Otto
King of Greece
Reign	February 6, 1833 - October 23, 1862
Born	June 1, 1815
	Salzburg, Austria
Died	July 26, 1867 (aged 52)
	Bamberg, Germany
Successor	George I
Consort	Amalia of Oldenburg
Royal House	Wittelsbach
Father	Ludwig I of Bavaria
Mother	Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen

King Otto of Greece, (Greek: Όθων, Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος, Othon, Vasileus tis Ellados) also Prince of Bavaria (June 1, 1815 - July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (Great Britain, France and the Russian Empire). Image File history File links Otto_of_Greece. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...   is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... Duchess Marie Frederike Amelie of Oldenburg, Queen of Greece (born December 21, 1818 in Oldenburg, died May 20, 1875 in Bamberg) was the Consort of King Otto (1815-1867). ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... Ludwig I (or Louis I, which is the French form of his name, his godfather was Louis XVI of France) (August 25, 1786, Strasbourg – February 29, 1868, Nice) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Greece, having won its independence from the Ottoman Empire after eight years of war (1821-1829) with the help of the Great Powers (Great Britain, France and Russia) at the Battle of Navarino had formed a republican government with John Capodistrias (Καποδíστριας)as its leader. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A monarchy, from the Greek μονος, one, and αρχειν, to rule, is a form of government that has a monarch as head of state(KING)In most monarchies the monarch usually reigns as head of state for life; this is... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... Anthem: God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721-1725 Peter the Great (first)  - 1894-1917 Nicholas II (last) History  - Established 22 October, 1721  - February Revolution 2 March, 1917 Area  - 1897 22,400,000 km2 8,648,688 sq...

Biography

He was born in Salzburg, Austria, as second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Through his ancestor the Bavarian Duke John II, Otto was a descendant of the Greek imperial dynasties of Comnenus and Lascaris.   is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. ... Ludwig I (or Louis I, which is the French form of his name, his godfather was Louis XVI of France) (August 25, 1786, Strasbourg – February 29, 1868, Nice) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. ... Duke John II of Bavaria-Munich (* 1341 ; † 1397, (German: Johann II, Herzog von Bayern-München), since 1375 Duke of Bavaria-Munich. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus The Comnenus or Komnenos family was an important dynasty in the history of the Byzantine Empire. ... The Laskaris or Lascaris (Greek: Λάσκαρις) family was the dynasty ruling the Empire of Nicaea. ...

Early reign

When he was elected king, the Great Powers extracted a pledge from Otto's father to restrain him from hostile actions against the Ottoman Empire, and insisted on his title being that of "King of Greece" instead of "King of the Greeks", which would imply a claim over the millions of Greeks then still under Turkish rule. Not quite 18, the young prince arrived in Greece with 3,500 Bavarian troops and three Bavarian advisors aboard the British frigate HMS Madagascar. Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... For the bird, see Frigatebird. ... HMS Madagascar was a 43-gun Fifth-rate Frigate launched on 15 November 1822. ...

God's Just Decision to Liberate Greece by Panagiotis Zografos. On the right the personification of Greece, framed by Otto and Amalia. An angel is offering them the royal crowns. On the left the three monarchs of Russia, England, and France, as well as people and clergy approaching in an attitude of celebration.

The Bavarian advisors were arrayed in a council of regency headed by Count Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, who as minister of finance, had recently succeeded in restoring Bavarian credit at the cost of his popularity. The United Kingdom and the Rothschild bank, who were underwriting the Greek loans, insisted on financial stringency on Armansperg. The Greeks were soon more heavily taxed than under Turkish rule; they had exchanged a hated Ottoman tyranny, which they understood, for government by a foreign bureaucracy, the "Bavarocracy" (Βαυαροκρατία), which they despised. In addition, Otto showed little respect for local customs. As a staunch Catholic, and thus considered a heretic among the Greeks, he never changed his religion since he was guaranteed, under the constitutional provisions as the first King of a new Greek dynasty, that he could remain a Catholic. His heirs however would have to be Orthodox according to the terms of the 1843 Constitution. ¹ Josef Ludwig, Graf von Armansperg (1787-1853) served as the Interior and Finance Minister (1826-1828) and Foreign and Finance Minister (1828-1831) under King Ludwig I of Bavaria in the government of Bavaria. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German:  ), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... This page is about the religious concept of Tyranny. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Bureaucracy is a concept in sociology and political science referring to the way that the administrative execution and enforcement of legal rules are socially organized. ... Look up Heresy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state. ... // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see inheritance (disambiguation). ... ...

