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Encyclopedia > Organisation of African Unity
"OUA" redirects here. For the Ontario University Athletics governing body, see Ontario University Athletics.

The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) or Organisation de l'Unité Africaine (OUA) was established on 25 May 1963. It was disbanded on 9 July 2002 by its last chairperson, South African Thabo Mbeki, and replaced by the African Union. Ontario University Athletics is the governing body of Ontario universities who compete in the a variety of varsity sports. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... The AU Chairman is chosen by the Assembly, which consists of the heads of state of member countries, to serve a 1-year term. ... Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born June 18, 1942) is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29...


Its intended purpose was to promote the unity and solidarity of the African States and act as a collective voice for the continent. This was important to secure Africa's long-term economic and political future. Years of colonialism had weakened it in both respects. A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...


The OAU was also dedicated to the eradication of colonialism, as there were still a number of states that had not yet won their independence or were minority ruled. South Africa and Angola were two such countries. A Liberation Committee was established to aid independence movements and look after the interests of already-liberated states. The OAU also aimed to stay neutral in terms of global politics, which would prevent them from being controlled once more by outside forces – an especial danger with the Cold War. It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...


The OAU had other aims, too:

  • Ensure that all Africans enjoyed human rights.
  • Raise the living standards of all Africans.
  • Settle arguments and disputes between members – not through fighting but rather peaceful, diplomatic negotiation.

Soon after achieving independence, a number of African states expressed a growing desire for more unity within the continent. Not everyone was agreed on how this unity should be achieved. Two opinionated groups emerged in this respect:

  • The Casablanca bloc, led by Nkrumah of Ghana, wanted a federation of all African countries. Aside from Ghana, it comprised also Algeria, Guinea, Morocco, Egypt, Mali and Libya.
  • The Monrovian bloc, led by Senghor of Senegal, felt that unity should be achieved gradually, through economic cooperation. It did not support the idea of a political federation. Its other members were Nigeria, Liberia, Ethiopia and most of the French-speaking nations.

The dispute was resolved when Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie I invited both groups to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where the OAU's headquarters were established. The Charter of the Organisation was signed by 32 independent African states, among them members of the Casablanca Group, founded in 1961 and composed of "progressive states". At the time of its disbanding, 53 out of the 54 states in Africa were members; Morocco left on 12 November 1984 following the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as the government of Western Sahara in 1982. The Casablanca Group was an organization of progressive states founded in 1961. ... Kwame Nkrumah (September 21, 1909 - April 27, 1972) was a Ghanaian politician and one of the most influential founders of Pan-Africanism. ... Léopold Sédar Senghor (October 9, 1906 – December 20, 2001) was a Senegalese poet and politician who served as the first president of Senegal (1960–1980). ... Haile Selassie Haile Selassie (Power of Trinity) (July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975) was the last Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is a religious symbol in the Rastafarian movement. ... For the long-distance runner, see Addis Abebe. ... The Casablanca Group was an organization of progressive states founded in 1961. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...


The organisation was widely derided as a bureaucratic "talking shop" with little power. It struggled to enforce its decisions, and its lack of armed forces made intervention exceedingly difficult. Civil wars in Nigeria and Angola continued unabated for years.


The policy of non-interference in the affairs of member states also limited the effectiveness of the OAU. Thus, when human rights were violated, as in Uganda under Idi Amin in the 1970s, the OAU was powerless to stop them. Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]–16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ...


The OAU was praised by Ghanaian former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan for bringing Africans together. Nevertheless, in its 39 years of existence critics argue that the OAU did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it as a "Dictators' Club"[1] or "Dictator's Trade Union"[2]. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007, serving two five-year terms. ...


The OAU was however successful in some respects. Many of its members were members of the UN, too, and they stood together within the latter organisation to safeguard African interests – especially in respect of lingering colonialism.


