East Frisia (Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... German Germany is a federation of 16 states called Länder (singular Land) or unofficially Bundesländer (singular Bundesland, German federal state). Each Land is represented at the federal level in the Bundesrat. The 16 Länder are: Baden-Württemberg Bavaria (Bayern) Berlin (city-state) Brandenburg Bremen (city-state) Hamburg... federal state of With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). In rural areas Low Saxon is still spoken, but declining so... Lower Saxony. It connects This article is about the province Friesland in the Netherlands. For information on the region extending from the Netherlands to Denmark, see Frisia. For the district of Friesland in the German state of Lower Saxony, see Friesland (district). West Friesland is part of North Holland and not of the province... Western Frisia (in the The Netherlands ( Dutch: Nederland) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). The Netherlands is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, located in northwestern Europe. It borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the... Netherlands) with the districts of Dithmarschen is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Rendsburg-Eckernförde and Steinburg, by the state of Lower Saxony (district of Stade, of which it is separated by the Elbe river), and by the North... Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland (literally Northern Frisia) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland. History There has always been a strong influence of the sea in the... Nordfriesland ("Northern Frisia") in Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. The Danish language name is Slesvig-Holsten, the Low Saxon language name is Historically the name refers to a larger region, containing present day Schleswig-Holstein and the county of South Jutland in Denmark Geography Schleswig-Holstein lies... Schleswig-Holstein.

Ostfriesland consists of the districts of Aurich is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the North Sea, the districts of Wittmund and Leer, and the city of Emden. History The history of the district is linked with the history of the region of Ostfriesland. The district was... Aurich, Leer is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the city of Emden, the districts of Aurich, Wittmund, Friesland, Ammerland, Cloppenburg and Emsland, and by the Netherlands. History For the history prior to 1744 see Ostfriesland. In 1744 Ostfriesland was annexed by... Leer, Wittmund is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in Ostfriesland (Eastern Frisia). Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Friesland, Leer and Aurich. Geography The district is located at the short to the North Sea. The coastal areas of the mainland are... Wittmund and Friesland is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Wesermarsch, Ammerland, Leer and Wittmund, and by the North Sea. The city of Wilhelmshaven is enclosed by, but not part of the district. History Friesland was ruled by local chieftains... Friesland, as well as of the cities of Map of Germany showing the location of Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2001, the city had a total population of 50,253. Geography Satellite image of the Ems... Emden and Wilhelmshaven is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the western coast of the Jadebusen, which is a bay of the North Sea. Population: 89,000 (1999). History Wilhelmshaven is a relatively young city by German standards. In need of a naval base for Prussias developing... Wilhelmshaven. (The district of Friesland is culturally and historically distinct, but belongs nonetheless to the geographical region called East Frisia.)

There is a chain of islands in front of the coast, called the The East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln) are a chain of islands in the North Sea, off the coast of Lower Saxony, Germany. The seven inhabited islands are, from west to east: Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog, Spiekeroog and Wangerooge. Borkum belongs to the district of Leer; Juist, Norderney and... East Frisian Islands (Ostfriesische Inseln). These islands are (from west to east) Borkum is an island in the Leer District in Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany. It has an area of about 30.6 km² (11.84 sq miles)and a population of about 5,587. Borkum is bordered to the west by the Westereems strait (which forms the border with the Netherlands... Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog, Spiekeroog and Wangerooge. A German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. It is spoken... German verse to remember the first letters of the islands from east to west is Welcher Seemann liegt bei Nanni im Bett (which seaman lies in bed with Nanni).