Otto of Greece entering Náfplio, Peter von Hess, 1835.

King Otto's early reign was notable for the establishment of schools and hospitals including the Athens Polytechnic University. Download high resolution version (2024x2347, 394 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2024x2347, 394 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Náfplio (Ναύπλιο; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a town on the Peloponnese in Greece. ... Front entrance of Patission Campus The National Technical University of Athens (Greek: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο, National Metsovion Polytechnic), sometimes simply known as Athens Polytechnic, is among the oldest and most prestigious higher education institutions of Greece. ...

In 1837, Otto visited Germany and married the beautiful and talented Duchess Amelie of Oldenburg (December 21, 1818 - May 20, 1875). The wedding took place not in Greece, but in Oldenburg, on November 22, 1836; the marriage did not produce an heir and the new queen made herself unpopular by interfering in the government. Not entirely faithful to his wife, he like his father had a liason with Jane Digby. Duchess Marie Frederike Amelie of Oldenburg, Queen of Greece (born December 21, 1818 in Oldenburg, died May 20, 1875 in Bamberg) was the Consort of King Otto (1815-1867). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Oldenburg (Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Meanwhile, due to his overtly undermining the king, Armansperg was dismissed as Prime Minister by King Otto immediately on his return. However, despite high hopes by the Greeks, the Bavarian Rundhart was appointed chief minister and the granting of a constitution was again postponed. The attempts of Otto to conciliate Greek sentiment by efforts to enlarge the frontiers of his kingdom, for example, by the suggested acquisition of Crete in 1841, failed in their objective and only succeeded in embroiling him with the Great Powers. Ignaz von Rundhart (1790-1838) was a Bavarian scholar and public servant who was dispatched to Greece to serve as President of the Privy Council (Prime Minister) during the reign of King Otto. ... For the famous World War II battle, see: Battle of Crete For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ...

Parties, finances and the church

Throughout his reign, King Otto found himself confronted by a recurring series of issues: partisanship of the Greeks, financial uncertainty, and ecclesiastical issues.

Greek parties in the Othonian era were based on two factors: the political activities of the diplomatic representatives of the Great Powers: Russia, England and France and the affiliation of Greek political figures with these diplomats. In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area...

Main article: Early Greek Parties

The affiliations of some of the most well-known Greeks that era include: Early Greek parties were not features of the provisional and regional governments that were set up between 1821 and 1832. ...

• Russian Party (also called the Napist party): Theodoros Kolokotronis, Constantine Kanaris, Kitsos Tzavelas, Andreas Metaxas;

• French Party: Ioannis Kolettis, Ioannis Makriyannis, Dimitrios Voulgaris, Nikolaos Krieziotes;

• English Party: Alexander Mavrocordatos, Kostas Botsaris, Andreas Miaoulis, Spyridon Trikoupis, Andreas Zaimis.

A romantic portrayal of Otto in front of ancient Greek remains.

