NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Osman Ali Khan

Sir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur Fateh Jung, GCSI, GBE, (April 8, 1886 – February 24, 1967) , styled His Exalted Highness the Nizam of Hyderabad, also named Fath Jang Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII, was the last Nizam (or ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad in Southern India. He ruled Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948, until its merger into the Dominion of India. Image File history File linksMetadata Nawab_Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Nawab_Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan. ... The Asafia flag of Hyderabad This article is about Hyderabad State. ... The article is about the order of chivalry known as Star of India. For other items of the same name, please see disambiguation at Star of India. ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The Nizam of Hyderabads coat of arms Nizam-ul-Mulk, commonly shortened to Nizam, was the title taken by the Asif Jahi rulers of Hyderabad state in India. ... A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The Dominion of India was a political entity that existed between August 15, 1947 and January 26, 1950. ...

During his days as Nizam, he was reputed to be the richest man in the world, even featuring on the cover of TIME magazine, portrayed as such.^[1] Look up time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Official name

His Exalted Highness Asaf Jah, Muzaffar-ul-Mulk-Wal-Mumilak, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, Fateh Jung, Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India, Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Honorable Lieutenant General in the Army, Faithful Ally of the British Government.

Personal life

Osman Ali was born in Hyderabad on April 5, 1886 at Purani Haveli in Hyderabad state, the second son of Mir Mahboob Ali Khan (Asaf Jah VI), Nizam of Hyderabad, by his first wife Amat-uz-Zahrunnisa Begum. The death of his elder brother in 1887 rendered Osman Ali the heir apparent of Hyderabad. Great attention was paid to his education, and eminent scholars were engaged to teach Osman Ali English, Urdu and Persian. He was also tutored in Islamic studies by Hafiz Anwarullah Faruqi of the Jami'ah Nizamiyyah of Hyderabad. is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This was the official residence of the Nizam. ... The Asafia flag of Hyderabad This article is about Hyderabad State. ... Mahbub Ali Khan Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur Fath Jang Mahbub Ali Khan was the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... â€œFarsiâ€ redirects here. ... Jamia Nizamia, Estd. ...

On April 14, 1906, Osman Ali married Dulhan Pasha Begum, daughter of Nawab Jahangir Jung. She was the first of his seven wives and numerous concubines, and the mother of at least the two eldest of his sons. Their eldest son, Azam Jah, was married to Durru Shehvar, daughter of Abdul Mejid II (the last Ottoman Caliph and cousin and heir of the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire). It has been suggested that through this dynastic marriage Osman Ali hoped to acquire the Caliphate for his descendants. Although he was one of the richest men in the world with his brother Nawab Sakawath Jung Bahadur, the Nizam led a very simple life. His lifestyle was frugal, verging on the miserly, and many legends about his parsimony have become apocryphal in Hyderabad. He would use the 185-carat Jacob diamond as a paperweight. Concubinage is either the state of a couple living together as lovers with no obligation created by vows, legal marriage, or religious ceremony, or the state of a woman supported by a male lover who is married to, and usually living with, someone else. ... Prince Azam Jah (b. ... Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe DÃ¼rrÃ¼hsehvar, (Khadija Khayriya Ayesha DÃ¼rrÃ¼hsehvar or Turkish: Hatice Hayriye AyÅŸe DÃ¼rrÃ¼ÅŸehvar), also known as Durru Shevar (born January 26, 1914 in Ã‡amlÄ±ca, ÃœskÃ¼dar, Ä°stanbul, Turkey â€“ died February 7, 2006) was the daughter of Abdul Mejid Efendi of... Abdul Mejid II (also with various alternate spellings, including Abd-ul-Mejid, Abdul Medjit, and, in modern Turkish, AbdÃ¼lmecit; in Arabic Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø«Ø§Ù†Ù‰ ) (lived May 29, 1868 â€“ August 23, 1944; reigned November 19, 1922 â€“ March 3, 1924) was the last Caliph of the Ottoman Dynasty, the 101st Caliph in line from... For main article see: Caliphate First of all, this system is invalid and is unlawful Islamicly. ... Sultan (Arabic: Ø³Ù„Ø·Ø§Ù†) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... â€œOttomanâ€ redirects here. ...

Ruler of Hyderabad

in February 22, 1937 called the Nizam the Richest man in the world.]] Osman Ali acceded as Nizam of Hyderabad upon the death of his father in 1911. The state of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in pre-independence India. With an area of 86,000 square miles (223,000 km²), it was roughly the size of present-day France. Its ruler, was the highest-ranking prince in India, was one of only five princes entitled to a 21-gun salute, held the unique title of "Nizam" and was created "His Exalted Highness" and "Faithful Ally of the British Crown" after World War One, in gratitude for his enormous financial contribution to the British Empire's war effort. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Look up time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Forbes magazine always lists the worlds wealthiest individuals: The Worlds Billionares. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Osman Ali was the absolute ruler of this principality. In some accounts, he is held to have been a benevolent ruler who patronized education, science and development. Indeed, compared to his predecessors, Osman Ali's 37-year rule witnessed progress: electricity, railways, roads and airways were developed, the Nizamsagar lake in Hyderabad city was excavated and some irrigation projects on the Tungabhadra river were undertaken. At a distance of about 144 km north-west of Hyderabad, a reservoir known by the name Nizamsagar was constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River, between Achampet and Banjapalle villages of the Nizamabad district in Andhra Pradesh, India. ... The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. ...

