Oscar Gustave Rejlander (Sweden 1813 – Clapham, London on 18 January 1875) was a pioneering Victorian art photographer. 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the village in Bedfordshire, see Clapham, Bedfordshire. ... The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Fine art photography, or simply art photography, refers to high-quality archival photographic prints of pictures that are created to fulfill the creative vision of an individual professional. ...

His exact date of birth is uncertain, but was probably 1813. He was the son of Carl Gustaf Rejlander, a stonemason and Swedish Army Officer. He studied art in Rome where he saw photographs of the sights, and then initially settled in Lincoln, England. He abandoned his original profession as a painter and portrait minaturist, apparently after seeing how well a photograph captured the fold of a sleeve. Other accounts say he was inspired by one of Fox Talbot's assistants. A stonemason is a craftsman who works in stone. ... Lincoln (pronounced Ling-kn) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England, a bridging point over the River Witham, with a population, at the 2001 Census of 85,595. ... A painter is a person who paints woodwork, walls, etc. ... William Henry Fox Talbot (February 11, 1800 - September 17, 1877) was one of the first photographers and made major contributions to the photographic process. ...

He set up as a portraitist in the industrial Midlands town of Wolverhampton, probably around 1846. Around 1850 he learned the wet-collodion and waxed-paper processes at great speed with Nicholas Henneman in London, and then changed his business to that of a photography studio. He undertook genre work and portraiture. He also created erotic work, using as models the circus girls of Mme Wharton, street children and child prostitutes - his Charlotte Baker series remains notorious. The midlands of a territory are its central regions. ... Wolverhampton is an industrial, commercial and university city and metropolitan borough in the English West Midlands, traditionally part of the county of Staffordshire. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. ... A genre is a division of a particular form of art according to criteria particular to that form. ...

Rejlander undertook many experiments to perfect his photography, including combination printing from around 1853, which it is possible he may have invented. He was a friend of photographer Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (better know by the nom de plume Lewis Carroll), who collected Rejlander's early child work and corresponded with him on technical matters. Rejlander later created one of the best known & most revealing portraits of Dodgson. Combination printing is the technique of using two or more photographic images in conjunction with one another to create a single image. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Photograph of Lewis Carroll taken by himself, with assistance Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 – January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was a British author, mathematician, Anglican clergyman, logician, and amateur photographer. ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ...

His early work only slightly sullied his later reputation, and he participated in the Paris Exhibition of 1855. In 1857 he made his best-known allegorical work, The Two Ways of Life. This was a seamlessly montaged combination print made of thirty-two images (akin to the use of Photoshop today, but then far more difficult to achieve) in about six weeks. First exhibited at the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition of 1857, the work shows two youths being offered guidance by a patriarch. Each youth looks toward a section of a stage-like tableaux vivant - one youth is shown the virtuous pleasures and the other the sinful pleasures. The image's partial nudity was deemed 'indecent' by some - and those familiar with Rejlander's more commercial work might also suspect that prostitutes had been used as cheap models. But the 'indecency' faded when Queen Victoria ordered a 10-guinea copy to give to Prince Albert. 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... MONTAGE MONTAGE [1] American pop group (1991-current) consisting of singer/songwriter Chris Jones, drummer/songwriter Andrew Doss and various guitarists. ... Adobe Photoshop is a bitmap graphics editor (with some text and vector graphics capabilities) published by Adobe Systems. ... Manchester is a city in the North West of England. ... Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. ... Tableaux Vivant or Tableau Vivant (or sometimes simply Tableau), is French for living picture. It describes a striking group of suitably costumed artists models, carefully posed and often theatrically lit. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January 1877 until her death. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ...

Despire this royal patronage, controversy about The Two Ways of Life in straight-laced Scotland in 1858 led to a secession of a large group from the Photographic Society of Scotland, the secessionists founding the Edinburgh Photographic Society in 1861. They objected to the picture being shown with one half of it concealed by drapes. The picture was later shown at the Birmingham Photographic Society with no such furore or censorship. However the Photographic Society of Scotland later made amends and invited Rejlander to a grand dinner in his honour in 1866, held to open an exhibition that included many of his pictures. Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the UK Languages with Official Status1 English Scottish Gaelic Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The city from above Centenary Square. ... 1866 is a common year starting on Monday. ...

The success of The Two Ways of Life, and membership of the Royal Photographic Society of London, gave him an entree into London respectability. He moved his studio to Malden Road, London around 1862 and further experimented with double exposure, photomontage, photographic manipulation and retouching. He became a leading expert in photographic techniques, lecturing and publishing widely, and sold portfolios of work through bookshops and art dealers. He also found subject-matter in London, photographing homeless London street children to produce popular 'social-protest' pictures such as "Poor Joe" and "Homeless". The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In film and photography, double exposure is a technique in which a piece of film is exposed twice, to two different images. ... Artistic photomontage showing what a complete iceberg might look like under water 0000000 Photomontage is the process (and result) of making a composite picture by cutting and joining a number of photographs. ...

He married Mary Bull in 1862, who was twenty-four years his junior. Mary had been his photographic model in Wolverhampton since she was aged 14. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson visited Rejlander's Malden Road studio in 1863 and was inspired to set up his own studio. Around 1863 Rejlander visited the Isle of Wight and collaborated with Julia Margaret Cameron. 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Isle of Wight is an island off the south coast of England, opposite Southampton. ... Julia Jackson 1867 Julia Margaret Cameron (June 11, 1815 - January 26, 1879) was an British photographer. ...

Some of Rejlander's images were purchased as drawing-aids to Victorian painters of repute, such as Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema. In 1872 his photography illustrated Darwin's classic treatise on The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Categories: Artist stubs | 1836 births | 1912 deaths | British painters | Dutch painters ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... When Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species it shook the scientific world. ...

He became seriously ill from about 1874. Rejlander died in 1875 with several claims on his estate, and costly funeral expenses. The Edinburgh Photographic Society raised money for his widow on Rejlander's death, and helped set up the Rejlander Memorial Fund. 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Rejlander's ideas and techniques were taken up by other photographers and this, to some extent, justifies labelling him as the father of art photography.

Further reading

• David Elliott (Ed.) Oscar Gustave Rejlander. 1813(?)-1875.. Modern Museum / Royal Photographic Society, Sweden, 1998. (A major exhibition catalogue, superbly printed)

• E.Y. Jones. Father of Art Photography: O.G. Rejlander 1813-75 (David & Charles, 1973)

• Graham Ovenden and Robert Melville. Victorian Children (Academy Editions, 1972)

Graham Ovenden (Born 1943 in Alresford, Hampshire, England); English painter, fine art photographer, writer and architect. ...

External links

• http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/rejlande.htm