Economy

East Frisia today is one of the poorest areas of Germany with low industrialization and a large amount of people without work. The economy mainly depends on agriculture, farming and tourism. Main industrial sites are the harbour towns of Map of Germany showing the location of Emden Emden is a city and seaport in the northwest of Germany, on river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia; in 2001, the city had a total population of 50,253. Geography Satellite image of the Ems... Emden and Wilhelmshaven is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the western coast of the Jadebusen, which is a bay of the North Sea. Population: 89,000 (1999). History Wilhelmshaven is a relatively young city by German standards. In need of a naval base for Prussias developing... Wilhelmshaven. The largest industrial complex is the Volkswagen (VW) is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. It forms the core of VAG, one of the worlds four biggest car producers. Origins in 1930s Germany A Volkswagen factory at Wolfsburg, Germany in 2003. The origins of the company date back to 1930s Nazi Germany, and the... Volkswagen car factory in Emden. Map of Germany showing Leer Leer is a town in the Leer District in northwestern Germany on the border to the Netherlands, located at the river Ems. It has a railroad connection with the Netherlands: to Groningen. Its population is about 35,000 inhabitants. Politics Since its establishment the city... Leer is after This article is about the city in Germany. For other articles subjects named Hamburg, see Hamburg (disambiguation). Hamburg is Germanys second largest city (after Berlin) and its principal port. The official name Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg recalls its membership in the mediæval Hanseatic League and the fact that... Hamburg the second most important location of For the internet phenomenon of involvement with fictional romance, see Shipping (fandom). Shipping is the transport of cargo between seaports by ships, typically large steel vessels powered by diesel engines or steam turbine plants. Ships are extremely expensive. Types of ships involved Container ships / Box boats Tankers Crude Oil Product... shipping companies.

In earlier years, many people left East Frisia for reasons of poverty and emigrated to the United States or elsewhere. Today the region is again suffering from the loss of young educated people, who go away to find better employment in, for example, southern Germany. Many communities face a rising number of aged people as a source for structural problems in the future.

History

The geographical region of East Frisia was inhabited in paleolithic times by reindeer hunters of the Hamburg culture. Later there were mesolithic and neolithic settlements of various cultures leading up to the invasion of Introduction The term Germanic peoples or Germanic tribes applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. The Germanic tribes spoke mutually intelligible dialects and shared a common mythology (see Norse Mythology) and story telling as testified by for instance Beowulf and the Volsunga saga. The existence of a common identity... Germanic tribes belonging to the Also referred to as Ingaevones, North Sea Germans (Ingwäonen, Nordsee-Germanen in German). West Germanic cultural group or proto-tribe along the North Sea coast. Their name comes from Tacitus’ Germania (c. 98 CE) who categorized them as one of the three tribes descended from the three sons... Ingvaeonic group. Those were The Chauci was a numerous tribe inhabiting the extreme northwestern shore of Germany during Roman times - basically the stretch of coast between Frisia in the west to the Elbe estuary in the east. By the end of the 3rd century CE, they had merged with the Saxons : whether this... Chauci and The Roman historian Tacitus, in his Germania, mentioned the Frisians among people he grouped together as the Ingvaeones. Their territory followed the coast of the North Sea from the mouth of the Rhine river up to that of the Ems, their eastern border according to Ptolemys Geographica. Pliny the... Frisians. The region between the rivers EMS may stand for: Eastern Mountain Sports, an outdoor retailer The Edinburgh Mathematical Society Electromagnetic Spectrum Electronic Manual Special, a special edition Saab 99 automobile Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd Element management system (telecommunications) Emergency medical service EMS Group or Ems-Chemie Energy Management Systems Engine Management System Engineering Music... Ems and Weser watershed The Weser is a river of north-western Germany. Formed at Hannoversch Münden by the joining of the Fulda and Werra rivers, it flows through Bremen to the North Sea, and has a length of 440 km. Together with the Werra, its length is 730 km. The... Weser was inhabited by the Chauks, who were partly displaced by Frisian expansion after about 500, and were later partially absorbed into the Frisian society. After the second Christian century there is no mention of the Chauks. This article is about the Saxons, a Germanic people. For other uses of the term, see Saxon (disambiguation). The Saxons were a large and powerful Germanic people located in what is now northwestern Germany and the eastern Netherlands (but not in the area that is known as Saxony today). They... Saxons also settled the region and the East Frisian population of later times is based on a mixture of Frisian and Saxon elements. Nevertheless, the Frisian element is predominant in the coastal area, while the population of the higher Geest area expresses more Saxon influence.

In the middle ages people could only settle on the higher situated Geest areas or by erecting so-called "Warften" (artificial hills to protect the settlement, whether a single farming estate or a whole village, against the The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. A bay of the North Sea is Skagerrak, between... North Sea floods) in the marsh-areas.

