Otto III in a medieval manuscript

Otto III (980 – January 23, 1002, Paterno, Italy) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. He was elected king of Germany in 983 on the death of his father (Holy Roman Emperor Otto II). Image File history File links Otto_III_Holy_Roman_Empire. ... Image File history File links Otto_III_Holy_Roman_Empire. ... Events Births Emperor Ichijo of Japan Humbert I of Savoy Avicenna Godiva, Countess of Mercia Deaths Categories: 980 ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Civita Castellana (anc. ... Ottonian dynasty is a name sometimes given to a ruling dynasty of German kings, sometimes regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, (though Charlemagne is commonly viewed as the original founder. ... Events Hugh Capet, a distant relative of the last Carolingian king of the Franks, is crowned King of France, beginning the Capetian dynasty and, arguably, modern French history. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Otto II and Theophano. ...

Biography

Minor

Shortly after Otto's coronation as Emperor, a man named Henry the Quarrelsome (who has been deposed as Duke of Bavaria by Otto's father) abducted Otto. By May 984, however, he was forced to return Otto to his mother, the Byzantine Greek princess Theophanu, who served as regent until her death in 991. Otto's grandmother, Adelaide of Italy, then served together with Willigis, archbishop of Mainz, as regent until Otto III reached his majority in 994. Henry II the Wrangler Henry II (951–995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome, in German Heinrich der Zänker, was the son of Henry I and Judith of Bavaria and a seventh generation descendant of Charlemagne. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Enyu of Japan Emperor Kazan ascends to the throne of Japan Births Deaths Categories: 984 ... Byzantine Greeks or Byzantines, is a conventional term used by modern historians to refer to the medieval Greek or Hellenized citizens of the Byzantine Empire, centered mainly in Constantinople, southern Balkans, the Greek islands, the coasts of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) and the large urban centres of Near East and... Otto II and Theophano Theophanu (960 – June 15, 991) (Greek: Θεοφανώ Theophano), also spelled Theophania, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events Battle of Maldon Sweyn I of Denmark recovers his throne Births Deaths Theophanu, empress, mother of Otto III Emperor Enyu of Japan Categories: 991 ... Saint Adelaide (931 – 16 December 999) was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century. ... Saint Willigis (died February 23, 1011) was an Archbishop of Mainz, and a statesman as well as a churchman. ... Between 780/82 AD and 1802 AD the Archbishop of Mainz, was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince of the middle ages. ... Events Otto III reaches his majority and begins to rule Germany in his own right. ...

King and emperor

Otto attempted to revive the glory and power of ancient Rome with himself at the head of a theocratic state. In 996, he came to the aid of Pope John XV at the pope's request to put down the rebellion of a Roman nobleman named Crescentius II. He was declared King of Lombardy at Pavia, but failed to reach Rome before the Pope died. Once in Rome, he engineered the election of his cousin Bruno of Carinthia as Pope Gregory V, the first German pope, and the new pontiff crowned Otto emperor on May 21, 996, in Rome. Here his main advisors were two of the main characters of this age, his tutor Gerbert of Aurillac and the bishop Adalbert of Prague. Together with these two visionary men, influenced by the Roman ruins and perhaps by his Byzantine mother, Otto devised a dream of restoration of a universal Empire formed by the union of the Papacy, Byzantium and Rome. He also introduced some court customs in Greek. Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... Events March/April - Pope John XV dies before being being able to coronate Otto III, King of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... John XV, pope from 984 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities. ... The name of several leaders of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century, during their opposition to the imperial government of the time. ... Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia, Lombard: Lumbardìa) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... Church San Michele in Pavia The Old Bridge (Ponte Vecchio) on the Ticino river is a symbol of Pavia Pavìa (the ancient Ticinum) (population 71,000) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its... Gregory V, né Bruno ( 972 - February 18, 999), pope (May 3, 996 - February 18, 999), son of Otto, Duke of Carinthia and a grandson of the emperor Otto I the Great, succeeded John XV, when only twenty-four years of age. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... Silver coffin of St. ...

However, as soon as Otto had left Rome one year later, the city magnate Crescentius II deposed Gregory and installed John XVI as pope. Otto returned to Italy and retook the city in 998: Crescentius was executed in the Castel Sant'Angelo, the antipope mutilated and blinded, and Gregory reinstated. The name of several leaders of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century, during their opposition to the imperial government of the time. ... John XVI (originally John Piligato or Philagathus) (9XX - 1013?) was an Italian antipope between 997 and 998. ... Events Benedictine abbey founded at Sherborne Births Deaths Abul-Wafa, iranian mathematician Categories: 998 ... Castel SantAngelo from the bridge. ...

Otto made Rome the administrative center of his empire and revived elaborate Roman customs and Byzantine court ceremonies. He took the titles "the servant of Jesus Christ," "the servant of the apostles," and "emperor of the world." When Gregory V mysteriously died in 999, Otto arranged for Gerbert to be elected pope as Sylvester II. The use of this papal name was not casual: it recalled the first pope of this name, who had allegedly created the "Christian empire" together with Constantine the Great. Otto therefore was to be seen as the ideal successor to Constantine in the task of reunifying the Roman Empire. Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... Events Silesia is incorporated into territory ruled by Boleslaus I of Poland Pope Silvester II succeeds Pope Gregory V Sigmundur Brestisson introduces christianity in the Faroe Islands Deaths December 16 - Saint Adelaide of Italy (b. ... Gerbert of Aurillac, later known as pope Silvester II, (or Sylvester II), (ca. ... ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on...

