The Orphan of Zhao, or Orphan of the House Tcho (趙氏孤兒) is a Chinese play of the Yuan Dynasty, attributed to someone named Ji Junxiang (紀君祥), about whom almost nothing is known. Based on an episode in Shiji, the play has its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao Family (趙氏孤兒大報仇). The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Yuáncháo; Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. ... The Records of the Grand Historian or the Records of the Grand Historian of China was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the mythical Yellow Emperor until his own time. ...

It is the first Chinese play known in Europe. Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare translated the play into French as Tchao-chi-cou-eulh, ou L'orphelin de la maison de Tchao, tragédie chinoise, which was collected in Jean Baptiste du Halde's Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise, published in 1735 (the play was published separately in 1755). Voltaire was inspired to produce his own L'orphelin de la Chine. Stanislas Julien's translation, Tchao-chi-kou-eul, ou L’orphelin de la Chine: drame en prose et en vers, was published in 1834. The play was adapted by the Lincoln Center Theatre in 2003. Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare (born at Cherbourg, 17 July, 1666; died at Macao, 17 September, 1736) was a Jesuit missionary to China. ... François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher. ... Stanislas Julien (April 13, 1797? - February 14, 1873) was a French orientalist. ...