NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Oslo accords

The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP) was a milestone in Israeli-Palestinian relations. US government photo. ... US government photo. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Accords were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the Palestine Liberation Organization and Shimon Peres signing for the State of Israel. It was witnessed by Warren Christopher for the United States and Andrei Kozyrev for Russia, in the presence of US President Bill Clinton and Israel's Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin with the PLO's Chairman Yasser Arafat. County District Ã˜stlandet Municipality NO-0301 Administrative centre Oslo Mayor (2004) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 224 454 kmÂ² 426 kmÂ² 0. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: ) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø²Ù†), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ; or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a multi-party confederation and is the organization regarded since 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Warren Minor Christopher (born October 27, 1925) is an American diplomat and lawyer. ... Andrey Vladimirovich Kozyrev (born March 27, 1951) was the foreign minister of Russia under Boris Yeltsin from October 1990 until his dismissal in January 1996. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ...

The Oslo Accords were a framework for the the future relations between the two sworn enemies. The Accords provided for the creation of a Palestinian Authority. The Palestinian Authority had responsibility for the administration of the territory under its control. It also called for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ...

It was anticipated that this arrangement would last for a five year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated (beginning no later than May 1996). Permanent issues such as Jerusalem, refugees, Israeli settlements in the area, security and borders were deliberately left to be decided at a later stage. Interim self-government was to be granted in phases.

After a coordinated assault against the parts of the Fatah movement loyal to the Palestinian Authority, Hamas has since assumed de facto state power in the Gaza Strip, leading Israel and the West to cut off funding. It is unclear how this shift in control will affect the Oslo Accords' long-term effectiveness. Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ...

Background

From the Rhodes conference in 1949 ^[1] to the Madrid Conference of 1991^[2] there were many failed attempts for a settlement to bring about a lasting peace. However, what made the Oslo’s negotiations different was the decision to hold direct, face to face talks, between Israel and the PLO. The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the...

A renewal for the Israeli-Palestinian quest for peace began at the end of the Cold War, and it was no coincidence; as the United States would now try to take the lead in international affairs and marshal the strength of the international community behind its renewed diplomacy. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

Also, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, optimism was high, as Francis Fukuyama wrote in an article, titled "the end of history". Hope was that the end of the Cold war had heralded the beginning of a new international order. President George H. W. Bush in a speech on 11 September 1990 spoke of a "rare opportunity" to move toward a "New world order" in which "the nations of the world, east and west, north and south, can prosper and live in harmony," adding that "today the new world is struggling to be born." ^[3] ^[4] Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama (b. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The term new world order has been used to refer to a new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power. ...

Despite that the hope of a New World Order was short-lived; for Israelis the optimism of the moment appealed to them, as some had become tired of the constant violence of the Intifada (1987), and started to look at realizing the economic benefits in the new global economy and many were willing to take risks for peace.^[5]

Furthermore, the Gulf War (1990-1991) did much to persuade Israelis that the defensive value of territory had been overstated, and that indeed the Iraq Invasion of Kuwait, psychologically, reduced the sense of security of both Israelis and Palestinians.^[6] Also the Gulf War had shown that a supreme air force and superior technology was more important than territory in winning a war. For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... Combatants Republic of Iraq State of Kuwait Commanders Ali Hassan al-Majid N/A Strength 100,000[1] 16,000[2] Casualties 37+ aircraft (est. ...

As a result of these and other factors, as much as sixty percent of Israelis supported the Oslo accords when it was first presented. ^[7]

For the Palestine Liberation Organization, the breaking up of the Soviet Union in 1989 presented them with the loss of their most important diplomatic patron along with a failing relationship between Moscow and Arafat.

Another event which pushed the PLO to the accords was the fall out from the Gulf War, which was the cutting off of financial assistance from the Arab Gulf states as a result of Arafat taking a pro-Iraqi stand. This culminated with the PLO not being invited to the Madrid Conference of October 1991 at which Israel discussed peace with Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinian Arabs who were not associated with the PLO. The talks leading to the agreement were initially held in London, and was originally planned to be held in Zagreb, but then later moved to Oslo. Main architects behind the plan were Johan Jørgen Holst (the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs), Terje Rød-Larsen and Mona Juul. The negotiations were reportedly conducted in total secrecy. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government - Mayor Milan BandiÄ‡ Area [1] - City 641. ... County District Ã˜stlandet Municipality NO-0301 Administrative centre Oslo Mayor (2004) Per Ditlev-Simonsen (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 224 454 kmÂ² 426 kmÂ² 0. ... Johan JÃ¸rgen Holst Bust by Per Ung 1999 Johan JÃ¸rgen Holst (November 29, 1937 - January 13, 1994) was a Norwegian politician, best known for his involvement with the Oslo Accords. ... Terje RÃ¸d-Larsen (born November 22, 1947) is a Norwegian diplomat and sociologist. ... Mona Juul is an official in the Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry. ...

Principles of the Accords

In essence, the accords called for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank and affirmed a Palestinian right of self-government within those areas through the creation of a Palestinian Authority. Palestinian rule would last for a five year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated (beginning no later than May 1996). Permanent issues such as Jerusalem, refugees, Israeli settlements in the area, security and borders were deliberately excluded from the Accords and left to be decided. The interim self-government was to be granted in phases. Until a final status accord was established, West Bank and Gaza would be divided into three zones: The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

Together with the principles the two groups signed Letters of Mutual Recognition - The Israeli government recognized the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people while the PLO recognized the right of the state of Israel to exist and renounced terrorism, violence and its desire for the destruction of Israel. The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Israeli settlement. ... Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition (or Israel-PLO Recognition or Letters of Mutual Recognition) were a series of official letters of recognition between the government of Israel and its Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the Palestine Liberation Organizations Chairman Yasser Arafat dated September 9, 1993. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the...

The aim of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations was to establish a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, an elected Council, for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Resolution 242 and Resolution 338, an integral part of the whole peace process.

In order that the Palestinians should govern themselves according to democratic principles, free and general political elections would be held for the Council.

