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Ottoman architecture is the architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries. The architecture of the empire developed from the earlier Seljuk architecture and was heavily influenced by the Persian, and to a larger extent, Byzantine architecture as well as Islamic Mamluk traditions after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans.[1][2][3] For almost 500 years Byzantine architectural artifacts such as the church of Hagia Sophia served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques.[4] Overall, Ottoman architecture has been described as a synthesis of the architectural traditions of the Mediterranean and the Middle East.[5] The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αÏχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αÏχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
Bursa (formerly known as Brusa, Greek Prusa, Î ÏοÏσσα) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Bursa Province. ...
Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne (Greek: ΑδÏιανοÏπολη, Bulgarian: Одрин) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ...
The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyÄn; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-SalÄjiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of...
The Baháí House of Worship by Fariborz Sahba, also known as the Lotus Temple. ...
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ...
// Combatants Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Constantine XI†Loukas Notaras Giovanni Giustiniani†[1] Mehmed II Strength 5,000 militia soldiers plus 2,000 Italian mercenaries 80,000[1] - 150,000[1] Casualties Most of Byzantine defenders, some mercenaries, many civilians Heavy The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the...
This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...
The Ottomans achieved the highest level architecture in their lands hence or since. They mastered the technique of building vast inner spaces confined by seemingly weightless yet massive domes, and achieving perfect harmony between inner and outer spaces, as well as light and shadow. Islamic religious architecture which until then consisted of simple buildings with extensive decorations, was transformed by the Ottomans through a dynamic architectural vocabulary of vaults, domes, semi domes and columns. The mosque was transformed from being a cramped and dark chamber with arabesque-covered walls into a sanctuary of aesthetic and technical balance, refined elegance and a hint of heavenly transcendence. Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
The Lierne vault of the Liebfrauenkirche, Mühlacker 1482. ...
Early architecture
Water Fountain in Istanbul, 1878 In their homeland in Central Asia, Turks lived in dome-like tents appropriate to their natural surroundings. These tents later influenced Turkish architecture and ornamental arts[citation needed]. When the Seljuqs first arrived in Iran, they encountered an architecture based on old traditions. Integrating this with elements from their own traditions[citation needed], the Seljuks produced new types of structures, most notably the "medrese" (moslem theological schools)[citation needed]. The first medreses - known as Nizāmīyah - were constructed in the 11th century by the famous minister Nizam ul-Mulk, during the time of Alp Arslan and Malik Shah. The most important ones are the three government medreses in Nishapur, Tus and Baghdad and the Hargerd Medrese in Khorasan. Another area in which the Seljuqs contributed to architecture is that of tomb monument[citation needed]. These can be divided into two types: vaults and large dome-like mausoleums. Image File history File links Constantinople(1878)-New_Picture_(7). ...
Image File history File links Constantinople(1878)-New_Picture_(7). ...
The Seljuqs (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuk, sometimes also Seljuq Turks; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyÄn; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-SalÄjiqa) were a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic descent[1][2][3][4] that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East...
A Madrasah complex in Gambia Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ...
Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Tusi Nizam al-Mulk (نظام الملك، ابو علي الحسن الطوسي in Arabic; 1018 - 14 October 1092) was a celebrated Persian vizier of the Seljuk...
Muhammed ben Daud (1029 – December 15, 1072), the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks, in Persia, and great-grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty. ...
Malik Shah was the name of a number of rulers in the Middle East and Persia. ...
Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. ...
Categories: Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ...
Baghdad (Arabic ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...
Nader Afshars tomb in Mashad. ...
The Lierne vault of the Liebfrauenkirche, Mühlacker 1482. ...
St. ...
The Ribat-e Sharif and the Ribat-e Anushirvan are examples of surviving 12th century Seljuq caravansarays, which offered shelter for travellers. Seljuq buildings generally incorporate brick, while the inner and outer walls are decorated in a material made by mixing marble, powder, lime and plaster. In typical buildings of the Anatolian Seljuq period, the major construction material was wood, laid horizontally except along windows and doors where columns were considered more decorative.[citation needed] The Sultanate of Rûm was a Seljuk sultanate in Anatolia from 1077 to 1307. ...