In about For other uses, see number 1000. Events World Population 300 million. Gunpowder invented in China. Scandinavia, Iceland and Hungary Christianized. Stephen I becomes King of Hungary. Sancho III of Navarre becomes King of Aragon, Navarre, and Castile. Leif Ericson lands in North America, calling it Vinland. Sweyn I establishes Norway... 1000 the Frisians started building the large dikes along the North Sea shore. This had a great effect on establishing a feeling of national identity and independence. Until the late Middle Ages Ostfriesland resisted the attempts of German states to conquer the coasts. The first proven historical event was the arrival of a The Roman Empire is not the Holy Roman Empire (843-1806). Roman Empire between AD 60 and 400 with major cities. During this time only Dacia and Mesopotamia were added to the Empire but were lost before 300. The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman... Roman fleet under Decimus or Nero Claudius Drusus, usually called simply Drusus or Drusus I (38 - 9 BC) was the younger son of Livia, wife of Augustus Caesar, and her first husband, Tiberius Claudius Nero. However he was born shortly after Livia had divorced him and married Augustus. So rumors suspected Augustus to... Drusus in Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC... 12 BC; the ships sailed into the course of the EMS may stand for: Eastern Mountain Sports, an outdoor retailer The Edinburgh Mathematical Society Electromagnetic Spectrum Electronic Manual Special, a special edition Saab 99 automobile Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd Element management system (telecommunications) Emergency medical service EMS Group or Ems-Chemie Energy Management Systems Engine Management System Engineering Music... Ems river and returned.

The period after prehistory can only be reconstructed from archaelogical evidence. Access to the early history of Ostfriesland is possible in part through archaelogy and in part through the studying of external sources such as Roman documents. The information becomes clearer by early Carolingian time, when a Frisian kingdom united the whole area from present-day West Frisia (the Dutch provinces of This article is about the province Friesland in the Netherlands. For information on the region extending from the Netherlands to Denmark, see Frisia. For the district of Friesland in the German state of Lower Saxony, see Friesland (district). West Friesland is part of North Holland and not of the province... Friesland and Groningen is the northeast province of the Netherlands with a typical dialect (Gronings) with regional nuances. In the east it borders the German region Niedersachsen, in the south with Drenthe, in the west with Fryslân and in the north the Wadden Sea. Land use in Groningen is mainly agricultural... Groningen and part of North Holland: (Dutch: Noord-Holland) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the northwest part of the country. Its capital is Haarlem. Other cities include the countrys capital Amsterdam, Hilversum, Alkmaar and Zaandam. Geography: North Holland forms a peninsula between the North Sea and the IJsselmeer. More than... North Holland) throughout East Frisia up to the river Weser watershed The Weser is a river of north-western Germany. Formed at Hannoversch Münden by the joining of the Fulda and Werra rivers, it flows through Bremen to the North Sea, and has a length of 440 km. Together with the Werra, its length is 730 km. The... Weser. It was ruled by kings like the famous Several kings named Radbod (Frisian Redbod) were king of the Frisians, (dux in the Merovingian chronicles). Their descendant was Saint Radbod. First attempts to Christianize and dominate Frisia Under the protection of the Frankish king Dagobert I (622 - 638), the Christian missionaries Amandus (St. Amand) and Eligius (St. Eloi) attempted... Radbod whose known names were still mentioned in folk tales until recent times. Frisia was a short-lived kingdom, and it was crushed by Pippin of Herstal ( Pépin), also known as Pippin the Younger, (b. 635 or 640 - December 16, 714). He was the grandson of Pippin the Elder from the marriage of Ansegisel and Begga, the daughter of the Elder. As the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy from... Pippin of Herstal in Events Battle of Coronate: The army of Cunincpert, king of the Lombards, defeat the followers of the usurper Alahis on the Adda River. Births Deaths Categories: 689 ... 689. East Frisia then became part of the Statue of Charlemagne (also called Karl der Große, Charles the Great) in Frankfurt, Germany. The Franks formed one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that covers most of modern-day France and... Frankish Empire. Charles the Great then divided East Frisia into two counties. At this time, For other uses of the term Christian, see Christian (disambiguation). Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. Although Christians are monotheistic, the one God is thought, by most Christians, to exist in... Christianization by the missionaries Liudger and Willehad started; one part of East Frisia became a part of the diocese of For other uses, see Bremen (disambiguation). Missing image Map of Germany showing Bremen Weser watershed Bremen [ˈbreːmən] is a city in northern Germany (official name: Freie Hansestadt Bremen, referring to its membership in the medieval Hanseatic League) situated along the river Weser. Bremen is one... Bremen, the other the diocese of Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. Population: 269.105 (30.06.2003), area 302.83 km². In 2003, Münster hosted... Münster.