Jurisdiction of the Palestinian Council would cover the West Bank and Gaza Strip, except for issues that would be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations. The two sides viewed the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as a single territorial unit.

The five-year transitional period would commence with the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area. Permanent status negotiations would begin as soon as possible between Israel and the Palestinians. The negotiations would cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, security arrangements, borders, relations and cooperation with other neighbors, and other issues of common interest.

There would be a transfer of authority from the IDF to the authorized Palestinians, concerning education and culture, health, social welfare, direct taxation, and tourism.

The Council would establish a strong police force, while Israel would continue to carry the responsibility for defending against external threats.

An Israeli-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Committee would be established in order to develop and implement in a cooperative manner the programs identified in the protocols.

A redeployment of Israeli military forces in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip would take place.

The Declaration of Principles would enter into force one month after its signing. All protocols annexed to the Declaration of Principles and the Agreed Minutes pertaining to it, should be regarded as part of it.

Annexes of the accords

Annex 1: Conditions of Elections

Election agreements, system of elections, rules and regulations regarding election campaign, including agreed arrangements for the organizing of mass media, and the possibility of licensing a broadcasting and TV station. (Source: Reference.com)

Annex 2: Withdrawal of Israeli forces

An agreement on the withdrawal of Israeli military forces from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area. This agreement will include comprehensive arrangements to apply in the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area subsequent to the Israeli withdrawal. Internal security and public order by the Palestinian police force consisting of police officers recruited locally and from abroad holding Jordanian passports and Palestinian documents issued by Egypt). Those who will participate in the Palestinian police force coming from abroad should be trained as police and police officers.

Annex 3: Economic cooperation

The two sides agree to establish an Israeli-Palestinian continuing Committee for economic cooperation, focusing, among other things, on the following:

Annex 4: Regional development

The two sides will cooperate in the context of the multilateral peace efforts in promoting a Development Program for the region, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, to be initiated by the G-7. 1983 G-7 Economic Summit in Williamsburg, Virginia (left to right) Pierre Trudeau, Gaston Thorn, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Ronald Reagan, Yasuhiro Nakasone, Margaret Thatcher, Amintore Fanfani. ...

Agreed minutes of the accords

Minute A: General understandings

Any powers and responsibilities transferred to the Palestinians through the Declaration of Principles prior to the inauguration of the Council will be subject to the same principles pertaining to Article IV, as set out in the agreed minutes below.

Minute B: Specific understandings

Article IV: Council's jurisdiction

It was to be understood that: Jurisdiction of the Council would cover West Bank and Gaza Strip territory, except for issues that would be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations.

Article VI (2): Transferring authority

It was agreed that the transfer of authority would be as follows: The Palestinians would inform the Israelis of the names of the authorized Palestinians who would assume the powers, authorities and responsibilities that would be transferred to the Palestinians according to the Declaration of Principles in the following fields: education and culture, health, social welfare, direct taxation, tourism, and any other authorities agreed upon.

Article VII (2): Cooperation

The Interim Agreement would also include arrangements for coordination and cooperation.

Article VII (5): Israel's powers

The withdrawal of the military government would not prevent Israel from exercising the powers and responsibilities not transferred to the Council.

Article VIII: Police

It was understood that the Interim Agreement would include arrangements for cooperation and coordination. It was also agreed that the transfer of powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian police would be accomplished in a phased manner.

Article X: Designating officials

It was agreed that the Israeli and Palestinian delegations would exchange the names of the individuals designated by them as members of the Joint Israeli-Palestinian Liaison Committee which would reach decisions by agreement.

Annex II: Israel's continuing responsibilities

It was understood that, subsequent to the Israeli withdrawal, Israel would continue to be responsible for external security, and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Israeli military forces and civilians would be allowed to continue using roads freely within the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area.

The acceptance of the accords by both parties

The accords aroused in both parties, the Israeli and the Palestinian, a wave of hope for an end to the conflict, but skeptics abounded everywhere.

In Israel, a strong debate over the accords took place; the left wing supported them, while the right wing opposed them. After a two day discussion in the Knesset on the government proclamation in the issue of the accord and the exchange of the letters, on September 23, 1993 a vote of confidence was held in which 61 Knesset members voted for the decision, 50 voted against and 8 abstained. Type Unicameral Speaker of the Knesset Dalia Itzik, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Deputy Speaker Majalli Wahabi, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Members 120 Political groups Kadima Labour-Meimad Shas Likud Last elections March 28, 2006 Meeting place Knesset, Jerusalem, Israel Web site www. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Palestinian reactions to the accords were not homogeneous, either. The Fatah accepted the accords, but the Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, which were known as the "refusal organizations", objected to the accords since those groups completely denounce Israel's right to exist as a Jewish state. Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of Israel superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The book Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State, 1896) by Theodor Herzl. ...

On both sides there were fears of the other side's intentions. Israelis suspected that the Palestinians were entering into a tactical peace agreement, and that they were not sincere at all to reach peace and coexistence with Israel, but see it as part of the Ten Point Program (which is called in Israel Tokhnit HaSHlavim or Torat HaSHlavim). For evidence they brought statements of Arafat's in Palestinian forums in which he compared the accord to the Hudaibiya agreement that Muhammad signed with the sons of the tribe of Quraish. Those statements would then be understood as an attempt to justify the signing of the accords in accordance with historical-religious precedent, with no intention of honoring it. Palestinian journalist and editor Abd al-Bari Atwan claimed in 2004 that Arafat had ulterior motives when he signed the agreement—that it would help bring about thousands of Jews fleeing Israel.^[8] The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Quraish (Arabic: â€Ž translit: ) is the Meccan tribe that the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged to before he received the revelations of Islam. ... Abdul Bari Atwan (Arabic: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø§Ø±ÙŠ Ø¹Ø·ÙˆØ§Ù†) is the editor-in chief of the London-based Arabic newspaper Al-Quds Al-Arabi. ...

After the signing of the agreements Israeli settlement expansion accelerated to five times its original rate,^[9] leading to frustration amongst many Palestinians and a general distrust of the accords and of Israeli intentions. The Israeli's trust in the accords was undermined by the fact, according to the Israeli goveernment, that after the signing of the accords the terrorist attacks against Israel did not cease and even intensified,^[10] which some explained as an attempt by the terror organizations to thwart the peace process. Others believed that the Palestinian Authority had no interest in ceasing these attacks and was instead endorsing them. As evidence they showed that when violence flared up in September 1996, Palestinian police turned their guns on the Israelis in clashes which left 61 Arabs and 15 Israeli soldiers dead.^[11] Important sections of the Israeli public opposed the process; notably, the Jewish settlers feared that it would lead to them losing their homes.

Criticisms of the Oslo Accords

The Oslo Accords may appear not to have considered factors that would have externally influenced its interpretations. For example, the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre is often blamed for destabilizing the Palestinians' trust in the process. Also, the expansion of the settlements and blockades which caused the deterioration of economic conditions caused frustration and a corresponding drop in support for the accord and those who stood behind its ratification. The facade and minarets of the Cave of the Patriarchs. ... Map of Israeli settlements (magenta) in the West Bank. ...

Some academics have argued that the principles of the Oslo Accord simply cannot be accepted by both parties as it could serve only to separate further still the Israelis and Palestinians: both of whom believe they have a valid claim to the land they are fighting over, by creating a superior one over an inferior other.

There have been suggested alternatives to boundary setting and creating principles that divide the Israeli and Palestinians. One alternative that has the potential to be accepted by both parties is to rethink the principles of the Oslo Accord and move a peace process towards the creation of a bi-national state that promotes co-existence rather than to continuing to divide. An argument for this as a possible way of reconciliation is that neither side can wholly justify a claim for homogeneity. Palestine has a varied history of occupancy, such as the Canaanites, Hittites and Ammonites in ancient times.^[12] Also, some Israeli and Palestinian thinkers have previously argued for a bi-national state as a more attractive alternative to separatism.^[13] For the span of recorded history starting roughly 5,000-5,500 years ago, see Ancient history. ...

Subsequent negotiations

In addition to the first accord, namely the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government, other more specific accords are often informally also known as "Oslo":

Oslo 2

The Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip or Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement, or simply the Interim Agreement, also known as Oslo 2 (or Oslo II), and alternately known as Taba, was a key and complex agreement about the future of the Gaza Strip and the West... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Central Bethlehem This article is about the city in the West Bank. ... Arabic Ø§Ù„Ø®Ù„ÙŠÙ„ Government City Also Spelled al-Khalil (officially) al-Halil (unofficially) Governorate Hebron Population 166,000 (2006) Jurisdiction dunams Head of Municipality Mustafa Abdel Nabi Hebron (Arabic: al-á¸ªalÄ«l or al KhalÄ«l; Hebrew: , Standard Hebrew: á¸¤evron, Tiberian Hebrew: á¸¤eá¸‡rÃ´n) is a city in the southern Judea... It has been suggested that Anem be merged into this article or section. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Qalqīlyah (Arabic قلقيلية; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is an Arab city in the West Bank. ... Ramallah (Arabic: ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank of approximately 57,000 residents. ... Nickname: City of Generosity Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: City of Tulkarm Location Location in Palestine Government Neighbourhoods Al-Salam, Al-Sowana, Dhinnaba, Iktaba, Irtah, Iskan Al-Mozafeen, Izbat Al-Jarad, Izbat Naser, Nur Shams Camp, Shuwaykah, Tulkarm Camp Mayor Mahmoud Al-Jallad Geographical characteristics Area 246 kmÂ² Land 246 km...

Additional agreements

Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition (or Israel-PLO Recognition or Letters of Mutual Recognition) were a series of official letters of recognition between the government of Israel and its Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the Palestine Liberation Organizations Chairman Yasser Arafat dated September 9, 1993. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... It has been suggested that List of visitor attractions in Paris be merged into this article or section. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area - City 214 kmÂ² (82. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, also known as The Hebron Protocol or Hebron Agreement, began January 7 and was concluded from January 15 to January 17, 1997 between Israel, represented by Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), represented by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum, full name: The Sharm el Sheikh Memorandum on Implementation Timeline of Outstanding Commitments of Agreements Signed and the Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations was a memorandum signed on September 4, 1999 by Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The Taba summit (or: Taba Summit; Taba Talks; Taba Conference; Taba), also known as the permanent status talks at Taba between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from January 21 to January 27, 2001 at Taba in the Sinai peninsula, were peace talks aimed at reaching the final status negotiations... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Loss of credibility

Since the start of the al-Aqsa Intifada, the Oslo Accords are viewed with increasing disfavor by both the Palestinian and Israeli public. In May 2000, seven years after the Oslo Accords and five months before the start of the al-Aqsa Intifada, a survey by the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research at the University of Tel Aviv found that: 39% of all Israelis supported the Accords and that 32% believed that the Accords would result in peace in the next few years. ^[14]. By contrast, the May 2004 survey found that 26% of all Israelis supported the Accords and 18% believed that the Accords would result in peace in the next few years. Many Palestinians believed that the Oslo Accords had turned the PLO leadership into a tool of the Israeli state in suppressing their own people. While benefiting a small elite, the conditions of most Palestinians worsened. This was seen as one of the causes for the al-Aqsa Intifada. For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... Tel-Aviv University (TAU, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב) is one of Israels major universities. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ...

Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Map of the World with the Participants in World War I. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey. ... The Faisal-Weizmann Agreement was signed on January 3, 1919, by Emir Faisal (son of the King of Hejaz) and Chaim Weizmann (later President of the World Zionist Organization) as part of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 settling disputes stemming from World War I. It was a short-lived agreement... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. ... Celebrating the signing of the Camp David Accords in the White House Rose Garden: Menachem Begin (right), Jimmy Carter (center), Anwar Sadat (left) The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations... The Israel-Egypt peace treaty (Arabic: Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ù‡Ø¯Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù…ØµØ±ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø¦ÙŠÙ„ÙŠØ©; transliterated: Muahadat as-Salam al-Masriyah al-Israyliyah) (Hebrew: ×”×¡×›× ×©×œ×•× ×™×©×¨××œ-×ž×¦×¨×™×; transliterated: Heskem Shalom Yisrael-Mizraim) was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on March 26, 1979, following the Camp David Accords (1978). ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ... The Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace (full name: Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) (Hebrew:×”×¡×›× ×”×©×œ×•× ×‘×™×Ÿ ×™×©×¨××œ ×œ×™×¨×“×Ÿ; transliterated: HaSekhem Ha-Shalom beyn Yisrael Le-Yarden) (Arabic: Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ù‡Ø¯Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø±Ø¯Ù†ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø¦ÙŠÙ„ÙŠØ©; transliterated: Muahadat as-Salam al-Orduniyah al-Israyliyah, and commonly referred to as Araba Valley... The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. ... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... This page discusses the many projects that work to create a peaceful and productive co-existence between Israelis and Arabs including the Palestinians. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...

References

Sir Lawrence D. Freedman is Professor of War Studies at Kings College London, a post he has held since 1982. ... Efraim Karsh is Professor and Head of Mediterranean Studies at Kings College London. ... Ahron Bregman is a writer and journalist, specialising on the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Avraham Sela is an Israeli authority on the politics of the Middle East and international relations. ...

See also

For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... The Economic Cooperation Foundation (ECF) was founded by former Minister of Justice Dr. Yossi Beilin and by Dr. Yair Hirschfeld at the end of 1990 as a non-profit non-governmental organization, whose objectives are to build, maintain and support Israeli-Palestinian and Israeli-Arab cooperation in the political, economic... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... Peace Now (Hebrew: ×©×œ×•× ×¢×›×©×™×• - Shalom Achshav) is an extra-parliamental political movement in Israel, with the agenda of swaying popular opinion and convincing the Israeli government of the need and possibility for achieving a just peace and an historic conciliation with the Palestinian people and neighboring Arab countries; this in exchange...

Issues

Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... Proposals for a Palestinian state vary depending on ones views of Palestinian statehood, as well as various definitions of Palestine and Palestinian (see also Palestinian state and State of Palestine). ... Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United...

People

Israeli-Palestinian conflict (Part of the Arab-Israeli conflict)

v • d • e

Participants

Individuals

Conflicts / Violence / Terrorism

Diplomacy

Israel: An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... Ahmed Qurei (Abu Alaa) Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠ Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù‚Ø±ÙŠØ¹), also known by his Arabic Kunya Abu Alaa (Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¹Ù„Ø§Ø¡) (born March 26, 1937) was prime minister of the Palestinian Authority. ... Terje RÃ¸d-Larsen (born November 22, 1947) is a Norwegian diplomat and sociologist. ... Mona Juul is an official in the Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry. ... Johan JÃ¸rgen Holst Bust by Per Ung 1999 Johan JÃ¸rgen Holst (November 29, 1937 - January 13, 1994) was a Norwegian politician, best known for his involvement with the Oslo Accords. ... Jan Egeland (born 1957) is the United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. ... Yossi Beilin Dr. Yossef (Yossi) Beilin (Hebrew: ; born June 12, 1948) is an Israeli politician, Knesset member, and a former , deputy foreign minister and justice minister within the Israeli Labour Party. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1936 - 2004 (about 68 years old)) (Arabic: ) was the co-founder (with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi) and the spiritual leader of the militant Palestinian Islamist organization of Hamas,[1] originally calling it the Palestinian Wing of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: ) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø²Ù†), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... Yigal Amir (Hebrew: ×™×’××œ ×¢×ž×™×¨) (born May 23, 1970) is the Israeli assassin of the late Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin. ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: ×Öµ×”×•Ö¼×“ ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¨Ö¸×§) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942) is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minster, and current Minister of Defense and leader of Israels Labor Party. ... The West Wing, see NSF Thurmont (The West Wing). ... Insignia of the Rav Aluf The Ramatkal (Hebrew: ×¨×ž×˜×›×œ, abbr. ... Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict Â· Israel-Lebanon conflict Â· Arab League Â· Soviet Union / Russia Â· Israel and the United... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ...

Israel Defense Forces

Israel Police

Mossad

Shabak

Palestinians:
Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ... Israeli Police logo The Israel Police (×ž×©×˜×¨×ª ×™×©×¨××œ Mishteret Yisrael) is a civilian force in the State of Israel. ... (Hebrew: ×”×ž×•×¡×“ ×œ×ž×•×“×™×¢×™×Ÿ ×•×œ×ª×¤×§×™×“×™× ×ž×™×•×—×“×™×, The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations), often referred to as The Mossad (meaning The Institute), is Israels intelligence agency and is responsible for intelligence collection, counter-terrorism, covert operations such as paramilitary activities, and the facilitation of aliyah where it is banned. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not include all significant viewpoints. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... For other uses of Palestinian, see Definitions of Palestine and Palestinian. ...

Main:

Palestine Liberation Organisation

Palestinian National Authority

Other: The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... Anthem: Biladi Capital Ramallah and Gaza de facto, as the current location of government institutions. ...

Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

DFLP

Fatah

Hamas

Palestine Liberation Front

Palestinian Islamic Jihad

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front

PFLP

PFLP-GC

Popular Resistance Committees

Influence: The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (ÙƒØªØ§Ø¦Ø¨ Ø´Ù‡Ø¯Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù‚ØµÙ‰) are a Palestinian armed terrorist group closely linked to the Fatah party. ... Image File history File links DFLP_flag. ... The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ…ÙˆÙ‚Ø±Ø§Ø·ÙŠØ© Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†, transliterated Al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist, secular political and military organization. ... Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... Image File history File links Hamas_flag2. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†ÙŠØ©) is a militant Palestinian group which is designated by the United States and European Union [1] as a terrorist organization. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... PPSF symbol The Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (PPSF, occasionally abbr. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø¨Ù‡Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø´Ø¹Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ù„ØªØØ±ÙŠØ± ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ† - Ø§Ù„Ù‚ÙŠØ§Ø¯Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù…Ø©) is a left-wing Palestinian nationalist organization, backed by Syria. ... Emblem of the Popular Resistance Committees The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are various Palestinian militant organizations which operate in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ...

