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The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or "hair cells." made in inkscape File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Gray931. ...
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Inner ear The inner ear is the bony labyrinth, a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: the organ of hearing, or cochlea and the vestibular apparatus, the organ of balance that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule. ...
Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ...
Hair cells are the sensory cells of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. ...
Structure and function - See also: Stereocilia (inner ear)
The organ of Corti has highly specialized structures that respond to fluid-borne vibrations in the cochlea with a shearing vector in the hairs of some cochlear hair cells. It contains between 15,000-20,000 auditory nerve receptors. Each receptor has its own hair cell. The shear on the hairs opens ion channels, leading to neural, electrical signaling to the auditory cortex. The pinna and middle ear amplify sound levels, so that by the time these longitudinal waves reach the Organ of Corti, they are 20 times that of the levels impinging on the pinna. This amplification is partly responsible for the delicacy of the Organ of Corti with respect to excessive sound levels, and helps to understand noise induced health effects. Section through the spiral organ of Corti. ...
The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. ...
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help to establish and control the small voltage gradient that exists across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. ...
The primary auditory cortex the region of the brain which is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information. ...
The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. ...
Roadway noise is the main source of exposure Noise health effects, the collection of health consequences of elevated sound levels, constitute one of the most widespread public health threats in industrialized countries. ...
The discoverer: Alfonso Corti The organ was named after the Italian anatomist Marquis Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (1822-1876), who conducted microscopic research of the mammalian auditory system from 1849 to 1851 at the Koelliker laboratory in Würzburg, Germany. He developed new coloring techniques in microscopic anatomy, which enabled him to distinguish and describe individual components inside the highly complex cochlea that had previously been unidentified. In 1851 he was the first to describe the core sensory organ in the mammalian cochlea, the organ of Corti.
Hearing loss -
The most common kind of hearing impairment, sensorineural hearing loss, includes as one major cause the reduction of function in the organ of Corti. Specifically, the active amplification function of the outer hair cells is very sensitive to damage from exposure to trauma from overly-loud sounds or to certain "ototoxic" drugs. Once outer hair cells are damaged, they do not regenerate, and the result is a loss of sensitivity and an abnormally large growth of loudness (known as recruitment) in the part of the spectrum that the damaged cells serve.[1] A hearing impairment or hearing loss is a full or partial decrease in the ability to detect or understand sounds. ...
Sensorineural hearing loss is a type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII), the inner ear, or central processing centers of the brain. ...
Additional images Transverse section of the cochlear duct of a fetal cat. | Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea. Image File history File links Gray928. ...
| Floor of ductus cochlearis. | Limbus laminæ spiralis and membrana basilaris. |
Notes
References - Corti A (1851) Recherches sur l'organe de Corti de l'ouïe des mammifères. Z wiss Zool 3: 1-106.
External links | Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems | | | Outer ear | | | | Middle ear | | | | Inner ear/Labyrinth | Bony labyrinth ( Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth Oval window → Scala vestibuli / Reissner's/vestibular membrane, Helicotrema and Scala tympani / Basilar membrane (Perilymph) → Round window The human eye is the first element of a sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system. ...
The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing. ...
The vestibular system, or balance system, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception. ...
The outer ear is the external portion of the ear. ...
A left human ear. ...
On the pinna, a curved prominence of cartilage, parallel with and in front of the helix, is called the antihelix, also known as the anthelix; this divides above into two crura, between which is a triangular depression, the fossa triangularis. ...
In front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus, is a small pointed eminence, the tragus, so called from its being generally covered on its under surface with a tuft of hair, resembling a goat’s beard. ...
Opposite the tragus, and separated from it by the intertragic notch, is a small tubercle, the antitragus. ...
On the ear of humans and many other animals, the earlobe(lobulus auriculæ), sometimes simply lobe or lobule) is the soft lower part of the external ear, similar in composition to the labia, or pinna. ...
The ear canal (external auditory meatus, external acoustic meatus), is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. ...
The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. ...
The tympanic membrane, colloquially known as the eardrum, is a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. ...
The umbo is the most depressed part of the tympanic membrane. ...
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are the three smallest bones in the human body. ...
The malleus is hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. ...
This article refers to a bone in the mammalian ear. ...
The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which attaches the incus to the fenestra ovalis, the oval window which is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. ...