Early Ottoman period
 Traditional Turkish house in Ohrid in Macedonia With the establishment of the Ottoman empire, the years 1300-1453 constitute the early or first Ottoman period, when Ottoman art was in search of new ideas. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques. The Haci Ozbek Mosque (1333) in Iznik, the first important center of Ottoman art, is the first example of an Ottoman single-domed mosque. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 382 KB) [edit] Summary The house of the Robevi family in Ohrid [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ohrid Metadata This file contains additional...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 382 KB) [edit] Summary The house of the Robevi family in Ohrid [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ohrid Metadata This file contains additional...
City motto : Coordinates Municipality : Ohrid municipality Elevation 695 m Population 55 749 Time zone - Standard - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded Area code +389 046 Postal code 6000 Car plates OH Official Website www. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1536, 762 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Safranbolu Portal:Turkey/Photo archive Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1536, 762 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Safranbolu Portal:Turkey/Photo archive Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or...
Traditional houses in old town Traditional house Safranbolu is a town in Turkey and a district of Karabük Province. ...
Iznik (which derives from the former Greek name, Nicaea) is a city in Turkey which is known primarily as the site of two major meetings (or Ecumenical councils) in the early history of the Christian church. ...
Bursa Period (1299-1437) The domed architectural style evolved from Bursa and Edirne. The Holy Mosque in Bursa was the first Seljuk mosque to be converted into a domed one. Edirne was the last Ottoman capital before Istanbul, and it is here that we witness the final stages in the architectural development that culminated in the construction of the great mosques of Istanbul. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the capture of the city and the construction of the Istanbul Beyazit Mosque are also considered works of the early period. Among these are the Fatih Mosque (1470), Mahmutpaşa Mosque, the tiled palace and Topkapi Palace. The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. Bursa (formerly known as Brusa, Greek Prusa, Î ÏοÏσσα) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Bursa Province. ...
Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne (Greek: ΑδÏιανοÏπολη, Bulgarian: Одрин) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ...
Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul, Greek: , historically known in English as Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ...
The Mosque was commissioned by Bayazid II, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512 and its located in the Bayazid Square. ...
The Fatih Mosque Complex extends along the Golden Horn side of Fevzipasa Street in Fatih. ...
Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish, literally the Cannongate Palace - named after a nearby gate), located in Istanbul (Constantinople), was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1465 to 1853. ...
A hammam in Chefchaouen, Morocco The Turkish hammam (also Turkish bath or hamam) is the Middle Eastern variant of a steam bath, which can be categorized as a wet relative of the sauna. ...
Classical period (1437-1703) During the classical period mosque plans changed to include inner and outer courtyards. The inner courtyard and the mosque were inseparable. The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. Sinan started a new era in world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Şehzade Mosque completed in 1548. His second significant work was the Süleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Kanuni Sultan Süleyman. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568-74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. The Rüstempaşa, Mihriman Sultan, Ibrahimpasa Mosques and the Şehzade, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman, Hurrem Sultan and Selim II mausoleums are among Sinan's most renowned works. Sinan should no be confused with Sinan Pasha. ...
Kayseri (Greek: ΚαισάÏεια), in the antiquity Mazaka and later Caesarea, is an industrialized city in Turkey. ...
The Suleiman Mosque side view. ...
Suleiman I (Ottoman:سليمان SulaymÄn, Turkish: Süleyman; the long name is Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in Turkish) (November 6, 1494 – September 5/6, 1566), was the tenth Sultan from the House of Osman of the Ottoman Empire, and its longest-serving, reigning from 1520 to 1566. ...
Selimiye mosque Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575. ...
Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne (Greek: ΑδÏιανοÏπολη, Bulgarian: Одрин) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ...
Shahzade may refer to: Shahzade, a prince of the Iran royal house The son or male line descendant of an Ottoman Sultan Category: ...