Arab League

British Mandate of Palestine (1920–48)

Hezbollah

Moshe Arens
Ami Ayalon
Ehud Barak
Menachem Begin
Meir Dagan
Avi Dichter
Yuval Diskin
David Ben-Gurion
Ephraim Halevy
Dan Halutz
Golda Meir
Shaul Mofaz
Yitzhak Mordechai
Benjamin Netanyahu
Ehud Olmert
Shimon Peres
Yaakov Peri
Yitzhak Rabin
Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
Yitzhak Shamir
Ariel Sharon
Shabtai Shavit
Moshe Ya'alon
Danny Yatom
Zvi Zamir Image File history File links Flag_of_the_League_of_Arab_States. ... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders - Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001) - Council of the Arab League Sudan - Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment - Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945 Area - Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... Image File history File links Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hezbollah. ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…ÙˆÙ† al-ikhwÄn al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø®ÙˆØ§Ù† al-ikhwÄn, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Moshe Arens Moshe Arens (born December 27, 1925 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is an Israeli politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ami Ayalon (Hebrew: , born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Labor Party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: ×Öµ×”×•Ö¼×“ ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¨Ö¸×§) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942) is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minster, and current Minister of Defense and leader of Israels Labor Party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (â€Ž, August 16, 1913 â€“ March 9, 1992) was a Polish-Jewish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This is the Hebrew name of Meir Klugeman, the current Director of the Mossad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Avi Dichter (Hebrew: ××‘×™ ×“×™×›×˜×¨) (born: December 4, 1952) is an Israeli politician, former head of the Shabak, and member of the Knesset. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yuval Diskin (Hebrew: ×™×•×‘×œ ×“×™×¡×§×™×Ÿ) (born: 1956) is the 12th and current Director of Shabak. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (October 16, 1886 â€“ December 1, 1973; Hebrew: ) was the first Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ephraim Halevy (Hebrew: ××¤×¨×™× ×”×œ×•×™) (born: 1934) is an Israeli lawyer and intelligence expert. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: ) (born August 7, 1948 in Tel Aviv, Israel) is an Israeli Air Force Lt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Golda Meir (â€Ž, born Golda Mabovitz, May 3, 1898 - December 8, 1978), also known as Golda Myerson from 1917-1956, was one of the founders of the State of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Shaul Mofaz during a meeting with U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on November 10, 2003. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yitzhak Mordechai (Hebrew: ×™×¦×—×§ ×ž×¨×“×›×™, born November 22, 1944) was a Major General in the Israeli army, and later Israeli Minister of Defense and of Transport. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: ×‘Ö´Ö¼× Ö°×™Ö¸×žÖ´×™×Ÿ × Ö°×ªÖ·× Ö°×™Ö¸×”×•Ö¼ (without niqqud: ×‘× ×™×ž×™×Ÿ × ×ª× ×™×”×•), Hebrew transliteration written in English: Binyamin Netanyahu, nicknamed Bibi) (born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel and is a leading figure in the Likud party. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew:××”×•×“ ××•×œ×ž×¨×˜; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Yaakov Peri was the head of Shabak (Shin-Bet). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Amnon Lipkin-Shahak (Hebrew: אמנון ליפקין-שחק, born March 18th, 1944) was the chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces, and later Israeli Minister of Tourism and Transport. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew ×™Ö´×¦Ö°×—Ö¸×§ ×©Ö¸××žÖ´×™×¨) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik ×Ö¸×¨Ö´×™×§) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Shabtai Shavit (Hebrew: ×©×‘×ª×™ ×©×‘×™×˜) was the Director General of the Mossad from 1989 to 1996. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... General Moshe Yaalon, Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (2002-2005) Lieutenant-General Moshe Yaalon (often nicknamed Boogie) (born 1950) was the 17th Chief of Staff (×¨×ž×˜×›×œ) of the Israeli Defence Force. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Danny Yatom also Dani Yatom was the Director of the Mossad from 1996 to 1998. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Zvi Zamir (1925) was the Director of the Mossad from 1968 to 1974. ...

