Osteopontin is a glycoprotein first identified in 1986 in osteoblasts. The prefix of the word "osteo" indicates that the protein is expressed in bone, where it is a one of the extracellular structual proteins, that constitutes the organic part of bone. Synonyms for this protein include sialoprotein I and 44K BPP (bone phosphoprotein). A glycoprotein is a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (a sugar). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An osteoblast (from the Greek words for bone and to build) is a mononucleate cell that produces a protein that produces osteoid. ... Grays illustration of a human femur, a typically recognized bone. ...

The gene has 7 exons, spans 5 kilobases in length and is located on the long arm of human chromosome 8. The protein is composed of ~300 amino acids residues and has ~30 carbohydrate residues attached including 10 sialic acid residues. The crbohydrate residues are attached to the protein during its residence in the Golgi apperatus. The protein is rich in acidic residues: 30-36% are either aspartic or glutamic acid. The exon portion of a DNA strand encodes a specific portion of a protein. ...

Osteopontin is synthesized by a variety of tissue types including preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, extraosseous cells in the inner ear, brain, kidney, deciduum, placenta, odontoblasts, some bone marrow cells, hypertrophic chondrocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Synthesis of osteopontin is stimulated by calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3). An osteoblast (from the Greek words for bone and to build) is a mononucleate cell that produces a protein that produces osteoid. ... A human ear An ear is the organ used by a human or an animal to detect sound waves. ... Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... The placenta is an ephemeral (temporary) organ present only in female placental mammals during gestation (pregnancy). ... An odontoblast is a biological cell that is part of the outer surface of the dental pulp, and whose biological function is dentinogenesis, which is the creation of dentin, the substance under the tooth enamel. ... Grays Anatomy illustration of cells in bone marrow. ... Chondrocytes are the cells of cartilage. ... Macrophages (Greek: big eaters) are cells found in tissues that are responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. ... Smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of hollow organs; such as blood vessels, bladders, uteri. ... The endothelium is the layer of thin, flat cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. ... Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...

The organic part of bone is about 20% of the dry weight, and counts in, other than osteopontin, collagen type I, osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone sialo protein and alkaline phosphatase. Collagen type I counts for 90% of the protein mass. The inorganic part of bone is the mineral hydroxyapatite, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. It is loss of this mineral that leads to osteoporosis, as the bone is depleated for calcium if this is not supplied in the diet. Tropocollagen triple helix. ... Osteocalcin is a protein found in bone and dentin; that plays a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis ... Bone sialo protein is also known as BSP, it is one of the proteins for gene expression of bone Categories: Biology stubs ... Alkaline phosphatase, drawn from PDB 1ANI. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3. ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is changed. ...

Osteopontin is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma and mesothelioma. It may contribute to kidney stone formation and both glomeronephritis and tubalointerstitial nephritis and is also found in atheromatous plaques within arteries. When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterized by the presence of malignant tumours. ... Breast cancer is cancer of breast tissue. ... Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. ... Stomach cancer (also called gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs, particularly the esophagus, small intestine. ... Ovarian cancer is a malignant ovarian neoplasm (an abnormal growth located on the ovaries). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiases, urolithiases or renal calculi, are solid accretions (crystals) of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys or ureters. ... Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ...