Coffee beans were first exported from Ethiopia to Yemen. The Arabs called it "qahwe" (wine) and the Turks called it kahve. The word entered Italian as caffè subsequently translating to English as Coffee in 1598. The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Wine is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of the juice of fruits, usually grapes. ... Caffè is the Italian word for coffee and may indicate either the Italian way of preparing this beverage at home or espresso, which is prepared instead with electrical steam machines. ... A cup of coffee Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. ... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ...

Origins of Coffee:

PalestinianCoffeehouse,Palestine

According to the International Coffee Organization [1], an Ethiopian goatherd was amazed at the lively behavior of his goats after chewing red coffee berries. It is almost certain that slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia used to chew on the succulent outer cherry flesh, thus by accident their masters found out it's potency. Coffee began trade through the great port of its day, Mocha, now synonymous with coffee. Street Cafe, Jerusalem, steel engraving after a drawing by Henry Fenn, in Picturesque Palestine ca 1875 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Street Cafe, Jerusalem, steel engraving after a drawing by Henry Fenn, in Picturesque Palestine ca 1875 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Coffeehouse in Damascus // A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or cafe (also spelled as café from the French, Spanish, and Portuguese or caffè from the Italian) shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... A mocha, in beverage form. ...

Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking as it was considered preferable to the extreme side effects of Khat, a shrub whose buds and leaves were chewed as a stimulant. The first coffeehouses were opened in Mocha and were called 'kaveh kanes'. They quickly spread throughout the Arab world and became successful places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged, and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. They were luxuriously decorated and each had an individual character. Nothing quite like the coffeehouse had existed before: a place where society and business could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where anyone could go, for the price of coffee. Binomial name Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ... A mocha, in beverage form. ...

The Arabian coffeehouses soon became centers of political activity and were suppressed. For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Coffeehouse in Damascus // A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or cafe (also spelled as café from the French, Spanish, and Portuguese or caffè from the Italian) shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ...

On pilgrimage to Mecca, through the seaport of Mocha, in the middle 1600s, a revered holy man from India named Baba Budan, discovered for him the wonders of coffee. In his zeal to share what he had found with his fellows at home, he smuggled seven coffee beans out of Arabia, wrapped around his belly. On his return home, he planted the beans in the hills of Mysore, India, and nurtured the young coffee bushes that resulted. Coffee flourished in the hills of India – Chikmagalgur hills now named after Baba Budan. Mecca IPA: or Makkah IPA: (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah IPA: ; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hejaz region. ... A mocha, in beverage form. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Baba Budan (Hindi: बाबा बुडन, Urdu: بابا بُڈن) was a 17th century Sufi, revered by both Muslims and Hindus, whose shrine is at Baba Budangiri, India. ... Mysore or Mysooru(Officially renamed Mysooru)   (Kannada: ಮೈಸೂರು) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Karnataka. ...

Entrance to Europe:

Painting of Mocha in 1692

Mocha was also the main port for the one sea route to Mecca to Europe, Coffee though traded with Europeans, the Arabs had a strict policy not to export any fertile beans, so that coffee could not be cultivated anywhere else. The coffee bean is the seed of the coffee tree, but when stripped of its outer layers it becomes infertile. Image File history File links Mocha1692. ... Image File history File links Mocha1692. ... A mocha, in beverage form. ... Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 The Port of Wellington at night. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah IPA: (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah IPA: ; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hejaz region. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ... Look up policy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fertile may be used in the following conrtext: Fertility, a term used to describe the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring. ... Coffee beans and a cup of coffee Coffee as a drink, usually served hot, is prepared from the roasted seeds (beans) of the coffee plant. ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance. ...

Coffee was first imported to Europe through the Italian city of Venice. The flourishing trade between Venetians and Arabs brought a large variety of commodities and goods, including coffee. Venetian merchants introduced coffee to the wealthy charging them heavily. Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia) is the capital of the region of Veneto and the province of the same name in Italy. ... The word commodity has a different meaning in business than in Marxian political economy. ... Venetian could mean of Venice of the venetia territory of the Republic of Venice of the venet nation the Venetian language The Venetian, a hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada A venetian blind - a horizontally slatted window blind. ... Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ...

Although the Venetians considered it a sinful drink from the heathens (Arabs) its popularity grew nevertheless. It just so happened that Pope Clement VIII was facing the rising tide of Islamic power. He was advised that coffee, coming as it did from the East, was a threat to Christianity. The Pope wisely tried a pot first. Far from agreeing to conspiracy theories and "coffee plots," he blessed the drink and made it a Christian beverage. Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Gondola. ... ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 – March 3, 1605 in Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Look up Conspiracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Conspiracy, as a legal term, is an agreement of two or more people either to commit a crime or to achieve a lawful end by unlawful means: see conspiracy (crime), and conspiracy (civil). ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids, see Drinking. ...

Dutch Coffee:

The race to make off with some live coffee trees or beans was eventually won by the Dutch in 1616, who brought some back from Malabar to Holland where they were grown in greenhouses. The Dutch began growing coffee at their forts in Malabar, India, and in 1699 took some to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. == {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1613 1614 1615 - 1616 - 1617 1618 1619 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s |- tall> 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |} randomised 1616 was a leap year starting on Friday... Bekal Fort Beach, Kerala Malabar (Malayalam: മലബാര്‍ ) is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, and comprising the northern half of the state of Kerala. ... Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Bekal Fort Beach, Kerala Malabar (Malayalam: മലബാര്‍ ) is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, and comprising the northern half of the state of Kerala. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... Look up Batavia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...

Within a few years the Dutch colonies (Java in Asia, Surinam in Americas) had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe. Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...