Abu Abbas
Mahmoud Abbas
Moussa Arafat
Yasser Arafat
Yahya Ayyash
Marwan Barghouti
Mohammed Dahlan
Mohammed Deif
George Habash
Wadie Haddad
Ismail Haniya
Nayef Hawatmeh
Amin al-Husayni
Ghazi Jabali
Ahmed Jibril
Abu Jihad
Salah Khalaf
Leila Khaled
Sheikh Khalil
Khaled Mashal
Zuheir Mohsen
Abu Ali Mustafa
Abu Nidal
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
Jibril Rajoub
Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi
Ali Hassan Salameh
Salah Shahade
Ramadan Shallah
Fathi Shaqaqi
Ahmed Yassin Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Muhammad Zaidan (also known as Abu Abbas and Muhammad Abbas) (December 10, 1948 â€“ March 8, 2004) was a Palestinian terrorist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: ) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya Abu Mazen (Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ù…Ø§Ø²Ù†), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Moussa Arafat Major General Moussa Arafat al-Qidwi (born Jaffa 1941 -- died Gaza City September 7, 2005) was a cousin of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Yahya Abdal-Tif Ayyash (ÙŠØÙŠÙ‰ Ø¹ÙŠØ§Ø´; February 22, 1966 - January 5, 1996) was the chief bombmaker of Hamas and the leader of the Samaria battalion of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Marwan Barghouti Marwan Bin Khatib Barghouti ( Ù…Ø±ÙˆØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø±ØºÙˆØ«ÙŠ born June 6, 1959) is a Palestinian leader from the West Bank and a leader of the Fatah movement. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammed Dahlan is a Palestinian, born in 1961 in a refugee camp in Khan Younis. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammed Deif (Arabic: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø¶ÙŠÙ ) is a commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... George Habash (Arabic Ø¬ÙˆØ±Ø¬ ØØ¨Ø´) (born August 2, 1926 in Lod), sometimes known by his nom de guerre Al-Hakim, Ø§Ù„ØÙƒÙŠÙ…, meaning the doctor, is a Palestinian politician, formerly a militant, and the founder and former Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Wadie Haddad (1927â€“1978), a. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: Ø¥Ø³Ù…Ø§Ø¹ÙŠÙ„ Ù‡Ù†ÙŠØ©) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Naif Hawatmeh Nayef Hawatmeh (kunya Abu an-Nuf, b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Mohammad Amin al-Husayni Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (ca. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ghazi al-Jabali, the Gaza Strip Chief of Police, appointed by the Palestinian Authority. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ahmed Jibril Ahmed Jibril (born 1928) is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC), part of the left-wing, secular Palestinian rejectionist front, so-called because they reject proposals for a peaceful settlement with Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Khalil Al-Wazir (October 10, 1935â€“April 16, 1988), better known by the kunya Abu Jihad (Arabic: father of the struggle) and Al-Wazir (the top minister), was a founder of the Palestinian group Fatah (which later formed the dominant part of the PLO), and later a top aide to... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Iyad Salah Khalaf (Arabic ØµÙ„Ø§Ø Ø®Ù„Ù), also known as Abu Iyad (Arabic Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¥ÙŠØ§Ø¯) (born 1933 â€“ January 14, 1991) was deputy chief and head of intelligence for the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the second most senior official of Fatah after Yasser Arafat. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Leila Khaled in the 1970s Leila Khaled (Arabic: ; born April 9, 1944) is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), part of the secular, leftwing Palestinian rejectionist front. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Izz El-Deen Sobhi Sheikh Khalil (alternately Ezzeddine) (Arabic: Ø¹Ø² Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø®Ù„ÙŠÙ„) (circa 1962/1964 - September 26, 2004), from the Shajaiyeh district of Gaza City, presently a Hamas stronghold, was a senior member of the military wing of the Palestinian Islamist guerrilla group Hamas when he was blown apart in an automobile booby... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: Ø®Ø§Ù„Ø¯ Ù…Ø´Ø¹Ù„) (b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Zuheir Mohsen (b. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Ali Mustafa (Arabic:Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠ Ù…ØµØ·ÙÙ‰), dates (1938 to August 27, 2001), the nom de guerre of Mustafa Zibri, was a Palestinian leader and was general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine from July 2000 until he was assassinated by Israeli forces the following year. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Abu Nidal in 1976 in a photograph released by the Israeli Defense Forces, one of only a handful of photographs of him known to exist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... -1... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Jibril Rajoub was Yasir Arafats National Security Advisor, a member of the Fatah Revolutionary Council. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ali Hassan Salameh Ali Hassan Salameh (1943 â€“ January 22, 1979) was the chief of operations â€” code name Abu Hassan - for Black September, the terrorist organisation responsible for the Munich Massacre (1972) and other attacks; he was also the founder of Force 17. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Salah Shahade was the leader of the Ezzedeen-al-qassam brigades, the militray wing of palestinian islamist movement Hamas, untils its assassination by Israel on july 22th, 2002. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah Sheikh Abdullah Ramadan Shallah (Arabic: ) aka Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shallah (born January 1, 1958) in Sajaya, Gaza Strip has Palestinian citizenship and is one of the founders and currently (since 1995) the Secretary-General of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, deemed by the United States federal government... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Fathi Shaqaqi, alternatively spelled Fathi Shqaqi or Fathi Shiqaqi, (1951-1995) was a Palestinian doctor who founded and led the Palestinian Islamic Jihad organisation and the initiator of suicide bombings. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1936 - 2004 (about 68 years old)) (Arabic: ) was the co-founder (with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi) and the spiritual leader of the militant Palestinian Islamist organization of Hamas,[1] originally calling it the Palestinian Wing of the Muslim Brotherhood. ...

