The Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in February 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). Right-wing terrorism, or neo-Fascist terrorism, seeks to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place. ... 1961 (As MAD Magazine pointed out on its first cover for the year) was the first upside-down year—i. ... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distinct state (or city, in ancient times). ...

The OAS was created in response to the referendums on self-determination for Algeria. There were uprisings in January 1960 by the colons and pieds noirs who again took to arms in April 1961 (the Generals' Putsch). Both these insurrections were swiftly suppressed and many of the leaders who had created the OAS were imprisoned. By terrorist acts and assassinations (Mouloud Feraoun) they, like the Front de libération nationale (FLN), attempted to alter the events of the Algerian War. Both groups were considered terrorist organizations trying to encourage change. 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Pied-noir is a term for the former French colonists of North Africa, especially Algeria. ... The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists, or the colons as they were called, in Algeria and the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) and other pro-independence Algerians. ... Terrorism is a controversial term with multiple definitions. ... The National Liberation Front ( French: Front de libération nationale, Arabic: Jabhah al-Taḩrīr al-Waţanī) is a socialist political party in Algeria. ...

The OAS attempted to assassinate president Charles de Gaulle several times. The most prominent attempt was a 1962 ambush at Petit-Clamart, a Paris suburb, planned by military engineer Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (November 22, 1890 – November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Clamart is a city and commune in France, in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry (October 19, 1927 – March 11, 1963) was a French air military engineer, and the ringleader of an attempt to assassinate President of France Charles de Gaulle. ...

The main hope of the OAS was to provoke the FLN into restarting military action after a cease-fire was agreed in the Evian Accords of March and the referendum of June 1962; over 100 bombs a day were detonated by the OAS in March. Despite the carnage the FLN remained resolute and on June 17, 1962 the OAS agreed to the ceasefire. In April 1962 its leader, Raoul Salan was captured. The group was effectively eliminated by 1963. However the group was granted an amnesty for its actions and few members were properly tried or significantly imprisoned, though some, including ringleader Bastien-Thiry, were executed by firing squad.-1... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... clarified and proofread. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Execution by firing squad is a method of capital punishment, especially in times of war. ...

An assassin hired by the OAS is the principal character in Frederick Forsyth's (fictional) novel, The Day of the Jackal. Frederick Forsyth (born August 25, 1938) is a British author and occasional political commentator. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth about a professional assassin who, contracted by the Organisation de lArmée Secrète, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, attempts to kill Charles de Gaulle. ...