The Osage Nation is a Native American tribe in the United States, which is mainly based in Osage County, Oklahoma, but can still be found throughout America. Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Osage are American Indian People of the central Midwest. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... Siouan is a family of related Native American languages in North America. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Osage County is the largest county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. ...

The Osage call themselves Ni-U-Kon-Ska, and were originally called Wazházhe by Europeans, both meaning "Children of the Middle Waters." The name Osage comes from a French corruption of the tribal name. Early settlers reported that the Osages were the largest Native people in North America, with many Osage men averaging over 6 feet tall. Warlike, they were feared by neighboring tribes.

The Osage language belongs to the Dhegihan branch of the Siouan stock of Native American languages, now spoken in Nebraska and Oklahoma. They originally lived among the Kansa, the Ponca, the Omaha, and the Quapaw in the Ohio Valley. The tribe probably separated from the closely-related Kansa not long before Europeans first encountered them. The Osage are American Indian People of the central Midwest. ... Siouan is a family of related Native American languages in North America. ... Native American languages are the indigenous languages of the Americas, spoken by Native Americans from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland. ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Largest metro area Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... The Official Seal of The Kaw Nation of Oklahoma The Kaw are an American Indian people of the central Midwest. ... The Ponca are a Native American tribe originally living around the mouth of the [[Niobrara River],] Nebraska, but was later removed to the Indian Territory. ... The Omaha tribe is a Native American tribe that currently reside in northeastern Nebraska and western Iowa, United States. ... The Quapaw people are a tribe of Native Americans who historically resided on the west side of the Mississippi River in what is now the state of Arkansas. ... Carl D. Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right. ... The Official Seal of The Kaw Nation of Oklahoma The Kaw are an American Indian people of the central Midwest. ...

History

Many of the Osage had migrated to the Osage River in western Missouri by 1673, living near the Missouri River. Alongside the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache, they dominated western Oklahoma. They also lived with the Quapaw and Caddo in Arkansas. The Osage River is a tributary of the Missouri River, 360 mi (579 km) long, in central Missouri in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Missouri River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. ... The Kiowa are a nation of Native Americans who lived mostly in the plains of west Texas, Oklahoma and eastern New Mexico at the time of the arrival of Europeans. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... The Quapaw people are a tribe of Native Americans who historically resided on the west side of the Mississippi River in what is now the state of Arkansas. ... The Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Southeastern Native Americans who, in the 16th century, inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 261 miles (420 km)  - % water 2. ...

The Osage held high rank among the old hunting tribes of the Great Plains. From their traditional homes in the woodlands of present-day Missouri and Arkansas, the Osage would make semi-annual buffalo hunting forays out into the Great Plains to the West as well as hunt deer, rabbit, and other wild game in the central and eastern parts of their domain. But, also they would grow corn, squash, and other vegetables near their villages as well as harvest nuts and wild berries. So, in this sense, the Osage's lifestyle did not conform to either a strictly woodland Native American tribe nor a Great Plains people.

European encounters

The French encountered the tribe in Missouri during the late 1600s. As experienced warriors, the Osage allied with the French against the Illiniwek during the early 1700s. Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Many inventions and institutions are created, including Hans Lippershey with the telescope (1608, used by Galileo the next year), the newspaper Avisa Relation oder Zeitung in Augsburg, and Cornelius Drebbel with the thermostat (1609). ... There was much conflict with a neigboring tribe of aliens!The Illiniwek (also known as the Illini, Illinois, Illinois Confederacy) were a group of six Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America. ... Events and trends The Bonneville Slide blocks the Columbia River near the site of present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon with a land bridge 200 feet (60 m) high. ...

Friendly relations with the Osage enabled French fur trader René Auguste Chouteau to extend his business, and he monopolized trade with the tribe from 1794 to 1802. René Auguste Chouteau (born September 7, 1749 in New Orleans, Louisiana; died February 24, 1829 in St. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... --69. ...

Lewis and Clark reported that in 1802, the tribe comprised the Great Osage on the Osage River, the Little Osage upstream, and the Arkansas band on the Vermillion River, a tributary of the Arkansas River. The tribe then numbered some 5,500. The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806) was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back. ... --69. ... The Osage River is a tributary of the Missouri River, 360 mi (579 km) long, in central Missouri in the United States. ... The Vermillion River is the name of several rivers: In Canada Vermillion River in Alberta In the U.S. Vermillion River in Wisconsin Vermillion River in South Dakota Vermillion River in northern Minnesota Vermillion River in southern Minnesota This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... The Arkansas River flows through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. ...

Wealthy fur trader Jean Pierre Chouteau, a half-brother of René Auguste Chouteau, became the United States agent for the tribe in 1804. He founded the Saint Louis Missouri Fur Company in 1809 with a family member, Auguste Pierre Chouteau. The Spanish imprisoned Auguste in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1817, but released him after several months. He actively traded with the Osage and made his home at Salina, Oklahoma. Jean Pierre Chouteau or Pierre Chouteau (1758-1849)[1][2] was an early settler of St. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... August Pierre Chouteau (1786-1838) was a member of the Chouteau fur trading family who established posts in Oklahoma. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Salina is a town located in Mayes County, Oklahoma. ...

Osage Indian wars

The Osage prohibited the hostile Kickapoo from entering onto their Missouri reservation, keeping them in ceded lands in Illinois. Choctaw chief Pushmataha had a notable career as a warrior against the Osage tribe. The Five Civilized Tribes removed to the Indian Territory clashed briefly with the Osage after arriving on the Trail of Tears. This article is about the Native American tribe. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... For other uses, see Choctaw (disambiguation). ... Pushmataha, painted by Charles Bird King Pushmataha was a chief of the Choctaw. ... The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, considered civilized by white Anais because they had adopted many of the colonists customs (including the ownership of plantations and black slaves) and had generally good relations with their neighbors. ... Indian Territory in 1836 Indian Country redirects here. ... For the Norwegian musical group, see Trail of Tears (band). ...

