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20th century · Contemporary French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak other traditional non-French languages. ...
Medieval French literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in Oïl languages (including Old French and early Middle French) during the period from the eleventh century to the end of the fifteenth century. ...
French Renaissance literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French (Middle French) from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 to 1600, or roughly the period from the reign of Charles VIII of France to the ascension of Henri IV of France to the throne. ...
Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) French literature of the 17th century spans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the Fronde) and the...
French literature of the 18th century spans the period from the death of Louis XIV of France, through the Régence (during the minority of Louis XV) and the reigns of Louis XV of France and Louis XVI of France to the start of the French Revolution. ...
French literature of the nineteenth century is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French from (roughly) 1799 to 1900. ...
French literature of the twentieth century is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French from (roughly) 1895 to 1990. ...
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Short story writers Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality), by date of birth. ...
| | France portal | | Literature portal This box: view • talk • edit | Oulipo (pronounced oo-lee-PO) stands for "Ouvroir de littérature potentielle", which translates roughly as "workshop of potential literature". It is a loose gathering of (mainly) French-speaking writers and mathematicians, and seeks to create works using constrained writing techniques. It was founded in 1960 by Raymond Queneau and François Le Lionnais. Other notable members include novelists like Georges Perec and Italo Calvino, poets like Oskar Pastior or Jacques Roubaud, also known as a mathematician. For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ...
Constrained writing is a literary technique in which the writer is bound by some condition that forbids certain things or imposes a pattern. ...
Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Raymond Queneau (February 21, 1903 – October 25, 1976) was a French poet and novelist. ...
François Le Lionnais (October 3, 1901 – March 13, 1984) was a French chemical engineer and mathematician, perhaps best known as a founder of the literary movement Oulipo. ...
For other uses, see Novel (disambiguation). ...
Image of artist Georges Perec (March 7, 1936 - March 3, 1982) was a 20th century French novelist, filmmaker and essayist, a member of the Oulipo group and considered by many to be one of the most important post-WWII authors. ...
Italo Calvino, on the cover of Lezioni americane: Sei proposte per il prossimo millennio Italo Calvino (October 15, 1923 – September 19, 1985) (pronounced ) was an Italian writer and novelist. ...
This article is about the art form. ...
Oskar Pastior (October 20, 1927, Sibiu - October 4, 2006, Frankfurt) was a German-Romanian writer and the only German member of Oulipo. ...
Jacques Roubaud (born 1932) is a French poet and mathematician. ...
The group defines the term 'littérature potentielle' as (rough translation): "the seeking of new structures and patterns which may be used by writers in any way they enjoy".
Constraints are used as a means of triggering ideas and inspiration, most notably Perec's "story-making machine" which he used in the construction of Life: A User's Manual. As well as established techniques, such as lipograms (Perec's novel A Void) and palindromes, the group devises new techniques, often based on mathematical problems such as the Knight's Tour of the chess-board and permutations. A lipogram (from Greek lipagrammatos, missing letter) is a kind of writing with constraints or word game consisting of writing paragraphs or longer works in which a particular letter or group of letters is missing, usually a common vowel, the most common in English being e (McArthur, 1992). ...
La Disparition (literally, The Disappearance) is a 300 page French lipogrammatic novel, written in 1969 by Georges Perec, entirely without the letter e, following Oulipo constraints. ...
For the movie, see Palindromes (film). ...
An open knights tour of a chessboard The Knights tour as solved by The Turk, a chess-playing machine hoax. ...
This article is about the Western board game. ...
History
Oulipo was founded on November 24, 1960, as a subcommittee of the Collège de ‘Pataphysique and titled Séminaire de littérature expérimentale. However at their second meeting, this first name was withdrawn in favor of today's Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle, or OuLiPo, at Albert-Marie Schmidt's suggestion. The idea, however, preceded the first meeting by roughly two months, when a small group met in September at Cerisy-la-Salle for a colloquium on Queneau's work. During this seminar, Queneau and François Le Lionnais conceived of the society. Pataphysics, a term coined by the French writer Alfred Jarry, is a philosophy dedicated to studying what lies beyond the realm of metaphysics. ...
During the subsequent decade, Oulipo was only rarely visible as a group. As a subcommittee, they reported their work to the full Collège de 'Pataphysique in 1961. In addition, Temps Mêlés (French) devoted an issue to Oulipo in 1964, and Belgian radio broadcast one Oulipo meeting. Its members were, however, individually active during these years, and the group as a whole began to emerge from obscurity in 1973 with the publication of La Littérature Potentielle, a collection of representative pieces. Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ...
For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ...
Oulipian works Some examples of Oulipian writing: Queneau's Exercices de Style is the recounting of the same inconsequential episode ninety-nine times, in which a man witnesses a minor altercation on a bus trip, each unique in terms of tone and style. Exercises in Style, written by Raymond Queneau (in French, the original title is Exercices de style) is a collection of 99 retellings of the same story, each in a different style. ...
Plaisirs singuliers by Harry Mathews (the only American member of Oulipo) describes 61 different scenes, each told in a different style (generally poetic, elaborate, or circumlocutory) in which 61 different people (all of different ages, nationalities, and walks of life) masturbate. Harry Mathews (1930 - ) is an American author of numerous novels, volumes of poetry, and essays. ...
Queneau's Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes is inspired by children's picture books in which each page is cut into horizontal strips which can be turned independently, allowing different pictures (usually of people) to be combined in many ways. Queneau applies this technique to poetry: the book contains 10 sonnets, each on a page. Each page is split into 14 strips, one for each line. The author estimates in the introductory explanation that it would take approximately 200 million years to read all possible combinations. Raymond Queneau’s Hundred Thousand Billion Poems or One hundred million million poems (original French title: Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes), published in 1961, is a set of ten sonnets. ...
