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An organ trio, in a jazz context, is group of three jazz musicians, typically consisting of a Hammond organ player, a drummer, and either a jazz guitarist or a saxophone player. Organ trios were a popular type of jazz ensemble for club and bar settings in the 1950s and 1960s, performing a blues-based style of jazz that incorporated elements of R&B. [1]The organ trio format was characterized by long improvised solos and an exploration of different musical "moods" [2] Jazz is a style of music which originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States at around the start of the 20th century. ...
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For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ...
Jazz guitar refers to the use of guitar in jazz music. ...
The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece like the clarinet. ...
The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ...
Rhythm and blues (aka R&B or RnB) is a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences — first performed by African American artists. ...
In organ trios, the Hammond organist plays several roles, including playing the basslines (either on the bass pedalboard or on the lower manual of the organ), playing chords (“comping”), and playing lead melodic lines and solos. In organ trios with a guitarist, the guitarist usually 'fills in' the musical parts that the organist is not performing. For example, if the organist is soloing and playing a bassline, the guitarist may play chords.
History
Pre-1950s While jazz musicians such as Fats Waller and Count Basie explored the use of organ in jazz ensembles in the 1920s and 1930s, it was not until the late 1940s that Hammond players such as Wild Bill Davis pioneered the organ trio format. Musicians such as Davis realized that the amplified Hammond B3 organ "...put the power of a full-sized big band in the hands of one musician”, with the rotating Leslie speaker-equipped amplified cabinet adding a room-filling, “king-sized sound.” [3] [4] Fats Waller (May 21, 1904 – December 15, 1943) was an African-American jazz pianist, organist, composer and comedic entertainer. ...
William Count Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. ...
Wild Bill Davis was the stage name of American jazz musician William Davis (b. ...
Leslie can refer to any of the following: The Leslie speaker system, named after its inventor, Donald Leslie Leslie, Fife, a small town in Scotland Places called Leslie in the United States of America: Leslie, Arkansas Leslie, Georgia Leslie, Michigan Leslie is a Scottish clan. ...
1950s-1960s In the 1950s and 1960s, the organ trio became a common musical ensemble in bars and taverns in the US, especially in downtown areas of major cities. Organ trios used the powerful amplified sound of the Hammond organ, and its ability to fill multiple musical roles (basslines, chords, and lead lines), to fill a bar or club with a volume of sound that would have previously required a much larger ensemble. While bar owners liked this money-saving aspect of the organ trio, the format also had a number of musical advantages. The organ trio was more intimate, smaller ensemble, which facilitated communication between musicians, and allowed more freedom for spontaneous changes of mood or tempo, and for "stretching out" on extended solos.
According to Tom Vicker, the "...most famous of the early [organ trio] grinders was Philadelphia's Bill Doggett, who recorded instrumentals for King Records in the early Fifties." The next organists to come along were Hank Marr, Dave "Baby" Cortez, Jimmy McGriff, and then the "bossest organ swinger yet, Jimmy Smith."[5] After Smith's death in 2005, Variety magazine writer Phil Gallo eulogized Smith as a man who "[s]ingle-handedly reinvented the Hammond B3 organ for jazz and created the model for the organ trio." [6] Bill Doggett (February 16, 1916 _ November 13, 1996) was an American jazz and rhythm and blues pianist and organist. ...
lots of issues | leave me a message 23:00, 2 September 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations | Hammond organ players ...
A young Jimmy Smith, on the 1958 album House Party Jimmy Smith, nicknamed The Incredible Jimmy Smith, (December 8, 1925 – February 8, 2005) was a jazz musician whose instrument was the Hammond B-3 electric organ. ...
During the 1960s, jazz guitarists such as Howard Roberts, Grant Green, Kenny Burrell, George Benson, and Wes Montgomery often performed in organ trios, and organ trio recordings often made the R&B and pop charts. Hammond organ players such as Jimmy Smith and Jack McDuff often performed and recorded in organ trios. The "...body of work by the leaders in the organ trio idiom in its heyday has been well-documented, owing to the fact during that era, based on record sales, the organ groups -- most significantly those led by Jimmy Smith -- represented perhaps the most popular genre of jazz."[7] Howard Roberts (1929 – 1992) was an influential jazz guitarist, educator and session musician. ...
Grant Green Grant Green (June 6, 1935, St. ...
