a papal order
   4. Knights of the Bath, in England. (recreated in 1725)

A garter is one of the Orders most recognisable insignia. ... The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro in Spanish) is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Isabelle of Aviz. ... The Order of Saint George (Орден Святого Георгия in Russian, or Orden Svyatogo Georgiya) was introduced by Catherine the Great on November 26, 1769. ... Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291 - Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ... Events Muhammed Tughlaq succeeds his father Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi. ... Events Abu Said dies and the Ilkhan khanate ends Slavery abolished in Sweden Charles I of Hungary allies with Poland against the Hapsburgs and Bohemians Carinthia and Carniola come under Habsburg rule. ... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Deaths December 31 - John Wyclif, theologian Categories: 1384 ... Events Births June 23 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany Kettil Karlsson Vasa, later Regent of Sweden. ... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... Events March 1 - Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg proclaimed commander of the Albanian resistance April 16 - Truce of Tours. ... René dAnjou, René I of Naples (René I the Good, French Le bon roi René) (January 16, 1409–July 10, 1480), was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence (1434–1480), Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar (1430–1480), Duke of Lorraine (1431–1453), King of Naples (1438–1442; titular... Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Events March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen April 15 - Battle of Formigny. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Events August 31 - Henry VI becomes King of England. ... Capital Besançon Area 16,202 km² Regional President Raymond Forni (PS) (since 2004) Population   - 2004 estimate   - 1999 census   - Density (Ranked 20th) 1,133,000 1,117,059 70/km² (2004) Arrondissements 8 Cantons 116 Communes 1,786 Départements Doubs Haute-Saône Jura Territoire de Belfort Franche-Comt... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... Events Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire The Black Death ravages Europe (1347-1351) Births Manuel II Palaeologus, future Byzantine Emperor John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date). ... Thouars is a commune of France, situated in the département of Deux-Sèvres in the region of Poitou-Charentes. ... Poitou was a province of France whose capital city was Poitiers. ... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... History Auvergne was also historically a province of France, deriving its name from Averni, a Gallic tribe who once occupied the area. ... // Events Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, travels with King Richard II of England to Ireland. ... Events May 30 - The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic. ... Events August 31 - Henry VI becomes King of England. ... An oath (from Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. ... Events September 90 - Parksey peaked for the first time September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468... Events Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. ... Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... Events Beginning of prosecution of Lollards in England The Battle of Otterburn between England and Scotland Births September 29 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (d. ... // Events Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, travels with King Richard II of England to Ireland. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne Mortimer John Dunstable, English composer (d. ... // Events May 23 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The Ottoman Empire captures Thessalonica from the Venetians First use of optical methods in the creation of Art A map of Europe in 1430. ... The Catholic Order of the Holy Sepulchre has a foundation myth that connects it with Godfrey of Bouillon or even Charlemagne. ... Order of the Golden Militia; Order of the Golden Spur Papal order of knighthood conferred upon those who have rendered distinguished service in propagating the Catholic Faith, or who have contributed to the glory of the Church, either by feat of arms, writings, or other illustrious acts. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-04-11, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...

See also

• Knight

The silver Anglia knight, commisioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ...

External links

• History of Orders of Chivalry: a Survey

Literature

• Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre, The knights of the crown : the monarchical orders of knighthood in later medieval Europe, 1325-1520, Woodbridge, Suffolk : Boydell Press, 1987. Second revised edition (paperback): Woodbridge, Suffolk and Rochester, NY : Boydell Press, 2000.