The term sonnet derives from the Provençal word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning little song. ...
Constraints Some Oulipian constraints:
The "N+7" method: Replace every noun in a text with the noun seven entries after it in a dictionary. For example, "Call me Ishmael. Some years ago..." (from Moby-Dick) becomes "Call me islander. Some yeggs ago...". Results will vary depending upon the dictionary used. This technique can also be performed on other lexical classes, such as verbs. Moby-Dick book cover Moby-Dick - the official title of the first edition - is a novel by Herman Melville. ...
Snowball: a poem in which each line is a single word, and each successive word is one letter longer.
Lipogram: Writing that excludes one or more letters. The previous sentence is a lipogram in B, F, H, J, K, Q, V, Y, and Z (it does not contain any of those letters). A lipogram (from Greek lipagrammatos, missing letter) is a kind of writing with constraints or word game consisting of writing paragraphs or longer works in which a particular letter or group of letters is missing, usually a common vowel, the most common in English being e (McArthur, 1992). ...
The prisoner's constraint (a.k.a. the "macao" constraint) is a type of lipogram that omits letters with ascenders and descenders (b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, p, q, t, and y).
Palindromes A palindrome is a word, phrase, number or any other sequence of units (like a strand of DNA) which has the property of reading the same in either direction (the adjustment of spaces between letters is generally permitted). ...
Members
Founding members The founding members of Oulipo representing a range of intellectual pursuits including writers, university professors, mathematicians, engineers, and 'pataphysicians: Literati redirects here. ...
For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ...
The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ...
Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Pataphysics, a term coined by the French writer Alfred Jarry, is a philosophy dedicated to studying what lies beyond the realm of metaphysics. ...
Claude Berge (June 5, 1926 – June 30, 2002) was a French mathematician active in discrete mathematics and more specifically combinatorics and graph_theory. ...
François Le Lionnais (October 3, 1901 – March 13, 1984) was a French chemical engineer and mathematician, perhaps best known as a founder of the literary movement Oulipo. ...
Raymond Queneau (February 21, 1903 – October 25, 1976) was a French poet and novelist. ...
Note that Oulipo members are still considered members after their deaths. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Claude Berge (June 5, 1926 – June 30, 2002) was a French mathematician active in discrete mathematics and more specifically combinatorics and graph_theory. ...
Italo Calvino, on the cover of Lezioni americane: Sei proposte per il prossimo millennio Italo Calvino (October 15, 1923 – September 19, 1985) (pronounced ) was an Italian writer and novelist. ...
Bernard Cerquiglini,born in 1947 in Lyon, is a French linguist. ...
Born in 1925, Stanley Chapman is a British architect, designer, translator and writer. ...
Marcel Duchamp (pronounced ) (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955) whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the...
Luc Etienne Périn, also known as Luc Étienne, was a French writer and a proponent of Pataphysics. ...
François Le Lionnais (October 3, 1901 – March 13, 1984) was a French chemical engineer and mathematician, perhaps best known as a founder of the literary movement Oulipo. ...
Hervé Le Tellier (born April 21, 1957) is a French writer and linguist, and a member of the international literary group Oulipo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle, which translates roughly as workshop of potential literature). Other notable members are Raymond Queneau, Georges Perec, Italo Calvino, Jacques Roubaud and Harry Mathews. ...
Harry Mathews (1930 - ) is an American author of numerous novels, volumes of poetry, and essays. ...
Ian Monk (born 1960) is a British writer and translator. ...
Oskar Pastior (October 20, 1927, Sibiu - October 4, 2006, Frankfurt) was a German-Romanian writer and the only German member of Oulipo. ...
Image of artist Georges Perec (March 7, 1936 - March 3, 1982) was a 20th century French novelist, filmmaker and essayist, a member of the Oulipo group and considered by many to be one of the most important post-WWII authors. ...
Raymond Queneau (February 21, 1903 – October 25, 1976) was a French poet and novelist. ...
This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...
Jacques Roubaud (born 1932) is a French poet and mathematician. ...
References - Mathews, Harry & Brotchie, Alastair. Oulipo compendium. London: Atlas, 1998. ISBN 0-947757-96-1
- Motte, Warren F. (ed) Oulipo: A Primer of Potential Literature. University of Nebraska Press, 1986. ISBN 0-8032-8131-5.
- Queneau, Raymond, Italo Calvino, et al. Oulipo Laboratory. London: Atlas, 1995. ISBN 0-947757-89-9
- The State of Constraint: New Work by Oulipo. San Francisco: McSweeney's Quarterly Concern Issue 22 (Three Books Held Within By Magnets), 2006. ISBN 1-932416-66-8
Seal of the University of Nebraska The University of Nebraska is one of two public university systems in the state of Nebraska, USA. The system has four universities and a technical college: University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Nebraska at Omaha University of Nebraska at Kearney University of Nebraska Medical...
Timothy McSweeneys Quarterly Concern is a semi-quarterly literary journal published by the McSweeneys publishing house. ...
See also Ougrapo stands for Ouvroir du design graphique potentiel, which translates roughly as workshop of potential graphic design, it was founded in Frankfurt (Main), in 2000. ...
External links - Excerpts from the Oulipo Compendium
- A special Oulipo folio from the journal Drunken Boat, with poems, essays, and recent work.
- Essay about Oulipo by poet Monica de la Torre, from Poets.org
- An interactive version of Queneau's Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes (in English and French)
- (French) Official Oulipo website
- (French) Oulipo mailing list
- (French) Oulipo's Game
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