Roxelana Roxelana, Roxolana, Roxelane, Rossa, Ruziac, known also by her Turkish name of Khourrem (or Hürrem or Karima), meaning the cheerful one, (circa 1500 - April 18, 1558) was the wife of sultan Süleyman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire. ...
Selim II Selim II (May 28, 1524 – December 12, 1574) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death. ...
Interior of Selimiye Mosque Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, aside from Turkey, can also be seen in the Balkans, Hungary, Egypt, Tunisia and Algiers, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1800x1200, 1412 KB) Selimiye Mosque, Dome File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Islamic architecture Turkey Selimiye Mosque Ottoman architecture Portal:Turkey/Photo archive Metadata This file contains...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1800x1200, 1412 KB) Selimiye Mosque, Dome File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Islamic architecture Turkey Selimiye Mosque Ottoman architecture Portal:Turkey/Photo archive Metadata This file contains...
Balkan peninsula with northwest border Isonzo-Krka-Sava The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of southeastern Europe. ...
This article is about the capital of Algeria. ...
Westernization period
 A view from in of traditional Turkish houses-Lewis, John Frederick, 1805-1875, British painter During the reign of Ahmed III (1703-1730) and under the impetus of his grand vizier Ibrahim Pasha, a period of peace ensued. Due to its relations with France, Ottoman architecture began to be influenced by the Baroque and Rococo styles that were popular in Europe. The Baroque style is noted as first being developed by Seljuk Turks. [6] [7]Examples of the creation of this art form can be witnessed in Divrigi hospital and mosque a UNESCO world heritage site, Sivas Cifteminare, Konya Ince Minare museum and many more. It is often called the Seljuk Baroque portal. From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. Various visitors and envoys were sent to European cities, especially to Paris, to experience the contemporary European customs and life. The decorative elements of the European Baroque and Rococo influenced even the religious Ottoman architecture. On the other hand, Mellin, a French architect, was invited by a sister of Sultan Selim III to Istanbul and depicted the Bosphorus shores and the pleasure mansions (Yalı's) placed next to the sea. During a thirty-year period known as the Tulip Period, all eyes were turned to the West, and instead of monumental and classical works, villas and pavilions were built around Istanbul. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace in Eastern Anatolia was going on, (1685-1784). Image File history File links John_frederick_lewis-reception1873. ...
Image File history File links John_frederick_lewis-reception1873. ...
Sultan Ahmed III Köçeks at a fair. ...
Ibrahim Pasha (Arabic: ابراهيم باشا) ‎ (1789 – 10 November 1848), a 19th century general of Egypt. ...
Block quote For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...
North side of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo - carriage courtyard: all the stucco details sparkled with gold until 1773, when Catherine II had gilding replaced with olive drab paint. ...
Block quote For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...
The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyÄn; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-SalÄjiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of...
DivriÄŸi is a city and a district of Sivas Province of Turkey. ...
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...
Sivas is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey. ...
Tomb of Mevlana Rumi is a popular attraction of Konya. ...
City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...
Robert Hjalmar Mellin (1854, Liminka, Finland-1933) was a Finnish mathematician. ...
A Yalı is a waterfront summer mansion and residence, which were established in timber construction method particularly on the bank of the Bosphorus in Istanbul. ...
Ishak Pasha Palace is an administrative complex in Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province in Turkey. ...
Tulip Period (1703-1757) Beginning with this period, the upper class and the elites in the Ottoman empire started to use the open and public areas frequently. The traditional, introverted manner of the society began to change. Fountains and waterside residences such as Aynalıkavak Kasrı become popular. A water canal (other name is Cetvel-i Sim), a picnic area (Kağıthane) were established as recreational area. Although the tulip age ended with the Patrona Halil uprising, it became a model for attitudes of westernization. During the years 1720-1890, Ottoman architecture deviated from the principals of classical times. With Ahmed III’s death, Mahmud I took the throne (1730-1754). It was during this period that Baroque-style mosques were starting to be constructed. Events of the Patrona Halil rebellion; painting by Jean-Baptiste van Mour Patrona Halil Ä°syanı (d. ...