Austrian Coffee:

Coffee came to Vienna in 1683, when the besieging Turkish army was routed and sacks of coffee discovered in its abandoned baggage.[2] Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Luggage is any number of bags, cases and containers which hold a travellers articles during transit. ...

Coffee in Britain:

The first coffeehouse in England was opened by a Lebanese Jew. Women were not allowed in coffeehouses, and in London, the anonymous 1674 "Women's Petition Against Coffee" complained: Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest city of England (strangely, England has no constitutional existence within the United Kingdom, and therefore cannot be said to have a capital). ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ...

“…the Excessive Use of that Newfangled, Abominable, Heathenish Liquor called COFFEE […] has […] Eunucht our Husbands, and Crippled our more kind Gallants, that they are become as Impotent, as Age”.[3]

Cafe Au Lait in France:

10 August 1792 Paris Commune

In 1715, Louis XIV of France learned of this coffee tree and the Dutch presented him with a coffee tree also referred as the Noble Tree. The first greenhouse in Europe was built to shelter the Noble Tree. [4] This coffee tree flourished and produced a substantial crop. The Noble Tree gave birth to billions of Arabica trees, which can still be found today growing in farout french colonies of Central and South America. Download high resolution version (1000x675, 80 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1000x675, 80 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... A greenhouse in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ... This article discusses the coffee plant; for information on the beverage see coffee (drink). ... French Colonies is the name used by philatelists to refer to the postage stamps issued by France for use in the parts of the French colonial empire that did not have stamps of their own. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

The French soon had a mass affinity for coffee. Coffee was so addictive that their popular french revolutionary slogans of "Liberté, égalité, fraternité, ou la mort!" ("Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death!")" against the Bourgeoisie began in cafes known to be the centre of cultural exchange in a particular community, often fomenting social and political change. Bourgeoisie (RP [], GA []) in modern use refers to the ruling class in a capitalist society. ...

Coffee in the Americas:

Jean-Jacques Dessalines Empereur d'Haiti

Chevalier Gabriel Mathiew de Clieu brought sprouts from the Noble Tree to Martinique( Haiti) in the Caribbean circa 1720. Those sprouts flourished and 50 years later there were 18,680 coffee trees in Martinique enabling the spread of coffee cultivation in Haiti, Mexico and the islands of the Caribbean. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (590x784, 126 KB) Jean-Jacques Dessalines. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (590x784, 126 KB) Jean-Jacques Dessalines. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... World map depicting Caribbean : West Indies redirects here. ...

The Noble Tree also found its way to the island of Reunion in the Indian Ocean known as the Isle of Bourbon. The plant produced smaller beans and was deemed a different variety of Arabica known as var. Bourbon. The infamous Santos coffee of Brazil and the Oaxaca coffee of Mexico are the progeny of that Bourbon tree. Circa 1727, the emperor of Brazil sent Francisco de Mello Palheta to French Guinea to obtain coffee seeds to become a part of the coffee market. Francisco initially had difficulty obtaining these seeds yet he captivated the French Governor's wife and she in turn, sent him enough seeds and shoots which would commence the coffee industry of Brazil. In 1893, the coffee from Brazil was introduced into Kenya and Tanzania (Tanganyika), not far from its place of origin in Ethiopia, 600 years prior, ending its transcontinental journey. Réunion is an island, as well as an overseas département (département doutre-mer, or DOM) of France, located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. ... Catedral de Santo Domingo The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca or simply Oaxaca   is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of Mexico, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ... Bourbon may refer to: Bourbon whiskey House of Bourbon Bourbon biscuits ÃŽle Bourbon was the name of Réunion from 1642 until the French Revolution A class of old garden roses first raised on ÃŽle Bourbon and called Bourbon roses. ... Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... The Brazilian monarchs were the rulers of Brazil from its discovery in 1500 until 1889. ... French Guinea (in West Africa) became independent from France in 1958 (see Guinea). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The introduction of coffee to the Americas attributed France through its colonization of many parts of the continent, starting with Martinique and the colonies of the West Indies where the first French coffee plantations were founded. They relied heavily on African slave laborers. The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...

Ironically two years after the French Revolution, the slaves successfully revolted under Jean-Jacques Dessalines and created the first independent colony for the slaves. The French Revolution (1789–1799/1804) was a vital period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... Jean-Jacques Dessalines Jean-Jacques Dessalines (September 20, 1758–October 17, 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and an Emperor of Haiti (1804–1806 under the name of Jacques I). ...

Contemporary Coffee Conflicts:

Most revolutionary upstarts began at cafes or coffeehouses. See for example the meetings of the Sons of Liberty of the American Revolution and the abortive Beer Hall Putsch by the German Nazi party in 1923. It was in coffeehouses that the Revolutionaries met, here they planned. Sons of Liberty, by Paul Revere The Sons of Liberty was a label adopted by Patriots in the British North American colonies before the American Revolution. ... This article is the current Esperanza Collaboration of the Month. ... The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup détat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi partys Führer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the... National Socialism redirects here. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Boston Tea Party was convened in a coffeeshop despite what the name suggests and gave the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. Through meetings in coffeehouses the first Continental Congress was born. The Boston Tea Party was a direct action protest by the American colonists against Great Britain in which they destroyed many crates of tea bricks on ships in Boston Harbor. ... A declaration of independence is a proclamation of the independence of an aspiring state or states. ... The Continental Congress is the label given to two successive bodies of representatives of the inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies in 18th century British North America: The First Continental Congress met from September 5, 1774, to October 26, 1774. ...

References

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna
• 1949 Encyclopedia Britannica. Otis, McAllister & Co. 1954

External Links

• The Blessed Bean - history of coffee.
• http://www.ico.org/coffee_story.asp
• http://www.lucidcafe.com/fundamentals.html
• http://staff-www.uni-marburg.de/~gloning/wom-pet.htm