Total unity was difficult to achieve, however, as the OAU was largely divided. The former French colonies, still dependent on France, formed their own group, and there was a further split between those groups which supported the USA and those which supported the USSR in the Cold War of ideologies. The pro-Socialist faction was led by Kwame Nkrumah; Félix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast led the pro-capitalists. Because of these divisions, it was difficult for the OAU to take action against states involved in internal conflict because it could rarely reach an agreement on what was to be done. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Félix Houphouët-Boigny (fālÄ“ks´ oofwā´-bwä´nye) (October 18, 1905 - December 7, 1993) was the first President of Côte dIvoire (1960 - 1993) and was previously appointed minister in the government of France several times between 1957 and 1961. ...


The OAU played did however play a pivotal role in eradicating colonialism and minority rule in Africa. It gave weapons, training and military bases to colonised nations. Groups such as the ANC and PAC, fighting apartheid, and ZANU and ZAPU, fighting for the independence of Rhodesia, were aided in their endeavours by the OAU. African harbours were closed to the South African government, and South African planes were prohibited from flying over the rest of the continent. The UN was convinced to expel South Africa from bodies such as the World Health Organisation.


The OAU also worked with the UN to ease refugee problems. It set up the African Development Bank for economic projects intended to make Africa financially stronger. Although all African countries eventually won their independence, it was still difficult for them to become totally independent from their former colonisers. There was often continued reliance on the former colonial powers for economic aid, which sometimes came attached with strings: loans had to be paid back at a high interest rate, and goods had to be sold at low rates. The USA and USSR also intervened in post-colonial Africa in pursuit of their own objectives. Help was sometimes provided in the form of technology and aid-workers. While useful, such external assistance was often perceived as not necessarily being in the best interests of the former colonies.


Autonomous specialised agencies working under the auspices of the OAU were:

  • Pan-African Telecommunications Union (PATU)
  • Pan-African Postal Union (PAPU)
  • Pan-African News Agency (PANA)
  • Union of African National Television and Radio Organisations (URTNA)
  • Union of African Railways (UAR)
  • Organisation of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU)
  • Supreme Council for Sports in Africa

Contents

The African Union of Railways in an organisation under the auspices of the new African Union dealing with railways. ...

List of Secretaries-general of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and African Union (AU) Chairs of the Commission

Secretaries-general of the OAU
Name Beginning of Term End of Term Country
Kifle Wodajo (acting) 25 May 1963 21 July 1964 Ethiopia
Diallo Telli 21 July 1964 15 June 1972 Guinea
Nzo Ekangaki 15 June 1972 16 June 1974 Cameroon
William Eteki 16 June 1974 21 July 1978 Cameroon
Edem Kodjo 21 July 1978 12 June 1983 Togo
Peter Onu (acting) 12 June 1983 20 July 1985 Nigeria
Ide Oumarou 20 July 1985 19 September 1989 Niger
Salim Ahmed Salim 19 September 1989 17 September 2001 Tanzania
Amara Essy 17 September 2001 9 July 2002 Côte d'Ivoire
AU Chairs of the Commission
Amara Essy (interim) 9 July 2002 16 September 2003 Côte d'Ivoire
Alpha Oumar Konaré 16 September 2003 Present Mali

is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Diallo Telli (or Boubacar Telli Diallo) (1925 - 1977) was a Guinean diplomat and political figure. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nzo Ekangaki (1934-June 3, 2005) was a Cameroonian political figure. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... William Eteki Mboumouna served as the Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity from 1974 to 1978. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Edouard Kodjovi Kodjo, better known as Edem Kodjo, (born May 23, 1938) is a Togolese politician and diplomat. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Ide Oumarou (born 1937) was a Nigerien diplomat. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim, born on January 23, 1942 on the island of Zanzibar in Tanzania. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Amara Essy (born December 20, 1944) is a diplomat from Côte dIvoire (Ivory Coast). ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Amara Essy (born December 20, 1944) is a diplomat from Côte dIvoire (Ivory Coast). ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alpha Oumar Konaré (born 2 February 1946) was the president of Mali for two five-year terms (1992 to 2002), and has been Chairman of the African Commission since 2003. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

List of Chairs of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) & African Union (AU)