Sultan Mahmud I Mahmud I (August 2, 1696 – December 13, 1754) was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1730 to 1754. ...
Baroque Period (1757-1808) Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period. Major examples are Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque, Zeynep Sultan Mosque, Laleli Mosque, Fatih Tomb, Laleli Cukurcesme Inn, Birgi Cakiraga Mansion, Aynali Kavak Summerplace, and Selimiye Barracks. Mimar Tahir is the important architect of the time. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 434 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (870 × 1201 pixel, file size: 444 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ortaköy mosque, Istanbul photo by Radomil talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 434 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (870 × 1201 pixel, file size: 444 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ortaköy mosque, Istanbul photo by Radomil talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on...
Zeynep Sultan Mosque The Zeynep Sultan Mosque (in Turkish Zeynep Sultan Camii) is a baroque style mosque built in 1769 by Ayazma Mosques architect Mehmet Tahir Ağa for Ahmed IIIs daughter Zeynep Asıme Sultan. ...
Laleli Mosque exterior The Laleli Mosque (Turkish: Laleli Camii) is a mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey built by Ottoman emperor Mustafa III from 1760–1763. ...
Empire Period (1808-1876)
Çırağan Palace is an example of Empire period Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaköy Mosque, Sultan Mahmut Tomb, Galata Lodge of Mevlevi Derviches, Dolmabahçe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yalı, Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style developed parallel with the westernization process. Architects from the Balyan family were the leading ones of the time. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 439 pixel Image in higher resolution (892 × 490 pixel, file size: 225 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ciragan Palace, Istanbul photo by Radomil talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 439 pixel Image in higher resolution (892 × 490 pixel, file size: 225 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ciragan Palace, Istanbul photo by Radomil talk File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other...
Çırağan Palace (tr: Çırağan Sarayı) is a famous former royal palace in Istanbul. ...
Ortaköy Mosque and Bosphorus Bridge Ortaköy Mosque of İstanbul is situated at waterside of the Ortaköy Pier square, one of the most beautiful locations on the Bosphorus. ...
A view of the Dolmabahçe from the Bosphorus with modern Istanbul in the background The famous Crystal Staircase The main hall The Dolmabahçe Palace (Turkish: ) is a palace in Istanbul, located at the western, European, side of the Bosphorus. ...
Designed in the Baroque style by Sarkis Balyan, Beylerbeyi Palace seems fairly restrained compared to the excesses of the earlier Dolmabahçe or Küçüksu palaces. ...
A Yalı is a waterfront summer mansion and residence, which were established in timber construction method particularly on the bank of the Bosphorus in Istanbul. ...
Kuleli Military High School is the first military high school in Turkey, located in Çengelköy, Istanbul. ...
The Balyan family is a dynasty of famous Ottoman imperial architects of Armenian ethnicity, who designed and constructed numerous magnificent buildings like sultan palaces, kiosks, mosques, churches and various public buildings mostly in Ä°stanbul for five generations in the 18th and 19th century. ...
Late period (1876-1922) Aksaray Valide Mosque, Sheikh Zafir Group of Buildings, Haydarpasha School of Medicine, Duyun-u Umumiye Building, Istanbul Title Deed Office, Large Postoffice Buildings, Laleli Harikzedegan Apartments are the important structures of this period when an eclectic style was dominant. R. D'Aronco, A. Vallaury are leading architects of the time. Eclecticism is an approach to thought that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions or conclusions, but instead draws upon multiple theories to gain complementary insights into phenomena, or applies only certain theories in particular cases. ...
Raimondo Tommaso D’Aronco (1857-1932) was an Italian architect renowned for his building designs in the style of Art Nouveau. ...
Alexander Vallaury (1850-1921) was a French-Turkish architect, who founded architectural education and lectured in the School of Fine Arts in Istanbul, Turkey. ...