1920 Palestine riots
1921 Jaffa riots
1929 Palestine riots
1929 Hebron massacre
1936–1939 Arab revolt
1930s Irgun attacks
1947 Jerusalem riots
1948 Arab-Israeli War
· 1948 war massacres
· 1948 Deir Yassin massacre
· 1948 Hadassah medical convoy massacre
· 1948 Palestinian exodus
1948-1967 Jewish exodus from Arab lands
1948-1967 Terrorist attacks against Israel
1953-1955 Unit 101
1966 Samu Incident
1967 Six-Day War
1968 Battle of Karameh
1969-1970 War of Attrition
1970 Avivim school bus massacre
1972 Munich Olympics massacre
· 1972 Operation Wrath of God
· 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon
1973 Yom Kippur War
1974 Maalot massacre
1975 Savoy Hotel attack
1975 Zion Square bombing
1976 Operation Entebbe
1978 Coastal Road massacre
1978 South Lebanon conflict
1982 Lebanon War
· 1982 Siege of Beirut
· 1982 Sabra and Shatila massacre
1985 Operation Wooden Leg
1987–1990 Intifada
· 1988 Tunis Raid
· 1989 Bus 405 massacre
Palestinian Islamic Jihad suicide attacks
Hamas suicide attacks
1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
1996 Bus 18 massacres
2000–present Al-Aqsa Intifada
· Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade suicide attacks
· Massacres during Al-Aqsa Intifada
· Assassinations during Al-Aqsa Intifada
· 2001 Dolphinarium massacre
· 2001 Sbarro restaurant massacre
· 2002 Passover massacre
· 2002 Egged bus 841 massacre
· 2002 Operation Defensive Shield
· 2002 Battle of Jenin
· 2003 Bus 2 massacre
· 2003 Maxim restaurant massacre
2004 Israel-Gaza conflict
· Operation Rainbow
· Operation Days of Penitence
2006 Israel-Gaza conflict
· Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident
2006-2007 Fatah-Hamas conflict
2007 Israeli-Palestinian conflict This article describes violent events in the Old City of Jerusalem from April 4-7, 1920. ... On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Palestine, and Socialists parading on May Day. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Hebron massacre of 1929 was the murder by Arab rioters of 67 Jews in Hebron, then part of the Palestine under the British mandate. ... The 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ... During the Great Uprising (1936-1939) of the Arabs in Palestine, in which more than 320 Jews were killed by Arab attacks, the Irgun carried out sixty retaliatory attacks against Arabs, reflecting its worldview that political violence and terrorism were legitimate tools in the Jewish national struggle for the Land... The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the 1947 UN Partition Plan. ... Combatants Israel, Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by... This is a list of massacres committed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. ... The Deir Yassin massacre (Deir Yassin is also transliterated from Arabic as Dayr Yasin and frequently (mis)transliterated from Hebrew writings as Dir Yassin) refers to the killing of scores of Arab civilians at the village of Deir Yassin just east of Jerusalem in Palestine by Jewish irregular forces between... The Hadassah medical convoy massacre was an event that took place during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, on April 13, 1948, when a Jewish medical convoy was attacked by Arab forces. ... Palestinian refugees in 1948 The Palestinian exodus (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù‡Ø¬Ø±Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙÙ„Ø³Ø·ÙŠÙ†ÙŠØ© al-Hijra al-Filasteeniya) refers to the refugee flight of Palestinian Arabs during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Arab violence was rampant during wave of anti-Jewish riots in 1920-21, during the pogroms of 1929 (which included the massacre of the Jewish community in Hebron and Safed), during the Arab Revolt of 1936-39 (which included the massacre of Jewish community in Tiberias), and in many other... Unit 101 was an Israeli special operations unit founded and led by Ariel Sharon on orders from Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in August 1953. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Commanders Yoav Shalam Levi Eshkol Bahjat al-Muhsin Hussein I bin Talal Strength 400 troops 40 half-tracks 10 tanks 100 troops 20 convoy vehicles Casualties 1 killed 10 wounded 16 Jordanian Armed Forces killed 54 Jordanian Armed forces wounded 15 vehicles... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... The Battle of Karameh was one of the main events in the history of the Palestinian national movement. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ; or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a multi-party confederation and is the organization regarded since 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... An ambush attack known as the Avivim school bus massacre took place on May 8, 1970 near Avivim, an agricultural community in Israel founded in 1963 by Moroccan immigrants. ... The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, a group with ties to Yasser Arafatâ€™s Fatah organization. ... The operation was ordered in response to the massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. ... Combatants Sayeret Matkal PLO Strength 25,000 unknown Casualties 2 KIA 12-100 KIA 3 civilian casualties The 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon (code-named Operation Spring of Youth) took place on the night of April 9 and early morning of April 10, 1973 when Israel Defense Forces special forces... Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, br/> Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... The Maalot massacre was a school massacre in Maalot, Israel, that occurred on May 15, 1974. ... The Savoy Operation was a terrorist act masterminded by Abu Jihad On the night of March 4th, 1975, at 11:00 PM eight terrorists in two teams landed by boat on the Tel-Aviv beach. ... On February 4, 1948, as the conflict over the coming partition of Palestine grew, three car bombs arranged by Arab irregulars exploded on Ben Yehuda Street, a main avenue in Jewish Jerusalem, killing 52 Jewish civilians and leaving 123 injured. ... Combatants Israel PFLP RevolutionÃ¤re Zellen Uganda Commanders Yonatan Netanyahuâ€ Wadie Haddad Wilfried BÃ¶se Idi Amin Strength 29 Commandos Unknown Casualties Yonatan Netanyahu killed three hostages killed five commandos wounded 6 hijackers killed 45 Ugandan soldiers killed Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe incident and occasionally the Entebbe... Dalal Al Mughrabi Dalal Mughrabi and Ehud Barak Charred remains of the hijacked bus Front end remains of the hijacked bus The Kamal Odwan Operation In 1970s the Israeli Mossad committed massacres inside and outside Palestine, the foremost of which was the assassination of the three Palestinian Leaders, martyrs... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army PLO Strength 25,000 10,000 Casualties 20 9,800 The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named Operation Litani by Israel) was the name of the Israel Defense Forces 1978 invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River. ... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army LF (nominally neutral) PLO Syria Amal LCP Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 37,000 Casualties 670 17,825 The 1982 Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon), (Arabic: ), called by Israel the Operation Peace... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Palestinian Liberation Organization Commanders Ariel Sharon Yasir Arafat Strength 30,000 15,000 Casualties 368 soldiers killed, 2,383 wounded 1000 PLO guerillas killed, 6000 captured. ... Combatants Lebanese Phalangist No combatants Commanders Elie Hobeika No commander Strength 150 irregulars Unarmed civilian population Casualties 2 700 - 3,500 civilians (see below) The Sabra and Shatila massacre (or Sabra and Chatila massacre; Arabic: Ù…Ø°Ø¨ØØ© ØµØ¨Ø±Ø§ ÙˆØ´Ø§ØªÙŠÙ„Ø§) was carried out in September 1982 by a Lebanese Forces militia group against Palestinian refugee... Operation Wooden Leg was the October 1, 1985 Israeli Air Force raid on the Palestinian Liberation Organizations headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia. ... The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Abu_Jihad#Assassination. ... The Tel Aviv-Jerusalem bus 405 massacre occurred on July 6, 1989. ... The US media do not report that the Israeli defense force had killed 82 Palestinian Children before there was a single suicide attack in the current Intifada, beginning in 2000. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: NPOV: similar articles on one-sided violence committed by Israelis have been deleted for being NPOV fork. ... The facade and minarets of the Cave of the Patriarchs. ... Jerusalem bus 18 massacres refer to two consecutive suicide attacks made by Hamas suicide bombers in Jerusalem in 1996. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... List of suicide attacks carried out by Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades The criteria used for this list: deliberate attacks committed by Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades suicide bombers against civilians. ... List of massacres committed during the al-Aqsa Intifada This is all wrong info ... Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ... The Dolphinarium Massacre was a suicide bombing carried out by a Hamas militant in a discotheque near the dolphinarium in Tel-Aviv, Israel on June 1, 2001. ... The Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing took place on August 9, 2001 in Jerusalem, Israel. ... The Netanya suicide attack (also known as the Netanya bombing and the Passover massacre) was a Palestinian suicide bombing in Park Hotel at Netanya on March 27, 2002. ... The Egged bus 841 massacre was a suicide attack carried out on Monday October 21, 2002, by two members of the Islamic Jihad militant organization, in the Israeli urban area of Wadi Ara. ... Combatants Israel (Israel Defense Forces) Fatah (Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades & Tanzim) Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad Palestinian security forces Commanders Aluf Itzhak Eitan (Central commander) Strength Golani Brigade, Nahal Brigade, Paratroopers Brigade, 5th Reserve Infantry Brigade, 408th Reserve Infantry Brigade, Jerusalem Brigade(reserve), Shayetet 13, Armor and Engineering forces. ... Combatants Israel IDF Fatah (Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Tanzim) Hamas Image:Flag of PIJ.gif Islamic Jihad Commanders Yedidia Yehuda [4] Mahmoud Tawallbeâ€ Strength 1,000 200-250 Casualties 23 soldiers killed 52 killed (38 armed men, 14 civilians according to IDF; 30 militants, 22 civilians according to HRW) 685... The Jerusalem bus 2 massacre was a suicide bombing in a crowded bus in Jerusalem, Israel on August 19, 2003, which killed 23 people and wounded over 130. ... The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing occurred on October 4, 2003, when a 28-year-old Palestinian terrorist, female suicide bomber Hanadi Jaradat, exploded inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. ... The 2004 Israel-Gaza conflict refers to the series of battles between Palestinian militants and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... Operation Rainbow (In Hebrew, ×ž×‘×¦×¢ ×§×©×ª ×‘×¢× ×Ÿ) is a controversial military operation which began on May 18, 2004 in the Gaza Strip. ... Combatants Israel Defense Forces Hamas Casualties 5 killed (3 Of them civilians) 104 - 133 killed (42 of them civilians) Operation Days of Penitence (In Hebrew, ×ž×‘×¦×¢ ×™×ž×™ ×ª×©×•×‘×”) was the name used by Israel to describe an Israel Defense Forces operation in the northern Gaza Strip, conducted between September 30, 2004 and October... Combatants Israel Defense Forces (Israeli Security Forces) Hamas Fatah (al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades), Popular Resistance Committees Palestinian Islamic Jihad Palestinian Army of Islam Commanders Dan Halutz (Chief of Staff) Yoav Galant (Regional) Khaled Mashal (Leader of Hamas[1])Mohammed Deif (Leader of Hamas military wing) Strength 3,000 unknown possibly... The November 2006 Beit Hanoun incident occurred on 8 November 2006 when the Israel Defense Forces, responding to Qassam rockets fired by Palestinian militants at Israeli towns shelled the Gaza Strip town of Beit Hanoun, killing 20 Palestinians and wounding more than 40. ... Combatants Hamas Fatah Commanders Ismail Haniya Khaled Meshaal Mohammed Deif Mahmoud Abbas Mohammed Dahlan Strength Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades: 15,000 Executive Force: 6,000[1][2] National Security: 30,000 Police and Preventive Security: 30,000 General Intelligence: 5,000 Presidential Guard: 4,200 Al Aqsa Martyrs... Combatants Israel (Israel Defense Forces) Hamas Popular Resistance Committees Palestinian Islamic Jihad Commanders Gabi Ashkenazi Khaled Meshaal Casualties 2 wounded 30 killed, 33 captured Palestinian civilians: 12 killed Israeli civilians: 2 killed Casualties source: Reuters The 2007 Israeli-Palestinian conflict refers to a series of battles between Palestinian militants and...