Financial uncertainty of the Othonian monarchy was the result of 1) Greece's poverty, 2) the concentration of land in the hands of a small number of wealthy "primates" like the Mavromichalises of Mani, and 3) the promise of 60,000,000 francs in loans from the Great Powers, which kept these nations involved in Greek internal affairs and the Crown constantly seeking to please one or the other power to ensure the flow of funds. The Russian Party (Greek: Ρωσικο Κóμμα) was an informal grouping of Greek political leaders that formed during the brief period of the Hellenic Republic (1828-1831) and lasted through the the reign of King Otto. ... Monument of Theodoros Kolokotronis in Athens Theodoros Kolokotronis Theodoros Kolokotronis (Greek: . Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης, 3 April 1770 - 15 February 1843) was a Greek general in the Greek War of Independence against the rule of the Ottoman Empire. ... Constantine Kanaris Constantine Kanaris (or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795 – September 2, 1877) was a Greek admiral, freedom fighter and politician. ... Kitsos Tzavelas during the War of Independence Kitsos Tzavelas (Greek: Κιτσος Τζαβέλας) (1800-1855) was a Greek fighter and Prime Minister. ... Andreas Metaxas (1786 - September 19, 1860) was a Greek politician born on the island of Cephalonia. ... Ioannis Kolettis (1773-1847) - Athens, National Historical Museum Ioannis Kolettis (1773-1847) was a Greek politician who played a significant role in Greek affairs from the Greek War of Independence. ... General Ioannis Makrygiannis (Greek: Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης) (1797-1864) was a Greek merchant, military officer, politician and author. ... Prime Minister Voulgaris 1802-1878 Dimitrios Voulgaris (Greek: Δημήτριος Βούλγαρης) (December 20, 1802- January 10, 1878) was a Greek revolutionary fighter during the Greek War of Independence of 1821 who became a politician after independence. ... The English Party (Greek: Αγγλικό Κóμμα), was one of the three informal Early Greek Parties that dominated the early political history of Modern Greece, the other two being the Russian and the French one. ... Alexander Mavrocordatos (1791-1865) Athens, Benaki Museum Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos (Greek: ) (born February 11, 1791, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Ä°stanbul, Turkey} – died August 18, 1865, Aegina), Greek statesman, a descendant of the Mavrocordatos family of Hospodars. ... Andreas Vokos (or Bokos) Miaoulis (1768 - June 24, 1835), Greek admiral and politician, was born in Negropont. ... Spiridon Trikoupis (1788-1873). ... Petros Mavromichalis (1765-1848) (in Greek Πέτρος Μαυρομιχάλης) also known as Petrobey (Πετρομπέης), was the leader of the Maniot people during the first half of... Mani may refer to: Mani Peninsula in Greece Maní, Yucatán, a small city in Yucatán, Mexico Mani, Evros, a town in the northeastern part of the Evros Prefecture in Greece Mani (prophet), a third-century Persian prophet, the founder of the dualistic Manichaean religion, which borrowed eclectically from...

King Otto depicted in the traditional Greek uniform in an official portrait. His title in the lower place of the gravure is written in two languages: German and Greek.

The political machinations of the Great Powers was personified in their three legates in Athens: the French Theobald Piscatory, the Russian Gabriel Catacazy, and the English Edmund Lyons. They informed their home governments on the activities of the Greeks, while serving as advisers to their respective allied parties within Greece. Edmund Lyons Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons G.C.B. K.C.H. was born at Whitehayes House, Burton, near Christchurch, Hampshire on 21 November 1790. ...

Otto pursued policies, such as balancing power among all the parties and sharing offices among the parties, ostensibly to reduce the power of the parties while trying to bring a pro-Otto party into being. The parties, however, became the entree into government power and financial stability. The effect of his (and his advisors') policies was to make the Great Powers' parties more powerful, not less. The Great Powers did not support curtailing Otto's increasing absolutism, however, which resulted in a near permanent conflict between Otto's absolute monarchy and the power bases of his Greek subjects. ²

Otto found himself confronted by a number of intractable ecclesiastical issues: monasticism, autocephaly, the king as head of the church and toleration of other churches. His regents, Armansperg and Rundhart, established a controversial policy of suppressing the monasteries. This was very upsetting to the church hierarchy and the Russian Party, which was a stalwart defender of Orthodoxy. Once he rid himself of his Bavarian advisers, Otto allowed the statutory dissolution of the monasteries to lapse. On the issue of autocephaly and his role as king within the church, Otto was overwhelmed by the arcana of church doctrine and popular discontent with his Catholicism. In 1833, the regents had unilaterally declared the autocephaly of the Church of Greece. This recognized the de facto political situation, as the Patriarch of Constantinople was under the political control of the Ottoman Empire. Conservatives (mostly in the Russian Party), concerned that having a Catholic as the head of the Church of Greece would weaken the Orthodox Church, criticised the unilateral declaration of autocephaly as non-canonical. They likewise resisted the foreign, mostly Protestant, missionaries who established schools throughout Greece for the same reason. Tolerance of other religions was supported by some in the English Party and others educated in the West as a symbol of Greece's progress as a liberal European state. In the end, power over the church and education was ceded to the Russian Party, while the king maintained a veto over the decision of the Synod of Bishops. This was to avoid discrediting Greece in the eyes of Western Europe as a backward, religiously intolerant society. Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ... The Church of Greece is one of the fifteenth autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches which make up the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Canon law is the term used for the internal ecclesiastical law which governs various churches, most notably the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ...