Kenneth Earl Burrell (born July 31, 1931 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American jazz guitarist. ...
This is an article about George Benson, Jazz musician. ...
John Leslie Wes Montgomery was an African-American jazz guitarist. ...
A young Jimmy Smith, on the 1958 album House Party Jimmy Smith, nicknamed The Incredible Jimmy Smith, (December 8, 1925 – February 8, 2005) was a jazz musician whose instrument was the Hammond B-3 electric organ. ...
Brother Jack McDuff (September 17, 1926 - January 23, 2001) was a jazz organist and bandleader prominent during the soul jazz era of the 1960s. ...
In the late 1960s, as jazz musicians began to explore the new genre of jazz-rock fusion, organ trios led by organists such as Larry Young "... ventured into more remote territory, expanding the harmonic palette of the [organ trio] form." [8] Young pioneered a new approach to playing the Hammond B3. In contrast to Jimmy Smith's blues-influenced soul-jazz style, in which songs were structured over chord progressions, Young favored a modal approach to playing, in which songs were based on musical modes rather than chord progressions. Bitches Brew (1970) by Miles Davis is considered the most influential early fusion album. ...
There are different people named Larry Young: Larry Young, a jazz organist. ...
Modal jazz is jazz played using musical modes rather than chord progressions. ...
Guitarist Grant Green contributed significantly to the genre with his "jazz/funk/boogaloo" style of playing, collaborating frequently with organists Big John Patton, Jack McDuff, and Earl Neal Creque and drummer Idris Muhammad.
1970s-1980s In the 1970s, the 1960s-style organ trios based around a Hammond organ were eclipsed by the new trend of jazz-rock fusion, and small ensembles increasingly used electronic keyboards such as Moog and Juno synthesizers in place of the Hammond organ. Synthesizers allowed musicians to to make new electronic sounds that were not possible on the electromechanical Hammond organs. In the 1970s, some veteran Hammond players such as Charles Earland began using synthesizers to "update" their sound to the pop-disco styles of the 1970s. Look up fusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Moog is usually referring to one of the following two people: Robert Moog, a pioneer of electronic music, best known as the inventor of the Moog synthesizer. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is becoming very long. ...
There were a small number of well-known organ trios during the 1970s. John Abercrombie had a futuristic-sounding organ trio with Jan Hammer on Hammond and Moog bass, and Jack Dejohnette on drums. Tony Williams' fusion band Lifetime, which lasted from 1969 to 1975, was an organ trio with John McLaughlin on guitar and Larry Young on organ. Lifetime was a pioneering band of the fusion movement, combining rock, R&B, and jazz. John Abercrombie (born October 10, 1780 in Aberdeen; died November 14, 1844 in Edinburgh) was a Scottish physician and philosopher. ...
Jan Hammer on the cover of Berklee Today Magazine Jan Hammer (pronounced yaan hah-mur) (born 17 April 1948, in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a composer and musician. ...
Moog is usually referring to one of the following two people: Robert Moog, a pioneer of electronic music, best known as the inventor of the Moog synthesizer. ...
Tony Williams (December 12, 1945 – February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. ...
Several people are named John McLaughlin: John McLaughlin (musician), an English jazz fusion guitar player. ...
There are different people named Larry Young: Larry Young, a jazz organist. ...
1990s-2000s
"Traditional" organ trios In the 1990s and 2000s, there has been a revival of organ trios. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, before his death in 2005, Jimmy Smith had a comeback, recording albums and playing in clubs. Some groups, such as the organ trio led by the Jimmy Smith-mentored Hammond player Joey DeFrancesco, aimed to recapture the traditional sounds and blues-influenced jazz feel of the 1960s organ trios of Jimmy Smith and Jack McDuff. Joey DeFrancesco (b. ...
Other types of organ trios Organ trios such as Medeski, Martin and Wood (MMW) and Soulive mix jazz with a range of different styles such as 1970s soul jazz and Phish-influenced jam band grooves. MMW use a variation of the organ trio format, since the band includes Hammond organ, upright bass and drums. The New York organ trio Darediablo blends funk, progressive rock, fusion, and hard rock into a heavy, riff-laden sound. More rarely, some blues bands use the organ trio format, such as the UK band led by guitarist Matt Schofield (the Matt Schofield Trio's organist is Jonny Henderson). ...