With the decay of the Carolingian empire, East Frisia lost its former bindings, and a unity of independent self-governed districts established. Their elections were held every year to chose the "Redjeven" (councillors), who had to be judges as well as administrators or governors. This system prevented the establishment of a feudalistic system in East Frisia during mediaeval times. Frisians regarded themselves as free people not obliged to any foreign authority. This period os called the time of the "Friesische Freiheit" (Frisian freedom) and is represented by the still well-known salute " Eala Freya Fresena is a Frisian proverb, roughly translated as Oh, you free Frisians!, but correct it means Get up Free Frisian! and reverses the feudal kneel down procedure. It was spoken at the Upstalsboom in Aurich where Frisian representatives met in spring and it is answered in low saxon... Eala Freya Fresena" (Get Up, Free Frisian!) that affirmed the non-existence of any feudality. Frisian representatives of the many districts of the seven coastal areas of Frisia met once a year at the Upstalsboom, a place at Rahe (near This is an article about the city Aurich. For the district of Aurich, see Aurich (district). Aurichs coat-of-arms. Aurich is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the Kreisstadt, or capital, of the district of Aurich. As of 2002, it has a population of 41,321... Aurich).

During the 14th century the Redjeven constitution happened to decay. Catastrophies and epidemics such as pestilence intensified the process of destabilizing. This gave a chance to influential family-clans to establish a new rule. As chieftains (in Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Nedersaksisch, Neddersassisch, Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of Low German dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands. Plattdüütsch is the name for both the Low Saxon and the East Low German language. Since 1994 Low Saxon has been... Low Saxon: "hovedlinge"; in German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. It is spoken... High German: "Häuptlinge") they took over the control over villages, cities, or regions in East Frisia; however, they still did not establish a feudal system as it was known in the rest of World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is conventionally considered a continent, which, in this case, is more of a cultural distinction than a geographic one. ( National Geographic, however, officially recognises... Europe. Instead, the system implemented in Frisia was a system of followship which has some similarity to older forms of rule known from Germanic cultures of the North. There was a specific relation of dependence between the inhabitants of the ruled area and the chieftain, but the people retained their individual freedom and could move where they wanted.

The Frisians controlled the mouth of the EMS may stand for: Eastern Mountain Sports, an outdoor retailer The Edinburgh Mathematical Society Electromagnetic Spectrum Electronic Manual Special, a special edition Saab 99 automobile Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd Element management system (telecommunications) Emergency medical service EMS Group or Ems-Chemie Energy Management Systems Engine Management System Engineering Music... Ems river and threatened the ships coming down the river. For this reason the state of This page is about Oldenburg in the German state of Lower Saxony. There is also a town Oldenburg in Holstein (at the Baltic Sea), the district of Oldenburg, the historical state and former Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the ducal and royal House of Oldenburg and Oldenburg, Indiana. In addition to... Oldenburg made several attempts to subjugate East Frisia during the (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Events Song dynasty loses power... 12th century. Thanks to the swampy terrain, the Frisian peasants defeated the Oldenburgian armies every time. In Events Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi in Finland. The Privilegium Minus elevates Austria to the status of a duchy ruled by... 1156 even Henry the Lion (face of statue on his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral) Henry the Lion (1129/1131 - August 6, 1195; in German, Heinrich der Löwe) was Duke of Saxony as Henry III since 1142, and Duke of Bavaria as Henry XII since 1156, both until 1180. He was the... Henry the Lion failed to conquer the region. The conflicts lasted for the next few centuries. In the 14th century Oldenburg had given up all plans to conquer Ostfriesland, restricting their attacks to irregular invasions, killing the livestock and returning.