September 3 revolution and later reign

Although King Otto tried to function as an absolute monarch, as Thomas Gallant writes, he "was neither ruthless enough to be feared, nor compassionate enough to be loved, nor competent enough to be respected." ³ By 1843, public dissatisfaction with him had reached crisis proportions and there were demands for a constitution. Initially Otto refused to grant a constitution, but as soon as German troops were withdrawn from the kingdom, a military coup was launched. On September 3, 1843, the infantry led by Colonel Kallergis (Καλλέργης) and the respected Revolution captain Ioannis Makriyannis (Μακρυγιάννης) assembled in the Square in front of the Palace in Athens. A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Dimitri Kalergis (Demitrios) (1803-1867), Greek statesman, was a Cretan by birth, studied medicine at Paris and on the outbreak of the War of Greek Independence went to the Morea and joined the insurgents. ... General Ioannis Makrygiannis (Greek: Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης) (1797-1864) was a Greek merchant, military officer, politician and author. ...

Otto exiled in Bavaria two years before his death.

Eventually joined by much of the population of the small capital, the rebellion refused to disperse until the King agreed to grant a constitution, which would require that there be Greeks in the Council, that he convene a permanent national assembly and that Otto personally thank the leaders of the uprising. Left with little recourse, now that his German troops were gone, King Otto gave in to the pressure and agreed to the demands of the crowd over the objections of his opinionated Queen. This square was renamed Constitution Square (Πλατεία Συντάγματος) to commemorate the events of September 1843. ⁴ Now for the first time the king had Greeks in his council and the French party, the English Party or the Russian Party (according to which of the Great Powers' culture they most esteemed) vied for rank and power. Marie Frederike Amelie, Princess of Oldenburg and Queen of Greece (Oldenburg 21 December 1818-Bamberg 20 May 1875 was the Consort of King Otto (1815-1867). ... Syntagma Square (Πλατεία Συντάγματος, Constitution Square), is located in central Athens, Greece. ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ...

The King's prestige, which was based in large part on his support by the combined Great Powers, but mostly the support of the British, suffered in the "Pacifico incident" of 1850, when British Foreign Secretary Palmerston sent the British fleet to blockade the port of Piraeus with warships, to exact reparation for injustice done to a British subject. Don Pacifico Incident This incident concerned a Portuguese Jew, named David Pacifico (known as Don Pacifico), who was a trader in Athens during the reign of King Otto. ... The title of Foreign Secretary has been traditionally used to refer to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. ... Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. ... It has been suggested that Kaminia (Piraeus), Greece be merged into this article or section. ...

The "Great Idea" (Μεγάλη Ιδέα), Greece's dream of restoring the Byzantine Empire under Christian rule, led to his contemplating to enter the Crimean War against Turkey in 1853; the enterprise was unsuccessful, and resulted in renewed intervention by the Great Powers and a second blockade of Piraeus. In 1861, a student named Aristeidis Dosios (son of politician Konstantinos Dosios) ⁵ attempted to murder Queen Amalia, and was openly hailed as a hero. His attempt, however, also prompted spontaneous feelings of monarchism and sympathy towards the royal couple among the Greek population. ⁵ Megali Idea (Μεγάλη Ιδέα) (Greek for Great Idea) is a concept of Greek nationalism expressing the goal of establishing a Greek state that encompasses all ethnic Greeks. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Christianity. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire United Kingdom Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 256,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1854–1856) was fought... It has been suggested that Kaminia (Piraeus), Greece be merged into this article or section. ... Marie Frederike Amelie, Princess of Oldenburg and Queen of Greece (Oldenburg 21 December 1818-Bamberg 20 May 1875 was the Consort of King Otto (1815-1867). ...

The expulsion of Otto King of Greece in 1862 as portrayed in a popular colour lithograph.

Image File history File links The_expulsion_of_King_Otto_in_1862. ... Image File history File links The_expulsion_of_King_Otto_in_1862. ... Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. ...