Soulive is a jazz trio that originated in Woodstock, New York, and is known for its ripping solos and catchy, upbeat songs. ...
Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ. ...
This article is about a rock band; for deceptive e-mail practices, see Phishing. ...
The term jam band is commonly used to describe psychedelic rock-influenced bands whose concerts largely consist of bands reinterpreting their songs as springboards into extended improvisational pieces of music. ...
Darediablo is an instrumental rock trio from New York City. ...
The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ...
Matt Schofield is a UK blues guitarist and singer whose music blends blues with rock and funky jazz rhythms. ...
Other meanings
Organ trio as a musical style or tradition While the term "organ trio" is typically a reference to a type of small ensemble, the term "organ trio" is also used to refer to the musical styles, genres, and tradition of the 1950s/1960s era of organ trio playing. Although the components of the "organ trio tradition" are a subject of debate, the 1950s/1960s organ trio style tends to have more blues influences than other small-group jazz from this era, and it often blurs the lines between blues, R&B, and jazz. As well, organ trios tend to be focused on, or built around the sound of the organ.
The organ trio style has also been associated with soul jazz, a development of hard bop which incorporated strong influences from blues, gospel and rhythm and blues. However, unlike hard bop, soul jazz generally emphasized repetitive grooves and melodic hooks, and its improvisations were often less complex than in other jazz styles. Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ. ...
Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ...
The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ...
For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ...
Rhythm and blues (aka R&B or RnB) is a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences — first performed by African American artists. ...
Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ...
Philosophically, improvisation often focuses on bringing ones personal awareness into the moment, and on developing a profound understanding for the action one is doing. ...
Music critics discussing 1990s and 2000s-era organ trios often refer to how a modern-day group is positioned vis-à-vis the "organ trio tradition" of the 1950s and 1960s. For example, John Koenig's review of guitarist Rick Zunigar's organ trio recordings notes that Zunigar's "...conception of the organ trio gives us a present-day look at the genre, filtered through all of the tradition of the past, but also infused with other influences and trends that have their roots in the major jazz movements of the last 30 years." [9]
Variant forms of jazz organ trios More rarely, an organ trio might consist of a Hammond organist and two jazz guitarists, or a Hammond organist, a double bassist, and a drummer. For example, organist Shirley Scott had an organ trio that included a bass player and a drummer. Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ...
Shirley Scott (born March 14, 1934 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; died March 10, 2002) was a jazz and soul organist. ...
In some cases, a fourth musician will be added to a traditional organ trio, such as a saxophone player or vocalist. In this case, the group may be billed as "saxophone player and organ trio" or "singer and organ trio." For example, reviewer Dan McClenaghan, from All About Jazz, said that “...a fine organ trio [was] backing a talented saxophonist” in one of tenor saxophonist David Sills' recordings.[10] Describing these four-musician ensembles as a "trio plus one", instead of as a quartet, may appear to be a misnomer. The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece like the clarinet. ...
However, this approach can be justified because there are different musical styles and traditions associated with different types of jazz ensembles. As such, if a concert is billed as a jazz quartet (e.g. a saxophone and a rhythm section), the audience has expectations about the repertoire and musical styles than if a concert is billed as an organ trio with a saxophone. There are specific musical styles, genres, and traditions that are associated with the 1950s/1960s era of organ trio playing (see section above entitled Organ trio as a musical style or tradition for more details).
Other meanings
Baroque-era organ trios (for solo organ) J.S. Bach and other Baroque composers from the 1600s and early 1700s wrote many organ works called trio sonatas, often based on chorale prelude melodies. These organ trio sonata compositions are sometimes referred to as "organ trios." Bach’s organ trio sonatas are written for a single instrument-the baroque pipe organ. They are nonetheless called trio sonatas because they are written in three independent “voices” or melodic lines. For other people named Bach and other meanings of the word, see Bach (disambiguation). ...
Block quote For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...
The trio sonata is a musical form which was particularly popular around the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century. ...
In music, a chorale prelude is a short liturgical composition for organ using a chorale tune as its basis. ...
Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany // The pipe organ (Greek ὄÏγανον, órganon) is a musical instrument that produces sound by admitting pressurized air through a series of pipes. ...