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Balfour Declaration
UN Partition Plan Resolution 181
Israeli Declaration of Independence
UN Resolution 194
UN Resolution 242
Palestinian Declaration of Independence
1991 Madrid Conference
1993 Oslo Accords
1997 Hebron Agreement
1998 Wye River Memorandum
1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum
2000 Camp David Summit
2001 Taba Summit
2002 Road map for peace
2005 Israel's unilateral disengagement plan The Hussein-McMahon Correspondence during World War I was a 1915-1916 exchange of letters between the Hejazi (the Hejaz later became part of Saudi Arabia) leader Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and Sir Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Egypt, concerning the future political status of the Arab... Zones of French and British influence and control established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement The Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 was a secret understanding between the governments of Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post-World War I influence and control in the Middle East (then... Arthur James Balfour. ... Map showing the UN Partition Plan. ... David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 [1] was passed on December 11, 1948, near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967 in the aftermath of the Six Day War. ... The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Palestinian National Council, the legislative body of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), in Algiers on 15 November 1988. ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ... Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, also known as The Hebron Protocol or Hebron Agreement, began January 7 and was concluded from January 15 to January 17, 1997 between Israel, represented by Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), represented by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat... The Wye River Memorandum was a political agreement negotiated to implement the earlier Interim Agreement of 28 September, 1995 brokered by the United States between Israel and the Palestine Authority completed on October 23, 1998. ... The Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum, full name: The Sharm el Sheikh Memorandum on Implementation Timeline of Outstanding Commitments of Agreements Signed and the Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations was a memorandum signed on September 4, 1999 by Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm... (Redirected from 2000 Camp David Summit) The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. ... The Taba summit (or: Taba Summit; Taba Talks; Taba Conference; Taba), also known as the permanent status talks at Taba between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from January 21 to January 27, 2001 at Taba in the Sinai peninsula, were peace talks aimed at reaching the final status negotiations... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (Hebrew: ×ª×•×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×ª× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or ×ª×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×™× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the Disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove all...

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