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Organizational Ecology (also Organizational Demography and the Population Ecology of Organizations) is a theoretical and practical approach in the social sciences that is especially used in organizational studies. Organizational Ecology uses a biological analogy and statistical analysis to try and understand the conditions under which organizations emerge, grow, and die. The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
Organizational Studies (also known as Organizational Behavior) is a distinct field of academic study which takes as its subject organizations, examining them using the methods of economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, and psychology. ...
Introduction to Organizational Ecology First fully developed by Michael Hannan an John Freeman in 1989 in their book Organizational Ecology, organizational ecology examines an environment in which organizations compete and a process like natural selection occurs. This theory looks at the death of firms (firm mortality) and the founding of new firms (firm founding), as well as organizational growth. John Freeman may be one of several people: John Freeman (Georgian poet) was a British poet who lived from 1880 to 1929 John Freeman (politician) was a British Labour Party politician John Freeman (modernist poet) is a British poet and critic John Freeman (VC) was a recipient of the Victoria...
1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Organizational Ecology (also Organizational Demography and the Population Ecology of Organizations) is a theoretical and practical approach in the social sciences that is especially used in organizational studies. ...
Natural selection is the process in which individual organisms that possess favourable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. ...
The theory holds that organizations that are reliable and accountable are those that survive (favored by selection). A negative by-product, however, of the need for reliability and accountability is a high degree of inertia and a resistance to change. A key prediction of Organizational Ecology is that the process of change itself is so disruptive that it will result in an elevated rate of mortality.
Organizational Ecology also predicts that the rates of founding and the rates of mortality are dependent on the number of organizations in the market. The two central mechanisms here are legitimation (the recognition of that group of organizations) and competition. Legitimation generally increases (at a decreasing rate) with the number of organizations, but so does competition (at an increasing rate). The result is that competitive processes will prevail at high numbers of organizations, while legitimation at low numbers. The founding rate will therefore first increase with the number of organizations (due to an increase in legitimation) but will decrease at high numbers of organizations (due to competition). The reverse holds for mortality rates. The exact way in which these rates are dependent on the number of organizations in the market also depends on the 'carrying capacity' of a particular market niche. There are several things called niche, a word English has borrowed from French: Generally, a niche is a special place within the scheme of things. ...
Other lines of research investigate how the rate of mortality depends on organizational age, size, competitive conditions at founding, and the position in the market niche. There are several things called niche, a word English has borrowed from French: Generally, a niche is a special place within the scheme of things. ...
Organizational Ecology has over the years become one of the central fields in organizational studies, and is known for its empirical, quantitative character. Ecological studies usually have a large-scale, longitudinal focus (datasets often span several decades, sometimes even centuries). The book The Demography of Corporations and Industries by Glenn Carroll and Michael Hannan (2000) currently provides the most comprehensive overview of the various theories and methods in Organizational Ecology. Organizational Studies (also known as Organizational Behavior) is a distinct field of academic study which takes as its subject organizations, examining them using the methods of economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, and psychology. ...
Demography is the study of human population dynamics. ...
This article is about the year 2000. ...
Prominent organizational ecology theorists currently active include Michael Hannan, John Freeman, Glenn Carroll, William Barnett and Terry Amburgey. John Freeman may be one of several people: John Freeman (Georgian poet) was a British poet who lived from 1880 to 1929 John Freeman (politician) was a British Labour Party politician John Freeman (modernist poet) is a British poet and critic John Freeman (VC) was a recipient of the Victoria...
William Barnett may be: William Barnett (engineer) A British engineer. ...
References Carroll, G. R. and M. T. Hannan (2000), The Demography of Corporations and Industries, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hannan, M. T. and J. H. Freeman (1989), Organizational Ecology, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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