To help the audience hear the three different melodic lines, Bach indicated that the trio sonatas should be performed on two separate manuals (organ keyboards), with the bass pedalboard supplying the third, lower part. To further help the audience to hear the different upper melodic lines, organists typically use different registrations for each manual by selecting different organ stops. [11] For example, an organist might give the upper melodic line a high-sounding oboe-type stop, and the lower melodic line a mellow “tibia” stop. In computer vision, sets of data acquired by sampling the same scene or object at different times, or from different perspectives, will be in different coordinate systems. ...
The choir division of the organ at St. ...
References - ^ John Koenig. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:R1Od3--mrFAJ:www.alvas.com/Zunigar/website/rick_zunigar.htm+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=233&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ John Koenig. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:R1Od3--mrFAJ:www.alvas.com/Zunigar/website/rick_zunigar.htm+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=233&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Tom Vickers. Organ Grinder Swing. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:D7tSoqTpASYJ:www.catalog-of-cool.com/organ.html+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=761&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Tom Vickers. Organ Grinder Swing. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:D7tSoqTpASYJ:www.catalog-of-cool.com/organ.html+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=761&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Tom Vickers. Organ Grinder Swing. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:D7tSoqTpASYJ:www.catalog-of-cool.com/organ.html+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=761&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:sxXgZ4iw2YkJ:www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/Courses/BraveNewsWorld/MUSIC/BNWSmith.html+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=644&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ John Koenig. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:R1Od3--mrFAJ:www.alvas.com/Zunigar/website/rick_zunigar.htm+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=233&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ John Koenig. Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:R1Od3--mrFAJ:www.alvas.com/Zunigar/website/rick_zunigar.htm+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=233&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:R1Od3--mrFAJ:www.alvas.com/Zunigar/website/rick_zunigar.htm+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=233&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Available at: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:BnmbTT-PQPcJ:www.origin-records.com/reviews/review.php%3FReviewID%3D222+%22organ+trio%22&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=262&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
- ^ Ruth Elaine Dykstra. Possible Orchestral Tendencies in Registering Johann Sebastian Bach’s Organ Music:An Historical Perspective. Available online at: dspace.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/1293/1/dykstrare516726.pdf
See also Jazz is a style of music which originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States at around the start of the 20th century. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Hammond organists who performed in organ trios Milt Buckner (1915-1977) was a jazz pianist originally from St. ...
John Patton (1935 - 2002) (sometimes nicknamed Big John Patton) was a soul jazz organ player. ...
Bill Doggett (February 16, 1916 _ November 13, 1996) was an American jazz and rhythm and blues pianist and organist. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Larry Goldings is a jazz organist born August 28, 1968 in Boston, Massachusetts. ...
Richard Arnold (Groove) Holmes (1931 – 1991) was an American jazz organist who performed in the soul jazz genre. ...
Les McCann (September 23, 1935, Lexington, KY) is jazzman who saw a great of success as a crossover artist. ...
Brother Jack McDuff (September 17, 1926 - January 23, 2001) was a jazz organist and bandleader prominent during the soul jazz era of the 1960s. ...
lots of issues | leave me a message 23:00, 2 September 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations | Hammond organ players ...
Melvin Rhyne (b. ...
Shirley Scott (born March 14, 1934 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; died March 10, 2002) was a jazz and soul organist. ...
Dr. Lonnie Smith was born in Lackawanna, New York, (just outside of Buffalo) His affinity for R&B melded with his own personal style, and he quickly became a local legend. ...
Johnny Hammond Smith (born John Robert Smith) was an American jazz organist born in Louisville, Kentucky on December 16, 1933 and who died on June 4, 1997. ...
A young Jimmy Smith, on the 1958 album House Party Jimmy Smith, nicknamed The Incredible Jimmy Smith, (December 8, 1925 – February 8, 2005) was a jazz musician whose instrument was the Hammond B-3 electric organ. ...
Roosevelt Baby Face Willette (born September 11, 1933 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is most known for his Hammond organ music. ...
There are different people named Larry Young: Larry Young, a jazz organist. ...
Jazz guitarists who performed in organ trios Howard Roberts (1929 – 1992) was an influential jazz guitarist, educator and session musician. ...
Grant Green Grant Green (June 6, 1935, St. ...
Kenneth Earl Burrell (born July 31, 1931 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American jazz guitarist. ...
This is an article about George Benson, Jazz musician. ...
Pat Martino (born Pat Azzara, August 25, 1944) is a jazz guitarist and composer. ...
John Leslie Wes Montgomery was an African-American jazz guitarist. ...
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