Between 998 and 1000 Otto, being a fervent Christian, made several pilgrimages. He travelled to the Gargano Peninsula in Southern Italy and to Gaeta, where he met Saint Nilus the Younger, then a highly venerated religious figure. Later he left Italy, taking the pro-Byzantine Duke of Naples, John IV, captive with him, for the tomb of Adalbert of Prague (who in the meantime had been martyred by the pagan Prussians) at Gniezno, and during the meeting with Bolesław I the Brave in Congress of Gniezno he founded the archbishopric of Poland. In Eastern Europe Otto and his entourage strengthened relationships with the Polish Duchy and with Stephen of Hungary, who had requested and been granted a crown by Sylvester. Otto was advised by St Romuald, the fervent reforming hermit idealized by Peter Damian in the Vita beati Romualdi. Romuald urged Otto to become a monk. Events Benedictine abbey founded at Sherborne Births Deaths Abul-Wafa, iranian mathematician Categories: 998 ... Europe in 1000 The year 1000 of the Gregorian Calendar was the last year of the 10th century as well as the last year of the first millennium. ... Monte Gargano in Apulia, Italy, is the site of the oldest shrine in Western Europe dedicated to the archangel Michael, the militant Christian transformation of Mithras. ... Gaeta (ancient Latin name Caieta) is a city in Province of Latina, in Lazio, Italy. ... Nilus the Younger of Rossano, in Calabria; born in 910, died 27 December 1005. ... The dukes of Naples were the military commanders of the ducatus Neapolitanus, a Byzantine outpost in Italy, one of the few remaining after the coming of the Lombards and Saracens. ... John IV was the mostly absentee duke of Naples from 997 to after 1002. ... The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, were Indo-European Balts inhabiting the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons (i. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... Reign 992 — 1025. ... The Congress of Gniezno took place on March 11th 1000 and is one of the more important events in Polish history, though scholars disagree over the details of the decisions made at the meeting, especially whether the Polish prince was pledged the kings crown or not. ... Motto: none1 Anthem: Mazurek DÄ…browskiego(Polish) DÄ…browskis Mazurka Poland() – on the European continent() – in the European Union() [] Capital (and largest city)  Warsaw Official languages Polish2 Government Parliamentary republic  - President Lech KaczyÅ„ski  - Prime minister JarosÅ‚aw KaczyÅ„ski Formation  - Christianisation4 966   - Redeclared November 11, 1918  Accession to... A statue of Stephen the Great King Stephen the Great or St. ...

Another model to whom Otto strongly aspired was Charlemagne: in the year 1000 he visited his tomb in Aachen, removing relics from it. He had also carried back parts of the body of Adalbert, which he placed in a splendid new church he had built in the Isola Tiberina in Rome, now San Bartolomeo all'Isola (Otto also added the skin of Saint Bartholomew to the relics housed there). A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht Dürer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... Europe in 1000 The year 1000 of the Gregorian Calendar was the last year of the 10th century as well as the last year of the first millennium. ... Oche redirects here; in darts the oche is the line from which players must throw. ... A view from the south on the Tiber Island The Tiber Island (Italian: Isola Tiberina, Latin: Insula Tiberina) is a boat-shaped island in the southern bend of the Tiber river in Rome. ... Facade of San Bartolomeo allIsola. ... Michelangelos The Last Judgement shows Saint Bartholomew holding the knife of his martyrdom and his flayed skin. ...

A minor rebellion by the town of Tibur (Tivoli) in 1001 ended up as his undoing. He retook the town, but spared the inhabitants, which angered the people of Rome, as Tibur was a rival they wanted destroyed. This led to a rebellion in February of the Roman people, headed by Gregory Count of Tusculum; Otto was besieged in his palace and then driven from the city. He withdrew to Ravenna to do penance in the monastery of Sant'Apollinare in Classe. After having summoned his army, Otto headed southwards to reconquer Rome, but died in the castle of Paterno on January 24, 1002. A Byzantine princess had just disembarked in Puglia, on her way to marry him. Tivoli (population 55,000), the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town some 20 km from Rome (Latium), at the falls of the Aniene, where it issues from the Sabine hills. ... Events Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Silvester II. Canonisation of Edward the Martyr, king of England. ... Tusculum, an ancient city of Latium, situated in a commanding position on the north edge of the outer crater ring of the Alban volcano, 18 km (11 miles) north-east of the modern Frascati. ... Ravenna is a city and commune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... The Basilica of SantApollinare in Classe. ... Civita Castellana (anc. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Apulia is a region of Italy (called Puglia in Italian), bordering on Molise to the north-west, Campania to the south-west, Basilicata to the south, the Adriatic Sea to the east and the Ionian Sea to the south-east. ...

Causes of death

Otto's death has been attributed to various causes; medieval sources speak of malaria, which he had caught in the unhealthy marshes that surrounded Ravenna. The Romans suggested instead that Stefania, the widow of Crescentius, had made him fall in love with her and then poisoned him. Otto's body was carried back to Germany by his loyal soldiers, and buried in Aachen together with that of Charlemagne. His tomb, however, has been lost. Oche redirects here; in darts the oche is the line from which players must throw. ... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht Dürer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ...

Henry succeeded him as king of Germany (and later as emperor) as Henry II. Henry II with his wife Cunigunde of Luxemburg Saint Henry II (972 – 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ...

Otto III also found he left-handed ruler perched on a marble throne --71.14.79.247 02:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)inside of charlemagnes tomb

References

Otto II and Theophano. ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Events Hugh Capet, a distant relative of the last Carolingian king of the Franks, is crowned King of France, beginning the Capetian dynasty and, arguably, modern French history. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ... Henry II with his wife Cunigunde of Luxemburg Saint Henry II (972 – 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Events March/April - Pope John XV dies before being being able to coronate Otto III, King of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events November 13 - English king Ethelred gives order to kill all Danes in England, leading to the St. ...

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