NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Otto Heinrich Warburg

Otto Heinrich Warburg (October 8, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau – August 1, 1970, Berlin), son of Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist and medical doctor. Emil Warburg was a distant relative of the Warburg family of Altona, who had converted to Christianity reportedly after a disagreement in the family; his mother was the daughter of a Protestant family of civil servants from Baden. October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (282nd in leap years). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Emil Gabriel Warburg (9th March,1846 (Altona) - 28th July,1931 (Bayreuth)) was a German phycist who during his career was professor of physics at the Universities of StraÃŸburg, Freiburg and Berlin. ... The Warburg family is a German family of bankers. ... gay ...

For a time he worked at Naples Marine Biological Station in Naples, Italy, where he researched the sea urchin and the development of its eggs. In later years he would return for visits, and maintained a lifelong friendship with the family of the director of the station. A lifelong equestrian, he served as an officer in the elite Uhlans (cavalry) on the front during the First World War and won the Iron Cross. He credited this experience with affording him invaluable insights into "real life" outside the confines of academia. Towards the end of the war, when the outcome was unmistakeable, Albert Einstein wrote him at the behest of friends, asking him to leave the army and return academia, as it would be a tragedy for the world to lose his talents. The Bay of Naples Naples (Italian: , Neapolitan: NÃ pule, from Greek ÎÎµÎ¬Ï€Î¿Î»Î· < ÎÎÎ± Î ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚ NÃ©a PÃ³lis New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of the Campania region and the Province of Naples. ... Subclasses Euechinoidea Superorder Atelostomata Order Cassiduloida Order Spatangoida (heart urchins) Superorder Diadematacea Order Diadematoida Order Echinothurioida Order Pedinoida Superorder Echinacea Order Arbacioida Order Echinoida Order Phymosomatoida Order Salenioida Order Temnopleuroida Superorder Gnathostomata Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars) Order Holectypoida Perischoechinoidea Order Cidaroida (pencil urchins) Sea urchins are spiny sea creatures of... Uhlan dressed in the characteristic czapka. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... A stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Bundeswehr, Germanys Armed Forces. ... Einstein redirects here. ...

He later served as the director (1931–1953) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now known as the Max Planck Institute) for cell physiology in Berlin, Germany's most prestigious research facility. He investigated the metabolism of tumors and the respiration of cells, particularly cancer cells. For his discovery of the nature and the mode of action of respiratory enzyme, he won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was selected for a second Nobel Prize in 1944, but was not allowed to accept the prize due to the policies of the German government at the time. Three scientists who worked in his lab, including Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, went on to win the Nobel Prize. Among other discoveries, he discovered that iron, one of the heavy metals, is required for respiration, as is niacin. 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (August 25, 1900 â€“ November 22, 1981) was a German, later British medical doctor and biochemist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... A heavy metal is any of a number of higher atomic weight elements, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature. ... Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. ...

He edited and has much of his original work published in The Metabolism of Tumours (tr. 1931) and wrote New Methods of Cell Physiology (1962). An unabashed Anglophile, Otto Warburg was thrilled when Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate; Warburg was known to tell other universities not to bother with honorary doctorates, and to ask the German government to mail him medals he had won so as to avoid a ceremony that would separate him from his beloved laboratory, an unusual trait among Germans. The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

Warburg reported the fundamental difference between normal and cancerous cells to be the ratio of glycolysis to respiration. This is contrary to the commonly held "uncontrolled growth".^{[citation needed]} Later, he summarized this hypothesis (meanwhile named 'Warburg's hypothesis') as a book entitled The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer which he presented in lecture at the meeting of the Nobel-Laureates on June 30, 1966 at Lindau, Lake Constance, Germany. In this speech, Warburg presented evidence proving anaerobiosis to be a primary cause of cancerous cells. In recent years, Warburg's hypothesis re-gained significant attention amongst scientists due to several discoveries linking impaired mitochondrial function as well as impaired respiration to growth, division and expansion of cancer cells. This hypothesis was set up by a scientists named Otto Heinrich Warburg in 1924. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Anaerobic respiration. ... This hypothesis was set up by a scientists named Otto Heinrich Warburg in 1924. ... ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. ...

When frustrated by the lack of acceptance of his ideas, Warburg was known to quote an aphorism he attributed to Max Planck that science doesn't progress because scientists change their minds, but rather because scientists attached to erroneous views die, and are replaced. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 â€“ October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. ...