The stapedius is the smallest striated muscle in the human body. ...
The tensor tympani muscle arises from the auditory tube and inserts onto the handle of the malleus, damping down vibration in the ossicles and so reducing the amplitude of sounds. ...
The Eustachian tube (or auditory tube) is a tube that links the pharynx to the middle ear. ...
The base of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. ...
Inner ear The inner ear is the bony labyrinth, a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: the organ of hearing, or cochlea and the vestibular apparatus, the organ of balance that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule. ...
For more uses of the word labyrinth, see Labyrinth (disambiguation) The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system which provides the sense of balance. ...
The bony labyrinth (osseous labyrinth) consists of three parts: vestibule semicircular canals cochlea These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum; they contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated. ...
This is a page about the part of the ear. ...
The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth, and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller, and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph. ...
Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear. ...
Reissners membrane is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear, it separates scala media from scala vestbuli and together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with perilymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti inside the scala...
The helicotrema is the part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. ...
Scala tympani is the name of one of the perilymph filled cavities in the cochlear labyrinth. ...
Cross section of the cochlea. ...
Perilymph is a fluid located within the cochlea (part of the ear) in 2 of its 3 muscles; the scala typmani and scala vestibuli. ...
The round window is one of two membranes that separates the inner ear from the middle ear. ...
Cochlea: Modiolus • Cochlear duct / scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti), Olivocochlear system The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. ...
The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. ...
The cochlear duct (or scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissners membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. ...
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. ...
The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. ...
The periosteum, forming the outer wall of the ductus cochlearis, is greatly thickened and altered in character, and is called the spiral ligament. ...
Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis ( externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis | | | to brain (auditory) | | | | Vestibular system | | | | to brain (vestibular) | | | Section through the spiral organ of Corti. ...
The basilar crest gives attachment to the outer edge of the basilar membrane; immediately above the crest is a concavity, the sulcus spiralis externus. ...
On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus laminæ spiralis, this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. Histology at uc. ...
The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. ...
For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ...
Covering the sulcus spiralis internus and the spiral organ of Corti is the tectorial membrane, which is attached to the limbus laminae spiralis close to the inner edge of the vestibular membrane. ...
Hair cells are the sensory cells of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. ...
The spiral ganglion is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. ...
The Cochlear nerve (n. ...
The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. ...
The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ...
The trapezoid body is part of the acoustic pathway. ...
For the cerebellar structure, see Dentate nucleus. ...
The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. ...
The paired inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina. ...
The medial geniculate nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that acts as a relay for auditory information. ...
The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information. ...
The vestibular system, or balance system, is the sensory system that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception. ...
The utricle, larger than the saccule, is of an oblong form, compressed transversely, and occupies the upper and back part of the vestibule, lying in contact with the recessus ellipticus and the part below it. ...
The portion of the utricle which is lodged in the recess forms a sort of pouch or cul-de-sac, the floor and anterior wall of which are thickened, and form the macula of utricle, which receives the utricular filaments of the acoustic nerve. ...
Categories: Stub ...
The saccule is the smaller of the two vestibular sacs; it is globular in form, and lies in the recessus sphæricus near the opening of the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. ...
From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal...
From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the endolymphatic duct, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch (saccus endolymphaticus) on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone...
A kinocilium is a special structure connected to the hair cells of the inner ears cochlea. ...
An otolith, (oto-, ear + lithos, a stone), also called statoconium[1] or otoconium is a structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular labyrinth. ...
inner ear illustration showing semicircular canal, hair cells, ampulla, cupula, vestibular nerve, & fluid The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear that are the equivalent of three gyroscopes located in three planes perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
The posterior semicircular canal, vertical like the superior, is directed backward, nearly parallel to the posterior surface of the petrous bone; it is the longest of the three canals, measuring from 18 to 22 mm. ...
The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. ...
The cupula forms the apex of the cochlea. ...
The bony semicircular canals are three in number, superior, posterior, and lateral, and are situated above and behind the vestibule. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Brain (disambiguation). ...
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve is the other. ...
The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. ...
The nuclei of the vestibular nerve. ...
Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ...
The nuclei of the vestibular nerve. ...
The vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway. ...
The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus which projects to the postcentral gyrus and receives information from the medial lemniscus. ...
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