Nearly all the major public buildings in Hyderabad city, such as the Osmania General Hospital, Andhra Pradesh High Court, Asafiya Library now called as State Central Library, Town Hall now called as Assembly Hall, Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad Museum now called as State Museum and many other buildings were built during his rule. Up to 11% of the Nizam's budget was spent on education: Osmania University was founded, schools and colleges (and even a "Department for Translation") was set up. Primary education was made compulsory and provided free to poor sections of society. However, the Nizam (as also his predecessors) have been criticised for largely ignoring the native languages of the areas ruled by them, and according primacy to Urdu, a language popularly associated with Muslim culture in India. Osmania University (also known as OU in short) is a public university situated in the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. ... A primary school in ÄŒeskÃ½ TÄ›Å¡Ãn, Poland Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ...

Osman Ali donated generously to many worthy institutions in India and abroad: recipients of his largesse included educational institutions such as the Jamia Nizamia, the Darul Uloom Deoband and the Banaras Hindu University. Jamia Nizamia, Estd. ... The Darul Uloom, (dÄrul ulÅ«m devband in Hindi and Urdu) is an Islamic madrassa (seminary) famous for being the inception place of the Deobandi Islamic movement. ... Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is a major university located in Varanasi, India. ...

Osman Ali lived at King Kothi Palace since the age of 13, this palace was bought from a nobleman. He did not move to Chowmahalla Palace even after accession. Chowmahalla Palace Chowmahalla Palace was once the centre of Hyderabad. ...

Events of 1947/48

India gained its independence in 1947. At the same time, the country was partitioned on communal lines and Pakistan was carved out as a Muslim nation. The princely states were left free to make whatever arrangement they wished with either India or Pakistan. While virtually every other state acceded unto one or the other of the two countries shortly after independence, the Nizam sought to gain recognition for Hyderabad as an independent constitutional monarchy within the British Commonwealth. This proposal was rejected unambiguously by the British government. The Nizam then resolved upon exploring the possibility of independence. Towards this end, he kept up open negotiations with the government of India regarding the modalities of a future relationship while opening covert negotiations with Pakistan on a similar vein. He also concurrently encouraged the activities of the Razakars, a militant Muslim organization that was violently opposed to any agreement with the government of India. The Razakars was active in intimidating the local population and indulged in various acts of violence^{[citation needed]}. The Nizam repeatedly cited their activities as evidence that the people of the state were opposed to any agreement with India. This was held by the government of India to be untenable and disingenuous; they averred that the people of Hyderabad were in fact most anxious to effect a merger with India and were being intimidated by the Razakars in order to maintain the rule of the Nizam. The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total... Razakar is a Persian word which means volunteer. ... Razakar (Persian word, meaning volunteer) is the name of the paramilitary force organized by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. ... Razakar (Persian word, meaning volunteer) is the name of the paramilitary force organized by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. ...

Peasants of the Hyderabad state revolted against the Nizam under the leadership of Communist Party of India. The Telangana peasant armed struggle was successful in driving out local landlords called Zamindars, and distributing their land to the landless. Nizam sought the help of Razakars to suppress the armed struggle. It was a dark period in hyderabad history. Many Hindus were killed by razakars. The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. ... The Telengana Rebellion was a Communist led peasant revolt that took place in the former princely state of Hyderabad State in pre-partition India between 1946 and 1951. ... Zamindar, also known as Zemindar, Zamindari, or the Zamindari System (Persian: Ø²Ù…ÛŒÙ†Ø¯Ø§Ø±) were employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from peasants. ...

Finally, under the political leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Home Minister of India, India launched a Police Action(code-named "Operation Polo") to forcibly acquire and merge the state of Hyderabad into the Dominion of India. A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian JavÃ¢her-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 â€“ May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... Vallabhbhai Patel (Gujarati: , Hindi: ; IPA: ) (31 October 1875 â€“ 15 December 1950) was a political and social leader of India who played a major role in the countrys struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. ... Combatants Union of India State of Hyderabad Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri S.A. El Edroos #, Qasim Razvi # Strength 35,000 Indian Armed Forces 40,000 Hyderabad State Forces est. ... Combatants Union of India State of Hyderabad Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri S.A. El Edroos #, Qasim Razvi # Strength 35,000 Indian Armed Forces 40,000 Hyderabad State Forces est. ... The Dominion of India was a political entity that existed between August 15, 1947 and January 26, 1950. ...

On September 16, 1948, Indian Army moved in to Hyderabad State from five fronts. Four days later, the Hyderabad forces surrendered. The number of dead was a little over 800 : We have [V.P.] Menon's confession on P.376 of his story of the Integration of the Indian States ( Bombay: Orient Longman, 1961). The Police Action achieved success within a matter of days.

Hyderabad ceased to exist as a sovereign political entity and became a state within the Union of India. After these events, the Nizam was appointed "Rajpramukh" (constitutional, figurehead Governor) of the state by the government of India. He continued in this office until 1956, when the state was dismembered pursuant to the linguistic reorganization of states. Its territory is now distributed between the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ... ... Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from Indias independence in 1947 until 1956. ... â€œAndhraâ€ redirects here. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¤¾à¤·à¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , IPA: , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... , KarnÄtakÄ (Kannada: à²•à²¨à²¾à³¯à²Ÿà²•) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam, died on Friday, February 24, 1967. It was the end of a princely era. His funeral procession was one of the largest in Indian history, a testimony to his popularity. His Exalted Highness had willed that he be buried in the Judi Mosque that faced his fabulous residence, that is, the King Kothi Palace is his final resting place.

Notes

Contents

Official name

Personal life

Ruler of Hyderabad

Events of 1947/48

Notes

Further reading

External links