The East Frisian chieftains used to provide shelter for pirates like the famous Klaus Störtebeker and Goedeke Michel, who were a threat to the ships of the powerful The foundations of the Hanseatic League (German: Hanse), an alliance of trading cities that for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic, can be seen as early as the 12th century, with the... Hanseatic League which they attacked and robbed. In Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births Owen Tudor, seventh generation descedant of Rhys ap Gruffydd (approximate... 1400 a punitive expedition of the Hanseatic League against East Frisia succeeded. The chieftains had to promise to discontinue their support for the pirates. In Events September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. Northern English nobles led by Sir Henry Hotspur Percy, defeat a Scottish raiding army under the Earl of Douglas Battle of Angora - Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, who is captured. Mehmed I succeeds Bayezid as Sultan. Births Deaths 1 August - Edmund... 1402 Störtebeker, who was not a Frisian by birth, was captured and executed in Hamburg.

The range of power and influence was different between the chieftains. Some clans achieved a predominant state. One of these were the Tom Broks from the Brokmerland (also: Brookmerland) who ruled a large part of Eastern Friesland over several generations until a former follower, Fokko Ukena from Map of Germany showing Leer Leer is a town in the Leer District in northwestern Germany on the border to the Netherlands, located at the river Ems. It has a railroad connection with the Netherlands: to Groningen. Its population is about 35,000 inhabitants. Politics Since its establishment the city... Leer, defeated the last Tom Brok. But a party of opposing chieftains under leadership of the Cirksenas from Categories: Stub | Towns in Germany ... Greetsiel defeated and expelled, Fokko who later died in a place near Groningen.

After Events July 13 - Battle of Montlhéry - Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of the great nobles organized as the League of the Public Weal. Charles VIII of Sweden is deposed. Clergyman Kettil Karlsson Vasa becomes Regent of Sweden. August 11- Regent Kettil Karlsson... 1465 one of the last chieftains from the house of Cirksena was made a count by Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454-1513) Frederick III of Habsburg (born September 21 in Innsbruck, 1415; died August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. He was the son of Duke... Emperor Frederick III and accepted the sovereignty of the The Holy Roman Empire ( German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) ( Italian: Sacro Romano Impero) ( Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium) ( Czech: Svatá říše římská) ( French: Saint Empire Romain Germanique) ( Polish: Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego) ( Dutch: Heilige Roomse Rijk) was a political... Holy Roman Empire. However, in Events March - Louis XII of France makes peace with Emperor Maximilian. July - Peace between England and France. Albrecht Dürer makes his famous engraving Melancholia I. Births March 8 - Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord Marriages October 9 - Louis XII of France and Mary... 1514 the emperor ordered that a duke of With an area of 18,400 sq. km. and a population of 4.6 million, the Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen) is the tenth largest in area but sixth in population among Germanys sixteen federal states. Created upon Germanys reunification in 1990, it occupies the approximate... Saxony should be the heir to the count of East Frisia. Count Edzard of East Frisia refused to accept this order and was outlawed. Twenty-four German dukes and princes invaded Frisia with their armies. Despite their numerical superiority they failed to defeat Edzard, and in Events January 22 - Battle of Ridanieh. The Turkish forces of Selim I defeat the main Mamluk army in Egypt under Touman Bey. February 3 - Capture of Cairo by the Turks. First contact of organized western merchants with China. August 15 - Portuguese merchant Fernao Pires de Andrade met Chinese officials through... 1517 the emperor had to accept Edzard and his descendants as counts of East Frisia.

East Frisia played an important role in the The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. Roots of the Reformation Avignon Papacy (Babylonian Captivity of the... Reformation period. Menno Simons (1496-1561) was an Anabaptist religious leader from the province of Fryslân (today Netherlands and Germany). His followers became known as Mennonites. Menno Simonszoon (Simons son) was born in Witmarsum, Fryslân, to a man named Simon. Very little is known concerning his parents or his... Menno Simons, founder of the The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations based on the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons. They are one of the peace churches, which hold to a doctrine of non-violence, non-resistance and pacifism. They are the modern denominations which present many Anabaptist views. Their core beliefs... Mennonite church, found refuge there. The religious foundation of American Libertarianism are also rooted in the spirit of the Frisian Freedom.

In Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. June 3 - Louis XIV of France crowned at Rheims June 6 - Charles X succedes his cousin Christina to the Swedish throne. After her abdication on June 5, Christina now the former reigning queen of a... 1654 the counts were elevated to the rank of princes. The East Frisian independency ended in Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births May 19 - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen-Consort of King George III of Great Britain July 17 -Elbridge Gerry, American... 1744, when the region was taken over by The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia ( German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... Prussia after the last Cirksena prince had died without a heir. There was no resistance to this takeover, since it has been arranged by contract beforehand. After the The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1804 until 1815. They were a continuation of the conflicts sparked by the French Revolution and covered the duration of the First French Empire. The First and Second Coalitions For a more detailed account see the French Revolutionary Wars. The First Coalition (1792-1797) of... Napoleonic Wars Prussia had to cede East Frisia to the kingdom of Alternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), other uses Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the Leine river, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) in Germany. It is also the capital of the surrounding Hanover... Hanover.

Language

The genuine language of East Frisia was For other Frisian languages see Frisian language (disambiguation). Frisian (varyingly Frysk, Frasch, Fresk, or Friisk) is a language spoken by a small ethnic group living in the northwestern part of Europe. In origin, the Frisian language is Germanic, the ancient Frisian community figuring prominently in North European history. They were... Frisian which now is extinct there and was replaced by East Frisian Low Saxon, as a member of the Low Saxon language family is a dialect spoken in the Eastern Friesland peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. It is used quite frequent in every day talk there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses Platdüütsk... East Frisian Low Saxon. Original East Frisian survived somewhat longer in several remote places as for example in the islands, such as Wangerooge. Today a modern variant of East Frisian can be found in the Saterland is a municipality in the German federal state of Lower Saxony. In 2003, it had 12.790 inhabitants. It occupies an area of 123.5 km2. In medieval times, Saterland was a sandy region occupying an area of about 15 by 1-4 km surrounded by marshes. Being relatively... Saterland, a district near East Frisia. In former times people from East Frisia who left their homes under pressure had settled in that remote area surrounded by moors and kept their inherited language alive. This language which forms the smallest language-island in Europe is called Sater-Frisian or, by its own name, Seeltersk. It is spoken by about 1000 people.

East Frisian Low Saxon, as a member of the Low Saxon language family is a dialect spoken in the Eastern Friesland peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. It is used quite frequent in every day talk there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses Platdüütsk... East Frisian Low Saxon (or Eastern Friesland Low Saxon, as some people prefer to say for a better distinction from East Frisian, which is a Frisian but not a Low Saxon language) is a variant of Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Nedersaksisch, Neddersassisch, Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of Low German dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands. Plattdüütsch is the name for both the Low Saxon and the East Low German language. Since 1994 Low Saxon has been... Low Saxon with many of its own features due to the Frisian substrate and some other influences originating in the varied history of East Frisia.

In modern Germany, EastFrisians are the traditional butts of A joke is a short story or short series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by the listener or reader. This sort of joke is not the same as a practical joke. Laughter, the intended human reaction to jokes, is healthy... ethnic jokes. This is mainly the case in the North; in the South, similar jokes are told about The Republic of Austria ( German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The state is a representative democracy... Austrians.

Tea

Strong black This article is about the beverage. For alternative meanings, see tea (disambiguation). A tea bush. Tea drinking in China dates back to before the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Tea is a caffeinated beverage, an infusion made by steeping the dried leaves or buds of the shrub Camellia sinensis in hot... tea is served whenever there are visitors to an East Frisian home or other gathering, as well as with breakfast, mid-afternoon, and mid-evening. Tea is sweetened with Kluntjes, a rock candy sugar that melts slowly, allowing multiple cups to be sweetened. Heavy cream is also used to flavor the tea. The tea is generally served with small cookies during the week and Torte during special occasions or on weekends as a special treat. The tea is rumored to cure headaches, stomach problems, and stress, among many other ailments.

External links

• Ostfriesland.de (http://www.ostfriesland.de/) - only available in German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. It is spoken... German and Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA in Unicode. Dutch is a West Germanic, Low German language spoken worldwide by around 24 million people. The varieties of Dutch spoken in Belgium are also informally called Flemish. The Dutch name for the language is Nederlands or less... Dutch
• East Frisian embassy (http://www.botschaft-ostfriesland.de/english/main/index.shtml) ( The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. It is the third most common first language (native speakers), with around 402 million people in 2002. English has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence... English section)