Organisation of African Unity
Name Beginning of Term End of Term Country
Haile Selassie 25 May 1963 17 July 1964 Ethiopia
Gamal Abdel Nasser 17 July 1964 21 October 1965 Egypt
Kwame Nkrumah 21 October 1965 24 February 1966 Ghana
Joseph Arthur Ankrah 24 February 1966 5 November 1966 Ghana
Haile Selassie 5 November 1966 11 September 1967 Ethiopia
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu 11 September 1967 13 September 1968 Congo (Kinshasa)
Houari Boumedienne 13 September 1968 6 September 1969 Algeria
Ahmadou Ahidjo 6 September 1969 1 September 1970 Cameroon
Kenneth Kaunda 1 September 1970 21 June 1971 Zambia
Moktar Ould Daddah 21 June 1971 12 June 1972 Mauritania
Hassan II 12 June 1972 27 May 1973 Morocco
Yakubu Gowon 27 May 1973 12 June 1974 Nigeria
Muhammad Siad Barre 12 June 1974 28 July 1975 Somalia
Idi Amin 28 July 1975 2 July 1976 Uganda
Seewoosagur Ramgoolam 2 July 1976 2 July 1977 Mauritius
Omar Bongo 2 July 1977 18 July 1978 Gabon
Gaafar Nimeiry 18 July 1978 12 July 1979 Sudan
William R. Tolbert, Jr. 12 July 1979 12 April 1980 Liberia
Léopold Sédar Senghor (acting) 28 April 1980 1 July 1980 Senegal
Siaka Stevens 1 July 1980 24 June 1981 Sierra Leone
Daniel arap Moi 24 June 1981 6 June 1983 Kenya
Mengistu Haile Mariam 6 June 1983 12 November 1984 Ethiopia
Julius Nyerere 12 November 1984 18 July 1985 Tanzania
Abdou Diouf 18 July 1985 28 July 1986 Senegal
Denis Sassou-Nguesso 28 July 1986 27 July 1987 Congo (Brazzaville)
Kenneth Kaunda 27 July 1987 25 May 1988 Zambia
Moussa Traoré 25 May 1988 24 July 1989 Mali
Hosni Mubarak 24 July 1989 9 July 1990 Egypt
Yoweri Museveni 9 July 1990 3 June 1991 Uganda
Ibrahim Babangida 3 June 1991 29 June 1992 Nigeria
Abdou Diouf 29 June 1992 28 June 1993 Senegal
Hosni Mubarak 28 June 1993 13 June 1994 Egypt
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 13 June 1994 26 June 1995 Tunisia
Meles Zenawi 26 June 1995 8 July 1996 Ethiopia
Paul Biya 8 July 1996 2 June 1997 Cameroon
Robert Mugabe 2 June 1997 8 June 1998 Zimbabwe
Blaise Compaoré 8 June 1998 12 July 1999 Burkina Faso
Abdelaziz Bouteflika 12 July 1999 10 July 2000 Algeria
Gnassingbé Eyadéma 10 July 2000 9 July 2001 Togo
Frederick Chiluba 9 July 2001 2 January 2002 Zambia
Levy Mwanawasa 2 January 2002 9 July 2002 Zambia
African Union
Name Beginning of Term End of Term Country
Thabo Mbeki 9 July 2002 10 July 2003 South Africa
Joaquim Chissano 10 July 2003 6 July 2004 Mozambique
Olusegun Obasanjo 6 July 2004 24 January 2006 Nigeria
Denis Sassou-Nguesso 24 January 2006 24 January 2007 Congo
John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor 30 January 2007 Present Ghana

Haile Selassie Haile Selassie (Power of Trinity) (July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975) was the last Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is a religious symbol in the Rastafarian movement. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: - ; Masri: جمال عبد الناصر - also transliterated as Jamal Abd al-Naser, Jamal Abd an-Nasser and other variants; January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the President of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Joseph Arthur Ankrah (born 1915) was a Ghanaian general and political figure. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Haile Selassie Haile Selassie (Power of Trinity) (July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975) was the last Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is a religious symbol in the Rastafarian movement. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Mobutu Sésé Seko in the 1960s. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Houari Boumédiènne (original name Mohamed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) (August 23, 1932 - December 27, 1978) was President of Algeria from 19 June 1965 to 27 December 1978 (Chairman of the Revolutionary Council until 12 December 1976). ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (24 August 1924 - 30 November 1989) was the president of Cameroon from 1960 until 1982. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Moktar Ould Daddah Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داده; December 25, 1924 - October 14, 2003) was the President of Mauritania from 1960, when his country gained its independence from France, to 1978, when he was deposed in a military coup detat. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hassan II (July 9, 1929-July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 to his death. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... General Yakubu Jack Dan-Yumma Gowon (born October 19, 1934) was the head of state (Head of the Federal Military Government) of Nigeria from 1966 to 1975. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Bare) (1919/1921? - January 2, 1995) was the self-proclaimed socialist president of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Idi Amin Dada (mid-1920s[1]–16 August 2003) was an army officer and president of Uganda. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (शिवसागर रामगुलाम), LRCP, MRCS (1900–1985) was the Prime Minister of Mauritius from 1961 until 1982. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo on 30 December 1935) became President of Gabon in 1967. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Gafar Muhammad an-Numayri; born 1 January 1930) (Arabic: جعفر محمد النميري) was the President of Sudan from 1971 to 1985. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... William Richard Tolbert, Jr. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Léopold Sédar Senghor (October 9, 1906 – December 20, 2001) was a Senegalese poet and politician who served as the first president of Senegal (1960–1980). ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Siaka Probyn Stevens (August 24, 1905–May 29, 1988) was the President of Sierra Leone from 1971 to 1985. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (born September 2, 1924) was the President of Kenya from 1978 until 2002. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Mengistu Haile Mariam (IPA: //) (born 1937[3][4]) was the most prominent officer of the Derg, the military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987, and the president of the Peoples Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Julius Kambarage Nyerere (April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania, and previously Tanganyika, from the countrys founding in 1964 until his retirement in 1985. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Abdou Diouf (Wolof: ) (born September 7, 1935) was the second president of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Time in Office 18 March 1977 – 3 April 1977 (part of the Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party); 8 February 1979 – 3 August 1992 (first time); 25 October 1997 – Predecessor Marien Ngouabi (as a part of the Military Committee of the CLP); Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya (first time... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Moussa Traoré (born 25 September 1936) is a Malian soldier and politician. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك Muḥammad ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارك ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), has been the President of Egypt since 14 October 1981. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (born c. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (born August 17, 1941), popularly known as IBB, was the military ruler of Nigeria from August 1985 until his departure from office under heavy popular pressure in 1993, after his annulment of elections held that year which were widely held to have been the freest and... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Abdou Diouf (Wolof: ) (born September 7, 1935) was the second president of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك Muḥammad ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارك ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), has been the President of Egypt since 14 October 1981. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... General Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (زين العابدين بن علي; born in Hammam-Sousse on September 3, 1936) is the President of the Tunisian Republic since 7 November 1987 and only the second one since its independence from France on 20 March 1956. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Meles Zenawi (Geez መለስ ዜናዊ meles zÄ“nāwÄ«, b. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... President Paul Biya of Cameroon with U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, New York, 16 September 2002 Paul Biya (born 13 February 1933) has been the President of Cameroon since 1982. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Mugabe redirects here. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Blaise Compaoré (born February 3, 1951) has been the president of Burkina Faso since 1987. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Abdelaziz Bouteflika (IPA: ) (Arabic: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة) (born March 2, 1937 in Oujda, Morocco) has been the President of Algeria since 1999. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Gnassingbé Eyadéma - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (born April 30, 1943) served as the President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002, when Zambians elected former Vice President Levy Mwanawasa as his successor. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born June 18, 1942) is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Joaquim Chissano Joaquim Alberto Chissano (born 22 October 1939) served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... General (rtd. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born in Kumasi December 8, 1938) is the current president of Ghana, since January 7, 2001. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

OAU Summits

It includes ordinary and extraordinary summits.

For the long-distance runner, see Addis Abebe. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Accra, population 1,970,400 (2005), is the capital of Ghana. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville or, before 1960, also Leopoldstad) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Mausoleum of Mohammed V through mosque ruins NASA image of Rabat Rabat (Arabic الرباط, transliterated ar-Rabāṭ or ar-Ribāṭ), population 1. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 28 is the