This article is about osteopathy in the United States. For osteopathy (alternative medicine) in other countries, see osteopathy. - DO also can refer to Dissolved Oxygen or to Denominación de Origen.
Within the United States, Osteopathic medicine is a form of medical training and practice that provides all of the benefits of modern medicine including prescription drugs, surgery, and the use of technology to diagnose disease and evaluate injury. It also offers hands-on diagnosis and treatment through a system of therapy known as osteopathic manipulative medicine. Osteopathic Medicine emphasizes helping each person achieve a high level of wellness by focusing on health education, injury prevention and disease prevention.[1] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about osteopathy outside the United States. ...
Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium. ...
Denominación de origen is an appellation for Spanish wines. ...
As with Doctors of Medicine (M.D.s), D.O.s educated in the United States are fully licensed physicians and surgeons who practice the full scope of medicine. Currently, there are 27 accredited osteopathic medical schools[2] in the United States and 125 accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools.[3] D.O.'s may be found within any medical specialty but a majority of them work within primary care medical fields. The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a doctorate level degree held by medical doctors. ...
Licensure refers to the granting of a license (in the US, whilst, elsewhere the term registration is used), usually to work in a particular profession. ...
The Doctor by Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, one type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor. ...
A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ...
medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ...
As of February 2007, there are 23 AOA-accredited osteopathic medical schools, three of which have branch campuses in another state: A T Still University in Kirksville, Missouri has one in Mesa, Arizona; Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has one in Suwanee, Georgia; and Lake Erie College...
The term allopathic medicine is used by adherents of alternative medicine to refer to any form of mainstream medicine. ...
Osteopaths educated in countries outside of the U.S. do not follow the same curriculum as U.S.-trained D.O.s. Their scope of practice is limited mainly to musculoskeletal conditions and treatment of some other conditions using OMM and various alternative medicine methods. The human musculoskeletal system is the musculoskeletal system that gives us the ability to move. ...
Alternative medicine is defined as any of various systems of healing or treating disease (as chiropractic, homeopathy naturopathic, or faith healing) not included in the traditional medical curricula taught in the United States and Britain.[1] Complementary medicine is defined as any of the practices (as acupuncture) of alternative medicine...
Training of Osteopathic Physicians D.O. and M.D.-granting U.S. medical schools have similar curricula. Generally, the first two years are classroom-based, while the third and fourth years consist of clinical rotations through the major specialties of medicine. In education, a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses and their contents offered by an institution such as a school or university. ...
Upon graduation from medical school, both D.O. and M.D. physicians may opt to pursue residency training programs. Depending on state licensing laws, osteopathic medical physicians may also be required to complete a one-year rotating internship at a hospital approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). Osteopathic physicians are not limited to osteopathic residency programs and may also apply to allopathic Graduate Medical Education programs. Residency is a stage of postgraduate medical training in North America and leads to eligibility for board certification in a primary care or referral specialty. ...
For information about a medical intern, see the article on Medical residency. ...
There are currently 24 osteopathic medical schools in the United States that graduate more than 4,000 students every year.
History Osteopathy was founded by Andrew Taylor Still M.D. (1828 - 1917) in 1874 in reaction to what he perceived as inadequate medical treatment of his day. Specifically, he believed that other conventionally trained physicians over-prescribed to patients harsh and often toxic medications. Dr. Andrew Taylor Still (1828-1917) is considered the father of osteopathic medicine. ...
It has been suggested that Blockbuster drug be merged into this article or section. ...
He intended his new system of medicine to be a reformation of the existing 19th century medical practices he knew and imagined that someday "rational medical therapy" would consist of manipulation of the musculoskeletal system, surgery, and very sparingly used drugs. He invented the name "osteopathy" by blending two Greek roots osteon- for bone and -pathos for suffering in order to communicate his theory that disease and physiologic dysfunction were etiologically grounded in a disordered musculoskeletal system. Thus, by diagnosing and treating the musculoskeletal system, he believed that physicians could treat a variety of diseases and spare patients the negative side-effects of drugs. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Rational may be: the adjective for the state of rationality acting according to the philosophical principles of rationalism a mathematical term for certain numbers; the rational numbers the software company Rational Software; now owned by IBM, and formerly Rational Software Corporation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid...
Many drugs are provided in tablet form. ...
The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ...
The term disease refers to an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs function. ...
Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. ...
Early in the twentieth century, the American osteopathic profession adopted the use of medicine and surgery. As biomedical science developed, osteopathic medicine gradually incorporated all its proven theories and practices. D.O.'s have been admitted to full active membership in the American Medical Association since 1969. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ...
Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ...
The American Medical Association (AMA) is the largest association of medical doctors in the United States. ...
Becoming accepted into the medical community was not without struggle. In the 1960s in California, the American Medical Association (AMA), sensing increased competition from osteopathic medicine, spent nearly $ 8 million to end the practice of osteopathy in the state. With considerable financial support from the AMA, a state-wide referendum was passed (Proposition 22) ending the practice of osteopathic medicine in California. California D.O.s were offered the M.D. degree in exchange for paying $65 and attending a short seminar. The California Medical Association may have been attempting to eliminate osteopathic competition by a process of amalgamation by converting thousands of D.O.s to M.D.s. The College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons became the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine. However, the decision proved quite controversial. In 1974, after protest and lobbying by influential and prominent D.O.s, the California Supreme Court ruled that licensing of D.O.s in that state must be resumed. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
The American Medical Association (AMA) is the largest association of medical doctors in the United States. ...
United States one-dollar bill Canadian one-dollar coin (Loonie) One New Taiwan dollar Australian one-dollar coin 500 old Zimbabwean dollars The dollar (often represented by the dollar sign: $) is the name of the official currency in several countries, dependencies and other regions. ...
This article is about osteopathy outside the United States. ...
Competition is the act of striving against another force for the purpose of achieving dominance or attaining a reward or goal, or out of a biological imperative such as survival. ...
The University of California, Irvine is a public research university primarily situated in suburban Irvine, California, USA; a significant portion of the campus falls into the neighboring community of Newport Beach. ...
1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
The Supreme Court of California is the state supreme court in California. ...
 College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons in Los Angeles, c.1920s. From California College of Medicine Records, AS-027 The osteopathic college was eventually absorbed into the University of California system following a state-wide ballot referendum and became the UC Irvine Medical Center. This decision by the California Medical Association in the 1960s to grant D.O. physicians an M.D. license was one of two turning points for D.O.s in their early struggle for parity; the other being the U.S. Army's decision to allow D.O.s to enter the military as physicians. These two turning points provided the osteopathic community with the stamp of equivalency they desired. Image File history File links COPSLA2. ...
Image File history File links COPSLA2. ...
Berkeley Davis Irvine Los Angeles Merced San Diego Santa Barbara Santa Cruz UC Office of the President in Oakland The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ...
The University of California, Irvine Medical Center (or UCI Medical Center) is a major research hospital located in the City of Orange. ...
The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
Look up Parity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Parity is a concept of equality of status or functional equivalence. ...
The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...
A community usually refers to a sociological group in a large place or collections of plant or animal organisms sharing an environment. ...
Today, except for a stronger primary care emphasis in most osteopathic medical schools and additional education in musculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment, the training and scope of osteopathic medicine practiced by D.O.'s in the United States is identical to that of allopathic medicine as practiced by M.D.'s. Primary care may be provided in community health centres. ...
The term allopathic medicine is used by adherents of alternative medicine to refer to any form of mainstream medicine. ...
Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning Teacher of Medicine,) is an academic degree for medical doctors. ...
Current status and scope of practice There are approximately 55,000 D.O.s practicing within the United States. This number represents only 6% of all practicing physicians. D.O.'s may obtain licensure in any of the fifty states and practice in all medical specialties including, but not limited to, family medicine, internal medicine, emergency medicine, dermatology, surgery, and radiology. The D.O. degree is the legal and professional equivalent of the M.D. degree. There is no difference in compensation between allopathic and osteopathic physicians. Physician salaries do differ among the various medical specialties. Doctors of internal medicine (internists) are medical specialists who focus on adult medicine and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. ...
Dermatology (from Greek derma, skin) is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc). ...
A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ...
Image A: A normal chest X-ray. ...
This article is about law in society. ...
A professional can be either a person in a profession (certain types of skilled work requiring formal training / education) or in sports (a sportsman / sportwoman doing sports for payment). ...
Salary is a form of periodic payment specified in an employment contract. ...
Outside the U.S., Osteopaths are usually limited to practicing manipulative medicine-- similar to the scope of Chiropractors or Physical Therapists within the United States.
Criticisms The majority of osteopathic medical school graduates go on to specialize in family medicine, a trend that has resulted in osteopathic medical schools being criticized for being less focused on research and scientific discovery and more focused on practical application than allopathic medical schools. More recently, osteopathic medical schools have consciously worked toward becoming more research-focused. Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. ...