Republic of Turkey (since 1923)
Ankara with the Anıtkabir in the foreground In this period, Turkish architects looked into the religious and classical buildings of former times for inspiration in their attempts to construct a national architecture. Nationalism, developing strongly after the second Ottoman constitutional period, freed Ottoman architecture from the influence of western art, and thereby brought about a new style based on classical Ottoman architecture. Image File history File links Ataturk's_Mausoleum_in_Ankara_(tr). ...
Image File history File links Ataturk's_Mausoleum_in_Ankara_(tr). ...
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ...
Anitkabir, the mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, in Ankara, Turkey Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Kemal Atatürk, the leader of Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. ...
Following this development, the Ismet Paşa Girls' Institute, the Ankara Faculty of Letters, the Saraçoglu district, the Grand Theater and the Istanbul Hilton paved the way for recognition of contemporary architecture. During this period, Sedat Hakkı Eldem built the Istanbul Science-Literature Faculty and Emin Onat designed Atatürk Mausoleum, in Ankara. Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Kemal Atatürk, in Ankara, Turkey Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the leader of Turkish War of Independence and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. ...
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ...
See also History of Architecture Series This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. ...
The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...
Tekke is a Turkish word which corresponds to the Arabic word Zawya or the Persian Dergah. ...
A Yalı is a waterfront summer mansion and residence, which were established in timber construction method particularly on the bank of the Bosphorus in Istanbul. ...
Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575. ...
A Turkish bath is a method of cleansing the body and relaxation that was particularly popular during the Victorian era. ...
Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han, Ke-Han) is a title with many meanings. ...
Çeşme is a small village on the west coast of Turkey. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
// 250 years 1000 years - The last 250 years (fine grid) is detailed above 8000 years - The last 1000 years (fine grid) is detailed above Voorthuis - Timelines Categories: | ...
Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period. ...
For at least ten thousand years, the Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations in the world. ...
As unique and spectacular as any Greek or Roman architecture, Maya architecture spans many thousands of years; yet, often the most dramatic and easily recognizable as Maya are the fantastic stepped pyramids from the Terminal Pre-classic period and beyond. ...
The Sumerians generally built structures using mud brick. ...
From the point of view of modern times, the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean sometimes seem to blend smoothly into one melange we call the Classical. ...
Mesoamerican architecture is the set of architectural traditions produced by pre-Columbian cultures and civilizations of Mesoamerica, traditions which are best known in the form of public, ceremonial and urban monumental buildings and structures. ...
The restored Stoa of Attalus, Athens Architecture, defined as building executed to an aesthetically considered design, was extinct in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC) to the 7th century BC, when urban life and prosperity recovered to a point where public building could be undertaken. ...
The Colosseum in Rome, Italy. ...
View of Machu Picchu Incan architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. ...
Sassanid architecture. ...
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Stupa at Swayambhunath Newari architecture is the architecture developed by Newars. ...
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent in the third century BCE. Two types of structures are associated with early Buddhism: stupas and viharas. ...
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl(1165) - an archetypal example of early Russian architecture. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Königsberg Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ...
Categories: Buildings and structures stubs ...
Vijayanagar Raya Gopura Belur, Karnataka The Vijayanagara Architecture of the period (1336 - 1565CE) was a unique building idiom evolved by the imperial Vijayanagar Empire that ruled the whole of South India from their regal capital at Vijayanagara on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in Karnataka, India. ...
Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. ...
Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. ...
The neoclassical movement that produced Neoclassical architecture began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. ...
Château de Ferrières 1855 Mentmore Towers English Neo-Renaissance of the 1850s. ...
Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin The Gothic Revival was an architectural movement which originated in mid-18th century England. ...
Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, a well known example of modern architecture Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament, that first arose around 1900. ...
1000 de La Gauchetière, with ornamented and strongly defined top, middle and bottom. ...