In 1833, the Osage clashed with the Kiowa near the Wichita Mountains in modern day south central Oklahoma in an incident known as the Cutthroat Gap Massacre. The Osage cut off the heads of their victims and arranged them in rows of brass cooking buckets. Not a single Osage died in this attack. Later, Kiowa warriors, allied with the Comanche, raided the Osage and others. View from Mount Scott The Wichita Mountains are an ancient mountain range located in southwestern Oklahoma. ... The Massacre of Cutthroat Gap occurred in the spring of 1833 in the Wichita Mountains. ... The Kiowa are a nation of Native Americans who lived mostly in the plains of west Texas, Oklahoma and eastern New Mexico at the time of the arrival of Europeans. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ...

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. This section has been tagged since July 2007.

In 1867, due to their scouting expertise, excellent terrain knowledge, and military prowess, Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer employed Osage scouts in his campaign against Chief Black Kettle and his band of peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho in western Oklahoma near the Washita river. Chief Black Kettle and his band were surprise-attacked early in the morning by Custer and his soldiers, believed to have been led there by Osage scouts. Chief Black Kettle and others were killed, as well as some soldiers in this incident known to history as the Battle of Washita River. Although the Cheyenne and Arapaho in the past had been traditional Plains enemies of the Osage, it is not known what were the Osage scouts' motives for their role in the battle. It may have been due to the Osage scouts' superior scouting abilities, knowledge of the terrain, and military acumen that led to Custer's surprise victory. Until that time Custer had had limited success in his fights against the Plains tribes. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... “Custer” redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... Combatants United States Cheyenne Commanders George A. Custer Black Kettle†, Little Rock † Strength 7th Cavalry Regiment ~250 warriors and civilians (150 warriors, 100 civilians) [2]. The children were moved by Black Kettle in an other village downstream prior to the battle. ...

Treaties

The Osage began treaty-making with the United States in 1808 with the first cessation of lands in Missouri (Osage Treaty). Subsequent treaties and laws through the 1860's reduced the lands of the Osage and finally provided for a reservation in the Cherokee Outlet in 1870. The Osage moved from their homelands on the Osage River in 1808 and moved to western Missouri. The major part of the tribe had moved to the Three-forks region of what would become Oklahoma soon after the arrival of Lewis and Clark. Since this part of the tribe did not participate in the negotiations for the treaty of 1808, their assent was obtained in 1809. The Osage Treaty was signed on November 10, 1808 between the United States federal government and the Osage Nation. ...

The Tribe began concluding treaties in 1810 that eventually ceded their tribal territory across Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. They first moved onto a southeast Kansas reservation, on which the later city of Independence, Kansas now sits. 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 29th  - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 261 miles (420 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Largest metro area Oklahoma City metro area Area  Ranked 20th  - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²)  - Width 230 miles (370 km)  - Length 298 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... Independence is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. ...

American Civil War

During the American Civil War the Osage tribe was split between supporters of the Union and the Confederacy.

See: Indian cavalry This article or section is in need of expansion. ...

Little House on the Prairie

It was at this time that the family of Laura Ingalls Wilder moved to the territories. Laura recalled her family's encounters with the Osage in Little House on the Prairie, especially the visit of a French-speaking Osage chief she calls Soldat du Chêne. Laura Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 – February 10, 1957) was an American author. ... Little House on the Prairie is a childrens book by Laura Ingalls Wilder that was published in 1935. ...

Reservation living

The Nation later settled onto the Osage Indian Reservation that comprises Osage County, Oklahoma, in the north-central portion of the state between Tulsa, Oklahoma and Ponca City, Oklahoma. The tribal leaders orchestrated a deal with the Federal government to move onto their own hunting ground on the prairie lands. The Osages had experience with the government and negotiated in 1907 to maintain mineral rights to their new homeland. They were unyielding and held up Statehood for Oklahoma before signing an Allotment Act. Osage County is a county located in the state of Oklahoma. ... Osage County is the largest county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Oklahoma Coordinates: , Country State Counties Tulsa, Osage, Wagoner, Rogers Government  - Mayor Kathy Taylor (D) Area  - City  186. ... Ponca City is a city located in north central Oklahoma, 18 miles south of the Kansas border and 15 miles east of Interstate 35. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Unlike most other tribes, the Osage prospered on their reservation lands. Substantial oil reserves were discovered in the 1900s. This new wealth caused many Osages to die as a result of murders for money in increasing numbers between 1921 and 1923, until the FBI stepped in and ended the Osage Indian Murders. // Public flight demonstration of an airplane by Alberto Santos-Dumont in Paris, November 12, 1906. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Osage Indian Murders - Between 1921 and 1923 dozens of people on the Osage Indian Reservation died under suspicious circumstances. ...

Today

Ballerina Maria Tallchief, an Osage born in 1925 in Fairfax, Oklahoma, contributed greatly to the success of ballet dance in America. Her younger sister, Marjorie Tallchief, also performed as a dancer. Maria Tallchief (January 24, 1925) was an American ballerina. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fairfax is a town located in Osage County, Oklahoma. ...

Today, the Osage Nation claims more than 10,000 members. The Osage Museum in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, the oldest extant tribal museum in the country, documents their history. Pawhuska is a city in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. ...

External links

• Osage Tribe Official Website
• Osage Indian Tribe History