Coin of Osroes I. The date ΗΚΥ is year 428 of the Seleucid era, corresponding to 116–117.

Osroes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire c. 109–129. He succeeded his brother Pacorus II. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III based in the east of Parthia. Coin of Osroes I of Parthia. ... Coin of Osroes I of Parthia. ... Seleucus I Nicator (Nicator, the Victor) (around 358–281 BC) was one of Alexander the Greats generals who, after Alexanders death in 323 BC, founded the Seleucid Empire. ... Events Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empires eastern expansion. ... Events Emperor Trajan dies. ... Parthia empire at its greatest extent The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Persian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BC, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BC and 224 AD. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited... For other uses, see number 109. ... Events Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Diogenes to Patriarch Eleutherius. ... Pacorus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about 78 to 105. ... Coin of Vologases III. Reverse shows a seated archer carrying a bow, surrounded by meaningless Greek-like letterforms. ...

Orsoes invaded Armenia and placed first his nephew Exedares, and then his brother Parthamasiris on the Armenian throne. This enchroachment on the traditional sphere of influence of the Roman Empire— the two great empires had shared hegemony over Armenia since the time of Nero some 50 years earlier — led to a war with the Roman emperor Trajan. Roman Empire between AD 60 and 400 with major cities. ... Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (15 December 37–9 June 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called (50 - 54 AD) Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. ... Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic. ... Emperor Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called five good emperors of the Roman Empire. ...

In 113 Trajan invaded Parthia, marching first on Armenia. In 114 Parthamasiris surrendered and was killed. Trajan annexed Armenia to the Roman empire. Then he turned south into Parthia itself, taking the cities of Babylon, Seleucia and finally the capital of Ctesiphon in 116. He deposed Osroes I and put his own puppet ruler Parthamaspates on the throne. In Mesopotamia Osroes' brother Mithridates IV and his son Sanatruces II took the diadem and fought against the Romans, but Trajan marched southward to the Persian Gulf, defeated them, and declared Mesopotamia a new province of the empire. Later in 116, he crossed the Khuzestan mountains into Persia and captured the great city of Susa. Events Trajan starts an expedition against Armenia. ... Events First year of Yuanchu era of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty. ... Babylon (disambiguation). ... The name Seleucia may denote any one of several cities in the Seleucid Empire. ... Taq-i-Kasra, Ctesiphon, today. ... Events Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empires eastern expansion. ... Coin of Parthamaspates. ... Mesopotamia ( Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan the Land between the Rivers or the Aramaic name Beth-Nahrin two rivers) is a region of Southwest Asia. ... Coin of Mithridates IV. Reverse shows a seated archer holding a bow, surrounded by meaningless Greek-like letterforms and a line of Aramaic at top. ... Mesopotamia ( Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan the Land between the Rivers or the Aramaic name Beth-Nahrin two rivers) is a region of Southwest Asia. ... Persian art is conscious of a great past, and monumental in many respects. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ...

Following the death of Trajan and Roman withdrawal from the area, Osroes easily defeated Parthamaspates and reclaimed the Persian throne. Hadrian acknowedged this fait accompli, recognized Osroes, Parthamaspates king of Osroene, and returned Osroes' daughter who had been taken prisoner by Trajan. Emperor Hadrian Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 - July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was Roman emperor from 117 - 138, and member of the gens Aelia Hadrian was born in Italica, Hispania, to a well-established settler family. ...

It seems that the conflict with Rome had weakened Osroes and strengthened his vival Vologases — from about 121 there are few coins of the former and many of the latter. For other uses, see number 121. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Dio Cassius, lxviii, 17–33.
• John Malalas, Chronographia.
• Aelius Spartianus, Vita Hadrian, v, 13.
• Pausanias, v, 12.