Osteopathic medicine has been both criticized and applauded for offering non-traditional and alternative therapies such as cranial and cranio-sacral manipulation along with traditional medical treatment options. This expanded scope of practice has lead to some question as to the therapeutic utility of osteopathic manipulative treatment modalities. The scientific merit of all manipulative therapies continues to be controversial. Within the osteopathic medical curriculum, manipulative treatment is taught as an adjunctive measure to other biomedical interventions for a number of disorders and diseases. The American Osteopathic Association has made an effort in recent years to both support and promote scientific inquiry into the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulation as well as encourage D.O.s to consistently offer manipulative treatments to their patients. However, the number of D.O.s who report consistently prescribing and performing manipulative treatment has been falling steadily. The reasons for this are not known, but are believed to be related to changes in the general financing and delivery of health care, fewer D.O.s training in exclusively osteopathic post-graduate residency training programs, and a lack of perceived relevance to a number of specialties and sub-specialties pursued by D.O.s. It has been suggested that some sections of this article be split into a new article entitled Cranial osteopathy. ...
For the Wikipedia policy regarding controversial issues in articles, see Wikipedia:Guidelines for controversial articles. ...
American Osteopathic Association Founded in 1898 in Kirksville, MO, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) is the representative organization for osteopathic physicians in the United States. ...
Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions. ...
Residency is a stage of postgraduate medical training in North America and leads to eligibility for board certification in a primary care or referral specialty. ...
 In Greek and Roman mythology, the gods Hermes and Mercury carried a staff with two serpents. In contrast, the Roman god of healing, Aesculapius, carried a staff with a single snake. Snakes were sacred to Aesculapius because it was believed that they could renew their youth by shedding their old skin and growing a new one. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Image File history File links DO_logo. ...
Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles, found at the Heraion, Olympia, 1877 Hermes (Greek, , IPA: ), in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators and wit, of literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures...
A sculpture of the Roman god Mercury by 17th-century Flemish artist Artus Quellinus. ...
Asclepius was the god of medicine and healing in ancient Greek mythology, according to which he was born a mortal but was given immortality as the constellation Ophiuchus after his death. ...
See also As of February 2007, there are 23 AOA-accredited osteopathic medical schools, three of which have branch campuses in another state: A T Still University in Kirksville, Missouri has one in Mesa, Arizona; Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has one in Suwanee, Georgia; and Lake Erie College...
This list of medical schools in the United States includes major academic institutions in the U.S. that award either the doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathy degrees. ...
medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ...
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (abbreviated as OMM) is a manual modality of treatment used to improve the impaired or altered function of the musculo-skeletal system (somatic dysfunction). ...
References For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
August 23 is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Further reading - The DOs: Osteopathic Medicine in America, Norman Gevitz, 2004 (2nd Edition), paperback, 264 pages, The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-7834-9 (An excellent review of the history and development of ostepathic medicine and medical education in the United States)
- Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Models, Caroline Stone, Nelson Thornes, 1999, paperback, 384 pages, ISBN 0-7487-3328-0
- An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment , Eileen DiGiovanna, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004, hardback, 600 pages, ISBN 0-7817-4293-5
External links
US Osteopathic associations and regulatory bodies American Osteopathic Association Founded in 1898 in Kirksville, MO, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) is the representative organization for osteopathic physicians in the United States. ...
The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) is central to osteopathic medical education in the United States. ...
Journals
Other links | Health science > medicine | | General | Advance practice nursing • Chiropractic medicine • Audiology • Dentistry • Dietetics • Emergency medical services • Epidemiology • Medical technology • Midwifery • Nursing • Occupational therapy • Optometry • Pharmacy • Physical therapy (Physiotherapy) • Physician (M.D. and D.O.) • Physician assistant • Podiatry • Psychology • Public health • Respiratory therapy • Speech and language pathology The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society with the highest impact factor for a general medical journal. ...
Quackwatch Inc. ...
Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ...
medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ...
Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are Registered Nurses with advanced education, knowledge, skills, and scope of practice. ...
Chiropractic, also known as chiropractic care, is a world-wide health discipline that seeks to prevent and treat health problems utilizing spinal adjustments in order to correct subluxations. ...
Audiology is the branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and their disorders. ...
A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ...
Dietitians are experts in food and nutrition. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. ...
Category: Possible copyright violations ...
// Midwifery is the term traditionally used to describe the art of assisting a woman through childbirth. ...
Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, re-attaining, and maintaining optimal health and functioning. ...
Occupational therapy refers to the use of meaningful occupations to assist people who have difficulty in achieving occupationally balanced lives. ...
