Definition

Within any system for health care, there is often a problem with supply of health care providers and/or access to them. An orphan patient is generally considered to be any patient who has either become "lost" within the medical system or has no primary provider overseeing their care. Usually, the primary provider is a general practitioner or family doctor who takes care of some of the basic health needs and then refers to a specialist for complicated medical problems. Thus, orphan patients are sometimes referred to as "no-family-doctor" patients. The view from insiders and health care providers is that orphan patients tend to receive inferior care than those who have a "gatekeeper" coordinating the medicine. Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions [1]. The organised provision of such services may constitute a healthcare system. ... A general practitioner (GP) or family physician (FP) is a physician/medical doctor who provides primary care. ... A general practitioner (GP) or family physician (FP) is a physician who provides primary care. ... For the Italian comics character with this name, see Lo Sconosciuto Most general, a specialist is a person which are able to solve some predefined class of problems. ...

The Wordspy[1] entry for this phrase is as follows: Wordspy is an Internet site dedicated to tracking recently coined words, existing words revived into modern usage, and older words that are now being used in new ways. ...

orphan patient (OR.fun pay.shunt) n. A hospital patient who doesn't have a family doctor. Also known as an unattached patient.

Example Citation: Dr. Tom Dickson, chief of staff at the William Osler Health Centre in Brampton, Ont., said the FP [family physician] shortage is so severe in the ring of suburbs surrounding Toronto — the '905 belt' — that dozens of orphan patients are arriving at local community hospitals every day. —Patrick Sullivan, "Enter the hospitalist: new type of patient creating a new type of specialist," Canadian Medical Association Journal, May 2, 2000 The Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) is a general medical journal that is published bimonthly in Canada by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA). ...

Earliest Citation: Recent media reports have pointed to a growing problem in Ontario's health care system — the care of "orphan patients." These are patients who rely on walk-in clinics and emergency departments because they do not have their own family doctor. —Jan Kasperski, "Orphan patients," The Record (Kitchener-Waterloo), October 13, 1999 Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status but is not fully co-official) Flower White trillium Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats...

Contributing factors

There are multiple factors that are contributing to the orphan patient problem in North America. Some of them include:

• problems maintaining a supply of qualified health practitioners
• providing access to them where and when they are needed most
• a growing population of patients
• an aging population of patients
• a sicker population of patients (particularly with diabetes and obesity being rampant in North America)
• a more "medicalized" population of patients (expectations for medical care are higher than ever, and we have more defined diseases to treat)
• increasing complexity of treatments for the diseases we has always known about (standard-of-care treatment for heart attack is much more labour-intensive now than it was even a decade ago)

The orphan patient problem has only been recognized in the media recently. However, there at least one older New England Journal of Medicine that used the phrase as far back as 1988: The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society with the highest impact factor for a general medical journal. ...

N Engl J Med. 1988 Mar 10;318(10):646. The orphan patient. Shelley WB, Shelley ED. Publication Types: Letter PMID: 3344016 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Solutions

Solutions to the orphan patient problem are complex, as expected due to its multifactorial origins. It is not possible to decrease the population. It is not easy to increase the number of physicians and other health care providers available, as the time to train them tends to be long. Some of the temporary solutions have involved changing the way that health care is provided by:

• making greater use of alternative health care providers such as nurse practitioners, hospitalists and Telehealth-style public information services.
• using technological assists such as electronic medical records and telemedicine to make the existing health care providers more efficient.
• implementing wider and more effective public health initiatives such as smoking cessation and fitness programs in order to decrease the burden of illness on a community. Community smoking bans and seatbelt regulations are political interventions that are sometimes spearheaded by medical professionals but can be implemented without their involvement.