Exile and death

While on a visit to the Peloponnese in 1862, a new coup was launched and this time a provisional government was set up and summoned a national convention. Ambassadors of the Great Powers urged King Otto not to resist, and the king and queen took refuge on a British warship and returned to Bavaria the same way they had come to Greece (aboard a foreign warship), taking with them the Greek royal regalia which he had brought from Bavaria in 1832. It has been suggested that had Otto and Amalia borne an heir, then the King would not have been overthrown, as succession was a major unresolved question at the time. ⁶ It is also true, however, that the constitution of 1843 made provision for his succession by his two younger brothers and their descendants. A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German:  ), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ...

Styles of King Otto of Greece
Reference style	His Majesty
Spoken style	Your Majesty
Alternative style	Sir

He died in the palace of the former bishops of Bamberg, Germany, and was buried in the Theatiner Church in Munich. During his retirement, he would still wear the traditional uniform nowadays worn only by the evzones; during the rebellion in Crete against the Ottoman Empire in 1866, Otto donated most of his fortune to support the Cretan rebellion by supplying it with arms. He also made provisions for his donation to be kept secret until his death, to avoid causing political problems to the new King, George I. A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... Look up majesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Majesty is an English word rooting in the Latin Maiestas, meaning literally, Greatness. ... Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. ... The Theatiner Church in Munich was built from 1663 to 1690, it was founded by Elector Ferdinand Maria and his wife, Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Max Emanuel, in 1662. ... Munich (German: , pronounced  ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga; Italian: Monaco; Latin language: Monacum) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: ). Munich is Germanys third largest city and one of Europes most prosperous. ... Greek Evzone soldiers marching in formation Evzones changing the guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Greek Evzones changing guards at the tomb of the unknown soldier Evzones in Athens gaurding the grave of the Unknown Soldier. ... For the famous World War II battle, see: Battle of Crete For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Crete, sometimes spelled Krete (Greek Κρήτη / Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... The bayonet is used as both knife and spear. ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ...

Heads of State of Greece

First Hellenic Republic (1827–1832): Ioannis Kapodistrias | Augustinos Kapodistrias | Governing Council The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Augustinos Kapodistrias (in Greek Αυγουστίνος Καποδίστριας , 1778- 1857). ... This is a list of the Kings of Greece, formally known by the title of King of The Hellenes. ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... A Pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else. ... This is a list of the Kings of Greece, formally known by the title of King of The Hellenes. ... Prince Regent Luitpold celebrating his 90th birthday in 1911 Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (German: Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig Prinz Regent von Bayern) (12 March 1821—12 December 1912), was the regent and de facto ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the incapacity of his nephews... This is a list of presidents of Greece. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece_(1828-1978). ... Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776-1831). ... Augustinos Kapodistrias (in Greek Αυγουστίνος Καποδίστριας , 1778- 1857). ... First Period of Monarchy (1832–1924): Otto | George I | Constantine I | Alexander | Constantine I | George II Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935): Pavlos Kountouriotis | Theodoros Pangalos† | Pavlos Kountouriotis | Alexandros Zaimis Second Period of Monarchy (1935–1974): George II | Paul | Constantine II During the 1967-1974 junta, Greece was de facto led by Georgios Zoitakis† | Georgios Papadopoulos† | Phaedon Gizikis† Third Hellenic Republic (1974–): Phaedon Gizikis | Michail Stasinopoulos | Konstantinos Tsatsos | Constantine Karamanlis | Ioannis Alevras | Christos Sartzetakis | Constantine Karamanlis | Costis Stephanopoulos | Karolos Papoulias †denotes military dictator