Optometry (Greek: optos meaning seen or visible and metria meaning measurement) is a health care profession concerned with examination, diagnosis, and treatment of the eyes and related structures and with determination and correction of vision problems using lenses and other optical aids [1]. An optical refractor (also called a foropter...
For other uses, see Pharmacy (disambiguation). ...
Physical therapy (or physiotherapy[1]) is the provision of services to people and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. ...
The Doctor by Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, one type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor. ...
Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning Teacher of Medicine,) is an academic degree for medical doctors. ...
In the United States, Physician Assistants (PAs) are non-physician clinicians licensed to practice medicine with a physicians supervision. ...
Podiatry is a field of healthcare devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and sometimes knee, leg and hip (collectively known as the lower extremity). ...
Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is an academic / applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior of humans and animals. ...
Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ...
Respiratory therapy is categorized as an allied health profession in the United States and Canada. ...
// The practice of speech-language pathology includes prevention, diagnosis, habilitation, and rehabilitation of communication, swallowing, or other upper aerodigestive disorders; elective modification of communication behaviors; and enhancement of communication. ...
| | Physician specialties | Anesthesiology • Dermatology • Emergency medicine • General practice (Family medicine) • Internal medicine • Neurology • Nuclear medicine • Obstetrics and gynecology • Occupational medicine • Ophthalmology • Pathology • Pediatrics • Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry) • Preventive medicine • Psychiatry • Radiation oncology • Radiology • Surgery Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ...
Dermatology (from Greek derma, skin) is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc). ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Doctors of internal medicine (internists) are medical specialists who focus on adult medicine and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. ...
Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. ...
Shown above is the bone scintigraphy of a young woman. ...
Obstetrics and gynaecology (often abbreviated Ob-Gyn in the US and O&G elsewhere) form a single medical specialty and have a combined postgraduate training program. ...
// What is occupational medicine Occupational medicine is the branch of clinical medicine most active in the field of occupational health. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ...
Clinical Examination Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (from newborn to age 16-21, depending on the country). ...
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) or physiatry is a branch of medicine dealing with functional restoration of a person affected by physical disability. ...
A 1930 Soviet poster propagating breast care. ...
Psychiatry is a medical specialty dealing with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mind and mental illness. ...
Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). ...
Image A: A normal chest X-ray. ...
A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ...
| | Medical subspecialties | Allergy and immunology • Cardiology • Endocrinology • Gastroenterology • Hematology • Infectious disease • Intensive care medicine (Critical care medicine) • Medical genetics • Nephrology • Oncology • Pulmonology • Rheumatology This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ...
A diagram of a heart with an ECG indicator; diagrams like this are used in Cardiology. ...
Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ...
Gastroenterology or gastrology is the medical specialty concerned with digestive diseases. ...
Hematology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood and its disorders. ...
This false-colored electron micrograph shows a malaria sporozoite migrating through the midgut epithelia. ...
“Intensive Care†redirects here. ...
Medical Genetics is the application of genetics to medicine. ...
Nephrology is the branch of internal medicine dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney. ...
Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer) and seeks to understand their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. ...
In medicine, pulmonology (aka pneumology) is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract. ...
Rheumatology, a subspecialty of internal medicine, is devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. ...
| | Surgical subspecialties | Cardiac surgery • General surgery • Hand surgery • Neurosurgery • Oral and maxillofacial surgery • Orthopaedic surgery • Otolaryngology (ENT) • Pediatric surgery • Plastic surgery • Surgical oncology • Thoracic surgery • Transplant surgery • Trauma surgery • Urology • Vascular surgery Cardiac surgery is surgery on the heart, typically to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (e. ...
A surgeon operating General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e. ...
The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder). ...
Insertion of an electrode during neurosurgery for Parkinsons disease. ...
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. ...
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (BE: orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic and recurrent injuries and other disorders of the locomotor system, its musclular and bone parts. ...
Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders. ...
Pediatric surgery (sometimes spelled paediatric surgery) is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. ...
“Facial reconstruction†redirects here. ...
Surgical Oncology is the branch of surgery which focuses on the surgical managment of malignant neoplasms (cancer). ...
In medicine, the field of (cardio)thoracic surgery is involved in the surgical treatment of diseases affecting the heart (cardiovascular disease) and lungs (lung disease). ...
An organ transplant is the transplantation of an organ (or part of one) from one body to another, for the purpose of replacing the recipients damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor. ...
It has been suggested that Traumatology be merged into this article or section. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Vascular surgery is the branch of surgery that occupies itself with surgical interventions of arteries and veins, as well as conservative therapies for disease of the peripheral vascular system. ...
| |
Feeds |
Contact