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Laureates (1926-1950)

1926: Fibiger | 1927: Wagner-Jauregg | 1928: Nicolle | 1929: Eijkman, Hopkins | 1930: Landsteiner | 1931: Warburg | 1932: Sherrington, Adrian | 1933: Morgan | 1934: Whipple, Minot, Murphy | 1935: Spemann | 1936: Dale, Loewi | 1937: Szent-Györgyi | 1938: Heymans | 1939: Domagk | 1943: Dam, Doisy | 1944: Erlanger, Gasser | 1945: Fleming, Chain, Florey | 1946: Muller | 1947: C.Cori, G.Cori, Houssay | 1948: Müller | 1949: Hess, Moniz | 1950: Kendall, Reichstein, Hench List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Fibiger won a Nobel Prize in 1926 Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (April 23, 1867 - January 30, 1928) was a Danish scientist who won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... Julius Wagner-Jauregg Julius Wagner-Jauregg was born on March 7th, 1857, in Wels, Austria. ... Dr. Charles Jules Henry Nicolle (September 21, 1866 - February 28, 1936) was a bacteriologist who earned the 1928 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus. ... Christiaan Eijkman (August 11, 1858â€”November 5, 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. ... Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (June 20, 1861 â€“ May 16, 1947) was an English biochemist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929 with Christiaan Eijkman for the discovery of vitamins. ... Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 - June 26, 1943), was an Austrian biologist. ... Sherrington is considered one of the fathers of neuroscience. ... Edgar Douglas Adrian won a Nobel Prize in 1932 Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM PRS (London, 30 November 1889 â€“ 8 August 1977) was a British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. ... Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 â€“ December 4, 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. ... George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 - February 1, 1976) was one of three recipients in 1934 of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on liver therapy in cases of anemia. ... George Richards Minot (December 2, 1885 in Boston, Massachusetts â€“ February 25, 1950) won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William P. Murphy and George H. Whipple for their work in the study of anemia. ... William Parry Murphy (Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 â€“ October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anaemia. ... Hans Spemann (June 27, 1869 - September 12, 1941) was a German embryologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, the influence exercised by various parts of the embryo that directs the development of groups... Sir Henry Hallett Dale (June 9, 1875 - July 23, 1968) was an English scientist. ... Otto Loewi (June 3, 1873 - December 25, 1961) was a German-American pharmacologist. ... Albert Szent-GyÃ¶rgyi at the time of his appointment to the National Institutes of Health Albert Szent-GyÃ¶rgyi (September 16, 1893 â€“ October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. ... Dr. Corneille Jean François Heymans (March 28, 1892 - July 18, 1968) was a Belgian physiologist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1938 for for showing how blood pressure and oxygen content of the blood are measured by the body and transmitted to the brain. ... Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (October 30, 1895 - April 24, 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist and Nobel laureate. ... Henrik Dam (Full name Carl Peter Henrik Dam) (February 21, 1895 â€“ April 18, 1976) was a Danish biochemist and physiologist. ... Dr. Edward Adelbert Doisy (November 3, 1893 - October 23, 1986) was an American biochemist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943 with Henrik Dam for their discovery of vitamin K and its chemical structure. ... Joseph Erlanger (San Francisco, January 5, 1874 â€“ December 5, 1965 in St. ... Herbert Spencer Gasser, (July 5, 1888 - May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers. ... Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 â€“ 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. ... Sir Ernst Boris Chain (June 19, 1906 â€“ August 12, 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin. ... Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, OM, FRS, (September 24, 1898 â€“ February 21, 1968) was a pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the extraction of penicillin. ... Hermann Joseph Muller (December 21, 1890 â€“ April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist and educator. ... Carl Ferdinand Cori (December 5, 1896 â€“ October 20, 1984) was an American biochemist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of how glycogen (animal starch) - a derivative of glucose... Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz, (August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist born in Prague (then Austria-Hungary) who, together with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for their discovery of... Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887â€“September 21, 1971) was an Argentinian physiologist who received (with Carl and Gerty Cori) the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. ... Paul Hermann MÃ¼ller (January 12, 1899 â€“ October 12, 1965) was a Swiss chemist and winner of the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his 1939 discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT. MÃ¼ller was born in Olten/Solothurn. ... Walter Rudolf Hess (March 17, 1881 - August 12, 1973) was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for mapping the areas of the brain involved in the control of internal organs. ... AntÃ³nio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (November 29, 1874 - December 13, 1955) was a Portuguese physician and neurologist. ... Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886 - May 4, 1972) was an American chemist who, with Philip S. Hench and Tadeus Reichstein, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for research on the structure and biological effects of adrenal cortex hormones. ... Tadeus Reichstein (July 20, 1897 - August 1, 1996) was a Polish Nobel Prize-winning chemist. ... Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 - March 30, 1965) was an American physician who, with E. C. Kendall, in 1948 successfully applied an adrenal hormone (later known as cortisone) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. ...

Complete List | Laureates (1901-1925) | Laureates (1951-1975) | Laureates (1976-2000) | Laureates (2001- )

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