Ostmark ("Eastern Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Germanic word ) became a buffer zone ruled by the Count of Barcelona, with its own outlying small separate territories, each ruled by a lesser (castellan or lord of the castle) in an area largely defined by... March") is a modern German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term ) region of Italy, the East Cantons of Belgium, parts of Romania, Poland, Alsace (in German, ). It took until the middle of the 18th century to create a standard that was widely accepted, thus ending the period of Early New High German... German term to translate the term "Ostarrîchi" a vernacular for marcia orientalis that appears in a single later 10th century document.

Use of the term during the Middle Ages?

It is often thought that this term was used in The Carolingians (also known as the Carlovingians) were a dynasty of rulers that eventually controlled the Frankish realm and its successors from the 8th to the 10th century, officially taking over the kingdoms from the Merovingian dynasty in 751. The name Carolingian itself comes from Charles Martel, who defeated the... Carolingian times and during the early The Middle Ages formed the , is spelled As the authority of the Roman Empire dwindled in Western Europe, its territories were entered and settled by succeeding waves of barbarian peoples, some of whom distrusted and rejected the classical culture of Rome, while others, like the Goths admired it and considered... middle ages for the core territory of Austria, more or less modern Lower Austria () Amstetten, Baden, Bruck / Leitha, Gänserndorf, Gmünd, Hollabrunn, Horn, Korneuburg, Krems a.d.Donau, Krems/Stadt, Lilienfeld, Melk, Mistelbach, Mödling, Neunkirchen, Scheibbs, St. Pölten, St. Pölten Stadt, Tulln, Waidhofen/Thaya, Waidhofen/Ybbs Stadt, Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt Stadt, Wien-Umgebung, Zwettl, and 573 Gemeinden... Lower Austria. However, this German-language term in not ascertained in any documents written in that time, but only the Latin form Marchia orientalis, as almost all documents were written in Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire. All Romance languages are descended from Latin, and many words based on Latin are found in other modern languages such as English. It is said... Latin. The famous Ostarrichi document of Events March/April - Pope John XV dies before being being able to coronate Otto III, King of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor. Otto resides in Pavia while waiting for the election of the next Pope. May 3 - Twenty-four year old Bruno of Carinthia, grandson of Otto I, Holy Roman... 996 describes the march ruled by the Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. Early history of the family The earliest known ancestor of the Babenbergs was one Poppo, who early in... Babenberg family since Events January 10 - Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor, see Byzantine Emperors. Brian Boru inaugurated as King of Munster. Samuil of Bulgaria starts reign as Tsar Yuelu Academy is founded Leopold of Babenberg was appointed as Margrave of Austria. The Babenberg family was to rule Austria until 1246. Births Emperor... 976 as regione vulgari vocabulo Ostarrichi, i.e. the region known as Ostarrichi ("Eastern Realm") in the The vernacular is the native language of a country or locality. In previous centuries scholarly work in western Europe was typically written in Latin, so the works written in a native language (such as Italian or German) were said to be in the vernacular. The vernacular is also often contrasted... vernacular. It is therefore thought that the term Ostarrichi was the actual translation used for the territory at that time and thus became the linguistic ancestor of the German name for Austria, Österreich.

The Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. The comital titles awarded in Holy Roman Empire often related to the jurisdiction or domain of responsibility and represented special concessions of authority or rank. Only the more important titles remained in use until modern... Margraviate of Austria was one of the Eastern border areas of the The Holy Roman Empire ( German: was used in 1034 to denote the lands under Conrad II, and to refer to Northern European rulers started earlier with Otto II (Emperor 973–983). Emperors from Charlemagne (died 814) to Otto I the Great (Emperor 962–973) had simply used the... Holy Roman Empire during the early middle ages. In Statue of Charlemagne in Frankfurt, a Romantic interpretation of his appearance from the 19th century Charlemagne (c. 742 or 747 – January 28, 814) (or Charles the Great, in German Karl der Große, in Latin Carolus Magnus, giving rise to the adjective form Carolingian), was king of the... Charlemagne's time, much what is today Eastern and Central Austria was populated by The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. They speak Slavic languages and reside chiefly in the east of that continent, but are also found in Asia. Ethno-cultural subdivisions One can customarily divide the Slavs into the following subgroups: East Slavs: Russians... Slavs (as was most of Eastern The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Official language German1 Capital Berlin Largest City Berlin Chancellor Gerhard Schröder President Horst Köhler Area - Total - % water Ranked 61st 349,223 km² 2.416% Population - Total ( 2004) - Density Ranked 13th 82,531,700 242/km² Formation Unification Treaty... Germany, where pockets of Sorbian national flag The Sorbs (also Lusatians or Lusatia Serbs) are a relatively small west Slavic people, living as a minority in the region known as Lusatia in the German states of Saxony and Brandenburg (in former GDR territory). They belong to the same language group as the Poles, Czechs... Sorbs remain to this day), who had migrated to the area at the end of the The German term Völkerwanderung (lit. to describe the migrations of the Goths, Vandals, Franks and other Germanic tribes triggered by the incursions of the Huns. They saw these migrations as a contributing factor leading to the break-up of the Roman Empire. Scholars today hold that a great... Völkerwanderung and mixed with the In ancient times, the Celts were a number of interrelated peoples in central Europe sharing a branch of Indo-European languages indicative of a common origin. Today, Celtic is often used to describe the people and their respective cultures and languages of several ethnic groups in the British Isles, the... Celtic population of Antiquity means ancient times, and may be used of any period before the Middle Ages. Most commonly it means the classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, but may also be used of ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia or other early civilizations of the Near East. It is less commonly seen for... antiquity. However, during the 800s and 900s, Germanic settlers began to expand eastward along the Danube in Budapest Length 2 860 km Elevation of the source 678 m Average discharge 6 400 m³/ s Area watershed 817 000 km² Origin In the Black Forest ( Germany) Mouth Black Sea ( Romania) Basin countries Romania (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), Serbia and Montenegro... Danube and into the The Alps is the collective name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria in the east, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany, through to France in the west. The word Alps means mountains. The highest mountain in the Alps is Mont Blanc at 4810... Alps from the Duchy of With an area of 70,553 km² and 12.4 million inhabitants, the Free State of Bavaria ( German ) and the Main. The major cities in Bavaria are Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Regensburg, Würzburg, Ingolstadt, Fürth and Erlangen. See also: List of places in Bavaria. Politics Bavaria... Bavaria. The Margraviate of Austria, and the Duchies of Styria was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. Called Steiermark in German, for it formed the Marches of Carantania, this mountainous and scenic region, which became a center for mountaineering in the 19th... Styria and Carinthia (German ) is now a federal state of Austria, while Carinthia (Koroška) is a province in Slovenia. The Canal Valley in Italy around Tarvisio also belonged to this duchy. Dukes of Carinthia Berthold (927-947) to Bavaria (947-976) Henry I (976-978) to Bavaria (978-995) Otto... Carinthia (the latter two characterized by partly Slavic populations) developed from this eastward expansion. Austria was elavated to a duchy independent from Bavaria only in the The Privilegium Minus (as opposed to the later Privilegium Maius, which was a forgery), is a document issued by Emperor Frederick I on September 17, 1156. It included the elavation of the Margraviate of Austria to a Duchy, which was given as an heritable fief to the House of Babenberg... Privilegium Minus of Events Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi in Finland. The Privilegium Minus elevates Austria to the status of a duchy ruled by... 1156.

19th and 20th Century use of the term

The term "Ostmark" itself, a concise but ahistorical lead most of Latin America to independence. The Industrial Revolution continues and spreads, developments include the Rail Transport, telegraph, and telephone. The rebellion of Greece begins in 1821 which ultimately leads to its independence Belgium becomes independent in 1830 after a massive uprising against the Dutch. Leopold becomes the first... 19th century translation of marchia orientalis, was revived by the The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent (Reichs flag). Black, white, and red subsequently became the colors of the nationalists (e.g. during WWI and the Nazism (abbreviated from the German: , commonly called NSDAP or... Nazis after the The general German term meaning the exclusion of Austria from Germany at the creation of Imperial Germany in 1871. was written of at least the post-1934 Austrian government before or after March 12, 1938. The dissolution of the democratic process that began in 1933 was motivated by both anxieties... Anschluss of Austria in 1938, as they wanted to purge any Austrian identity separate from the Altreich (Old Empire) is a German term used from 1938 to 1945 for the territories that were part of the German Empire in 1937, as opposed to Austria (called Ostmark by the Nazis), the Sudetenland and other territories annexed by Germany during the subsequent years. Categories: German history | Historical stubs... Altreich. In 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - World War II: The word United Nations is first officially used to describe the Allied pact. January 2 - World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces. The Japanese Admiral stays in... 1942, the term was officially replaced by Alpen- und Donaugaue ( The Alps is the collective name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria in the east, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany, through to France in the west. The word Alps means mountains. The highest mountain in the Alps is Mont Blanc at 4810... Alpine and Danube Territories) in order to avoid any connotation of Austrian particularity and specific relationship among the territories making up Austria.

External link

• AEIOU Encyclopedia on "Ostmark" (http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.o/o846153.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)
• Information on the Ostarrichi document (in German) (http://www.noel.gv.at/service/k/k2/ostarrichi.htm#historisches)