Notes - ^ http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004103147&id=RtbeBrAHhxgC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=Ottoman+Architecture&sig=kyV4nY9UeDi9IGq9BmnLwqfDCpg
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004096264&id=INsmT6zjAl8C&pg=RA1-PA29&lpg=RA1-PA29&ots=MylVlT4ry8&dq=Ottoman+Architecture&sig=5MqKU9U_Fj_gRDoqUlOC_eWesvA
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0898622727&id=wgPSUQ873scC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=Ottoman+Architecture&sig=tTkFRsExhU-hua8LAcqwgQQgp1c
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0898622727&id=wgPSUQ873scC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=Ottoman+Architecture&sig=tTkFRsExhU-hua8LAcqwgQQgp1c
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004076115&id=Xu_L_FJRvUIC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=Ottoman+Architecture&sig=hZkjw1K4jYaKqrq6MIHXCuVrIAs
- ^ Hoag, J.D. (1987) 'Islamic architecture', Faber & Faber London
- ^ Professor Aslanapa, Turkish Art and Architecture ISBN 0-571-08781-7
External links v • d • e Architecture of Europe Albania · Andorra · Armenia2 · Austria · Azerbaijan1 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus2 · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia1 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan1 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey1 · Ukraine · United Kingdom Portable Document Format (PDF), sometimes mistaken for Printable Document Format, is an open file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 and is now being prepared for submission as an ISO standard[1]. It is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent fixed-layout...
Portable Document Format (PDF), sometimes mistaken for Printable Document Format, is an open file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 and is now being prepared for submission as an ISO standard[1]. It is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a device independent and resolution independent fixed-layout...
This is a list of Turkey-related articles. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ...
Languages Turkish Religions Muslim or nominally Muslim, predominantly Sunni Islam, followed by Alevis. ...
The People of Turkey covers the changes to Turkish people during the 20th century. ...
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–November 10, 1938), Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and anti-imperialist statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ...
Generals Mustafa Kemal and İsmet İnönü before the Battle of Dumlupınar, August 1922 İnönüs tomb Mustafa İsmet İnönü (September 24, 1884–December 25, 1973) was a Turkish soldier, statesman and the second President of Turkey. ...
Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (May 28, 1925–November 5, 2006; pronounced ), was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist. ...
Turkey is a successor state of the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic empire consolidated by gradual conquest during medieval and early modern times (1300-1700). ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Anatolian beyliks (also Turkmen beyliks, Tevâif-i mülûk (in Ottoman Turkish) were small Turkish emirates or muslim principalities (beylik) governed by tribal beys, which were founded in several locations of Anatolia as of the end of the 13th century. ...
Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 Osman I - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI...
In the late 13th century the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. ...
This article is in need of attention. ...
The Battle of Vienna of 1683 was the real point at which the Empire began its decline. ...
Graphical timeline Decline of the Ottoman Empire covers the military and political events between 1828 to 1908. ...
// Balkan Wars The Ottoman army in the balkans was large and appeared on the surface to be modern. ...
History of Turkey redirects here. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Atatürk, modern Turkeys founder and first President The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923 (the Republic was declared on January 20, 1921), with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president. ...
This page summarizes the history after the Multi-party period. ...
This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ...
// Over the centuries, Turkey has had many constitutions and can be caracterized by the steady establishment of a nation-state, democratization and internationalisation. ...
At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped: agriculture depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing basic products such as sugar and flour were under foreign control. ...
A graphical timeline is available here: History of the Republic of Turkey // The wearing of the turban and the fez, a traditional Ottoman hat, is outlawed. ...
Turkey is a secular, republican parliamentary democracy. ...
There have been ten Presidents of the Republic of Turkey since its inception. ...
This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ...
The Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ...
Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. ...
Elections in Turkey gives information on election and election results in Turkey. ...
Because of geopolitical reasons, foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey are primarily with the Western world and its neighboring countries. ...
// Since the establishment of the republic in 1923, there has been a strong tradition of secularism in Turkey. ...
// Overview Part Four, Section Two of the Turkish Constitution has established the Constitutional Court of Turkey that statutes on the conformity of laws and decrees to the Constitution, and it can be seized by the President of the Republic, the government, the members of Parliament or any judge before whom...
Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
— Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of archaeological and historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Below each region you will find associated Cities with the region. ...
Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ...
The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilçeler; sing. ...
This is a list of cities in Turkey by population (according to the 2000 census). ...
The Turkish Riviera is a term used to define the area between two geographical regions of Turkey because of the archeological and natural riches of the area. ...
Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal This is a list of companies from Turkey. ...
// Bayındırbank A.Ş. Albaraka Turk Arap Türk Bankası A.Ş. BankEuropa Bankası A.Ş. Kuveyt Türk Bankası A.Ş. Citibank A.Ş. Deutsche Bank A.Ş. Fortis Bank A.Ş. HSBC Bank A.Ş. ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Banca di Roma S.P.A. Bank Mellat Habib Bank Limited J P Morgan Chase...
On 31 December 1995 the customs union between Turkey and the European Union came into effect. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
TRY banknotes and coins The Turkish new lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. ...
Disclaimer: It must be noted that state terminology of Turkish people is People of Turkey. Turkish people as an ethnic group is not present in Turkish official terminology. ...
Turkish () is a Turkic language, spoken mainly in Turkey, with smaller communities of speakers in Bulgaria[3], the Republic of Macedonia,[4] Uzbekistan,[5] Cyprus,[6] Greece,[7] as well as by several million emigrants in Western Europe. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Turkey is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights and the Turkish Constitution guarantees basic human rights to all Turkish citizens. ...
Traditional Turkish coffee The culture of Turkey is a diverse one, derived from various elements of the Ottoman Empire, European, and the Islamic traditions. ...
Turkish art is a term referring to the visual arts and plastic arts (often including architecture, woodwork, textiles and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey. ...
Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic, Arabic, Greek and Persian cuisines. ...
Turkish dances include Halay, Zeybek, Horon, and Karsilama. ...
More than 100 festivals are held in Turkey every year. ...
Ahi Evren Ahriyan Al Basti Alaturbi Ancomah Bardi Cazi Germakoçi Karakoncolos Karakura Kolot Tavara // Breaking vine In Trabzon region folklore (Çarşıbaşi town) For testing whether the new bride is propitious, when she comes to the house, she is asked to break a vine from three points and...
The official holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of March 19, 1981 that replaced the Act 2739 of May 27, 1935. ...
A page from the Dîvân-ı Fuzûlî, the collected poems of the 16th-century Ottoman poet Fuzûlî Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken...
History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Opera - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral - MÜ-YAP - MGD Charts Powerturk 40 - Kral 20 Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Ankara IMF - Izmir European Jazz Festival - Aspendos International Opera and Ballet...
Turkish theatre can be observed under two main titles: Traditional Turkish theatre and Westernized Turkish theatre. ...
This is a list of radio stations in Turkey. ...
The Coat of Arms of Turkey is a red oval containing a vertically-oriented crescent and star from the Turkish flag surrouned by the official name of the country in Turkish. ...
Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Turkey consists of a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. ...
The İstiklâl Marşı (i. ...
Montenegro has a number of significant cultural and historical sites, including heritage sites from the pre-Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque periods. ...
Dependencies, autonomies and other territories
Abkhazia1 · Adjara1 · Åland · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Kosovo · Nagorno-Karabakh1 · Nakhichevan1 · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus2, 3 A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ...
An autonomous area is an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy. ...
Types of political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ...
1 Has significant territory in Asia. 2 Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. 3 Only recognised by Turkey. A transcontinental country is a country belonging to more than one continent. ...
A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ...
v • d • e Architecture of Asia Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Cambodia · China (People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau) · Republic of China (Taiwan)) · Cyprus · East Timor · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Israel (see also Palestinian territories) · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · North Korea · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Myanmar · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen Bank of China Tower at night. ...
Subcategories There is one subcategory to this category shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages). ...
1 Has some territory in Europe. A transcontinental country is a country belonging to more than one continent. ...
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