Heads of Government of Greece

First Hellenic Republic (1822-1832)	Alexander Mavrocordatos | Athanasios Kanakaris | Petros Mavromichalis | Georgios Kountouriotis | Andreas Zaimis | Ioannis Capodistrias | Augustinos Kapodistrias
Kingdom of Greece (1832-1924)	Spyridon Trikoupis | Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos | Ioannis Kolettis | Josef Ludwig von Armansperg | Ignaz von Rundhart | Otto of Greece | Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos | Otto of Greece | Andreas Metaxas | Constantine Kanaris | Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos | Ioannis Kolettis | Kitsos Tzavelas | Georgios Kountouriotis | Constantine Kanaris | Antonios Kriezis | Constantine Kanaris | Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Athanasios Miaoulis | Gennaios Kolokotronis | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Aristidis Moraitinis | Zinovios Valvis | Diomidis Kiriakos | Benizelos Rouphos | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Constantine Kanaris | Zinovios Valvis | Constantine Kanaris | Benizelos Rouphos | Alexandros Koumoundouros |Epameinontas Deligeorgis | Benizelos Rouphos | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Aristidis Moraitinis | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Thrasivoulos Zaimis | Epameinontas Deligeorgis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Thrasivoulos Zaimis | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Epameinontas Deligeorgis | Dimitrios Voulgaris | Charilaos Trikoupis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Epameinontas Deligeorgis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Epameinontas Deligeorgis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Constantine Kanaris | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Charilaos Trikoupis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Charilaos Trikoupis | Alexandros Koumoundouros | Charilaos Trikoupis | Theodoros Deligiannis | Dimitrios Valvis | Charilaos Trikoupis | Theodoros Deligiannis | Konstantinos Konstantopoulos | Charilaos Trikoupis | Sotirios Sotiropoulos | Charilaos Trikoupis | Nikolaos Deligiannis | Theodoros Deligiannis | Dimitrios Rallis | Alexandros Zaimis | Georgios Theotokis | Alexandros Zaimis | Theodoros Deligiannis | Georgios Theotokis | Dimitrios Rallis | Georgios Theotokis | Theodoros Deligiannis | Dimitrios Rallis | Georgios Theotokis | Dimitrios Rallis | Kiriakoulis Mavromichalis | Stephanos Dragoumis | Eleftherios Venizelos | Dimitrios Gounaris | Eleftherios Venizelos | Alexandros Zaimis | Stephanos Skouloudis | Alexandros Zaimis | Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos | †Eleftherios Venizelos | Spyridon Lambros | Alexandros Zaimis | Eleftherios Venizelos | Dimitrios Rallis | Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos | Dimitrios Gounaris | Nikolaos Stratos | Petros Protopapadakis | Nikolaos Triantaphillakos | Anastasios Charalambis | Sotirios Krokidas | Stylianos Gonatas | Eleftherios Venizelos | Georgios Kaphantaris
Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935)	Alexandros Papanastasiou | Themistoklis Sophoulis | Andreas Michalakopoulos | §Theodoros Pangalos | §Athanasios Eftaxias | Georgios Kondylis | Alexandros Zaimis | Eleftherios Venizelos | Alexandros Papanastasiou | Eleftherios Venizelos | Panagis Tsaldaris | Eleftherios Venizelos | Alexandros Othonaios | Panagis Tsaldaris | Georgios Kondylis
Kingdom of Greece (1935-1967/74)	Konstantinos Demertzis | Ioannis Metaxas | Alexandros Koryzis | †Emmanouil Tsouderos | ^Georgios Tsolakoglu | ^Konstantinos Logothetopoulos | ^Ioannis Rallis | †Evripidis Mpakirtzis | †Sophoklis Venizelos | †Alexandros Svolos | †George Papandreou | Nikolaos Plastiras | Petros Voulgaris | Archbishop Damaskinos | Panagiotis Kanellopoulos | Themistoklis Sophoulis | Panagiotis Poulitsas | Konstantinos Tsaldaris | Dimitrios Maximos | Konstantinos Tsaldaris | Themistoklis Sophoulis | †Markos Vafiadis | †Nikolaos Zachariadis | †Dimitrios Partsalidis | Alexandros Diomidis | Ioannis Theotokis | Sophoklis Venizelos | Nikolaos Plastiras | Sophoklis Venizelos | Nikolaos Plastiras | Dimitrios Kiousopoulos | Alexander Papagos | Constantine Karamanlis | Konstantinos Georgakopoulos | Constantine Karamanlis | Konstantinos Dovas | Constantine Karamanlis | Panagiotis Pipinelis | Stylianos Mavromichalis | George Papandreou | Ioannis Paraskevopoulos | George Papandreou | Georgios Athanasiadis–Novas | Ilias Tsirimokos | Stephanos Stephanopoulos | Ioannis Paraskevopoulos | Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
Military Junta (1967-1974)	§Konstantinos Kollias | §Georgios Papadopoulos | §Spiros Markezinis | §Adamantios Androutsopoulos
Third Hellenic Republic (1974-)	Constantine Karamanlis | George Rallis | Andreas Papandreou | Tzannis Tzannetakis | Yiannis Grivas | Xenophon Zolotas | Constantine Mitsotakis | Andreas Papandreou | Costas Simitis | Kostas Karamanlis
	§ denotes head of a military government † denotes head of a rival government not controlling Athens ^ denotes head of government during the Axis Occupation

Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece_(1828-1978). ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (2 August 1868 - 11 January 1923) ruled Greece from 1913-1917 and from 1920-1922. ... Alexander of Greece King of Greece Alexander I, King of the Hellenes, ruled Greece from 1917-1920. ... Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (2 August 1868 - 11 January 1923) ruled Greece from 1913-1917 and from 1920-1922. ... George II (Greek: Γεώργιος [Geōrgios]; 20 July 1890 — 1 April 1947), King of the Hellenes (Greece) ruled from 1922-1924 and 1935-1947. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece_(1828-1978). ... Admiral Kountouriotis Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis (1855-1935) (Greek: Παύλος Κουντουριώτης) was an acclaimed Greek military man, and twice the President of Greece. ... General Pangalos (1920) Theodoros Pangalos (Greek Θεόδωρος Πάγκαλος) (Born 1878, Salamina, Greece; died 1952, Athens, Greece) was a Greek general who briefly ruled the country in 1925 and 1926. ... Admiral Kountouriotis Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis (1855-1935) (Greek: Παύλος Κουντουριώτης) was an acclaimed Greek military man, and twice the President of Greece. ... Alexandros Zaimis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Ζαΐμης) (1855–1936) was a Greek politician. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece_(1828-1978). ... George II (Greek: Γεώργιος [Geōrgios]; 20 July 1890 — 1 April 1947), King of the Hellenes (Greece) ruled from 1922-1924 and 1935-1947. ... Paul, King of the Hellenes (December 14, 1901 - March 6, 1964), was King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. ... Constantine of Greece, formerly Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (born June 2, 1940) was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... The Phoenix rising from its flames and the silhouette of the soldier bearing a rifle with fixed bayonet was the emblem of the Junta. ... Georgios Zoitakis (1910 - 1996) was a Greek General. ... Georgios Papadopoulos (Greek: Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος, May 5, 1919 – June 27, 1999) was the head of the military coup détat that took place in Greece on April 21, 1967 and leader of the military government that ruled the country during the period 1967 - 1974. ... Phaedon Gizikis (Greek: Φαίδων Γκιζίκης). Army officer and president of Greece (1973-1974) Born in 1917, Phaedon Gizikis was a career Greek army officer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Phaedon Gizikis (Greek: Φαίδων Γκιζίκης). Army officer and president of Greece (1973-1974) Born in 1917, Phaedon Gizikis was a career Greek army officer. ... Michael Stasinopoulos (27 July 1903 - 31 October 2002) was a Greek politician. ... Konstantinos Tsatsos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Τσάτσος). Greek diplomat and politician; President of Greece from 1975 to 1980. ... Konstantinos Karamanlis Konstantinos Karamanlis (Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής in Greek; March 8, 1907 – April 23, 1998) was a towering figure of Greek politics. ... Ioannis Alevras (1912-1995) was a socialist politician who served as Chairman of the Greek Parliament. ... Christos Antoniou Sartzetakis (born 6 April 1929 - Thessaloniki) is a Greek jurist and an elder statesman. ... Konstantinos Karamanlis Konstantinos Karamanlis (Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής in Greek; March 8, 1907 – April 23, 1998) was a towering figure of Greek politics. ... Kostantinos Stefanopoulos Konstantinos Stephanopoulos was born in Patras on 15 August 1926. ... Karolos Papoulias Karolos Papoulias (Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας) is the President of the Hellenic Republic, former minister and member of the Hellenic parliament. ... The Prime Minister of Greece (Πρωθυπουργός in Greek) is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. ... Image File history File links COA_of_Greece. ... Alexander Mavrocordatos (1791-1865) Athens, Benaki Museum Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos (Greek: ) (born February 11, 1791, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Ä°stanbul, Turkey} – died August 18, 1865, Aegina), Greek statesman, a descendant of the Mavrocordatos family of Hospodars. ... Athanasios Kanakaris (Αθα&Icir