A tourism sign post Yalgoo, Western Australia

The Dingo Fence near Coober Pedy

Fitzgerald River National Park in Western Australia

Outback refers to remote and arid areas of Australia, although the term colloquially can refer to any lands outside of the main urban areas. The term "outback" is generally used to refer to locations that are comparatively more remote than those areas deemed "the bush". The Outback is the name used to describe remote arid regions of Australia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 360 KB) Summary Yalgoo shire boundry on the Great Northern Highway Near Mt Gibson. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 360 KB) Summary Yalgoo shire boundry on the Great Northern Highway Near Mt Gibson. ... Tourist redirects here. ... The townsite of Yalgoo is located in the Murchison region, 499 km north north east of Perth and 118 km east north east of Mullewa. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1758x1140, 485 KB) A portion of the Australian dog fence near Coober Pedy. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1758x1140, 485 KB) A portion of the Australian dog fence near Coober Pedy. ... Location of the Dingo Fence (purple) Dingo Fence at Igy Corner, SW of Coober Pedy The Dingo Fence or Dog Fence is a barrier that was built in Australia during the 1880s and finished in 1885, to keep dingos out of the relatively fertile south-east part of the continent... Coober Pedy, population 3,500, is a small town in South Australia, 846 kilometres north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 183 KB) Photo taken and supplied by Brian Voon Yee Yap. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 183 KB) Photo taken and supplied by Brian Voon Yee Yap. ... Fitzgerald River is a national park in Western Australia (Australia), 419 km southeast of Perth. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... The Australian bush The bush is a term used for rural, undeveloped land or country areas in many places, such as Australia, New Zealand, Sub-Saharan Africa, Canada, and Alaska. ...

The outback is home to the Australian feral camel and dingoes. The Dingo fence was built to restrict dingo movements into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent. The marginally fertile parts, mainly within the Lake Eyre Basin^{[citation needed]}, are known as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle farming, on sheep stations and cattle stations which are leased from the Federal Government. Whereas these grassy areas have fairly fertile clay soils, the remainder of the outback has exceedingly infertile paleosols which cannot support fodder nutritious enough for the economic raising of stock^{[citation needed]}. Although the north of Australia has high (if extremely seasonal) and fairly reliable rainfall, giving it almost all the continent's runoff, the soils there are so poor and eroded (consisting mainly of ironstone or bauxite) as to make cropping impossible even with fertilisers such as superphosphate^[1]. Dromedary – Camelus dromedarius This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Dingo (disambiguation). ... Location of the Dingo Fence (purple) Dingo Fence at Igy Corner, SW of Coober Pedy The Dingo Fence or Dog Fence is a barrier that was built in Australia during the 1880s and finished in 1885, to keep dingos out of the relatively fertile south-east part of the continent... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rangeland refers to a large, mostly unimproved section of land that is predominantly used for livestock grazing. ... “Sheep” redirects here. ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Australian term for a large farm or Australian ranch, usually in the outback, whose main activity is the raising of sheep, for their wool and meat. ... Cattle station is an Australian term for a large farm (Australian ranch), usually in the outback, whose main activity is the raising of cattle. ... Pastoral Leases are agreements under the Commonwealth of Australia that allow for the use of Crown land by farmers, etc. ... In both the FAO and USA soil taxonomy, Vertisols are soils in which there is a high content of expanding and shrinking clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in certain seasons or years. ... In soil science, paleosols (spelt palaeosols) in Great Britain and Australia) can have two meanings. ... Run-off, composed of a mixture of water and soil along with any other organic or inorganic substances that may exist in the land, is the product of precipitation, snowmelt, over-irrigation, or other water coming in contact with the earth and carrying matter to streams, rivers, lakes, and other... Black-band ironstone, 2. ... Bauxite with penny Bauxite with core of unweathered rock Bauxite is an aluminium ore. ... Superphosphate is a fertiliser produced by the action of concentrated Sulphuric Acid on ground phosphate rock. ...

History

Main article: European exploration of Australia

Early exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas. The first party to successfully cross the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney was led by Gregory Blaxland in 1813, 25 years after the colony was established. People starting with Charles Sturt in 1829-1830 attempted to follow the westward-flowing rivers to find an "inland sea", but these were found to all flow into the Murray River and Darling River which turn south. The European exploration of Australia encompasses several waves of seafarers and land explorers. ... A panoramic view of the Blue Mountains The Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia, are situated approximately 100 kilometres west of Sydney. ... Gregory Blaxland Gregory Blaxland (17 June 1788 — 31 December 1852) was a pioneer farmer and explorer. ... Captain Charles Napier Sturt (28 April 1795 – 16 June 1869) was an English explorer of Australia, part of the European Exploration of Australia. ... For other uses, see Murray River (disambiguation). ... The Darling River is the longest river in Australia, flowing 2,739km from northern New South Wales to its confluence with the Murray River at Wentworth, New South Wales. ...

Over the period 1858 to 1861, John McDouall Stuart led six expeditions north from Adelaide into the outback, culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning, without the loss of any of the partys' members' lives. This contrasts with the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860-61 which was much better funded, but resulted in the deaths of seven of the eight members of the expedition. John McDouall Stuart (7 September 1815 – 5 June 1866) was the most accomplished and most famous of all Australias inland explorers and led the first expedition to traverse the continent from south to north successfully. ... Robert OHara Burke by William Strutt William John Wills In 1860-61 Robert OHara Burke and William John Wills led an expedition of 19 men with the intention of crossing Australia from Melbourne in the south to the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north, a distance of around...

The Overland Telegraph line was constructed in the 1870s along the route identified by Stuart, who had found enough water to support the needed repeater stations. The Australian Overland Telegraph Line was completed in 1872 linking Australia with the rest of the world. ...

Exploration of the outback continued up to the 1950s when Len Beadell explored, surveyed and built many roads in support of the nuclear weapons tests at Emu Field and Maralinga and rocket testing on the Woomera Prohibited Area. Mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed. Len Beadell (b. ... Emu Field was located in the desert of South Australia, at approximately 132E 29S. Variously known as Emu Field, Emu Junction or Emu, it was the site of the Operation Totem series of nuclear tests, conducted by the British government in 1953. ... Maralinga, South Australia in the remote western areas of South Australia was the home of the Maralinga Tjarutja, a southern Pitjantjatjara Indigenous Australian people. ... Woomera Prohibited Area is a weapons testing range located in central South Australia. ...

Mining

Along with agriculture, tourism and mining are the main economic activities in this vast and sparsely settled area. Due to the complete absence of mountain building and glaciation since the Permian (in many areas since the Cambrian), the outback is extremely rich in iron, aluminium, manganese and uranium ores, and also contains major deposits of gold, nickel, lead and zinc ores. Because of its size, the value of grazing and mining is considerable. Major mines and mining areas in the outback include opals at Coober Pedy and White Cliffs, metals at Broken Hill, Tennant Creek, Olympic Dam and the remote Challenger Mine. Oil and gas are extracted in the Cooper Basin around Moomba. Tourist redirects here. ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... The Permian is a geologic period that extends from about 299. ... For other uses, see Cambrian (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... Aluminum redirects here. ... General Name, symbol, number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 54. ... General Name, symbol, number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, period, block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Standard atomic weight 238. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... For other uses, see Nickel (disambiguation). ... This article is about the metal. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... Coober Pedy ( ), population 3,500, is a small town in northern South Australia, 846 kilometres north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway. ... White Cliffs is a small town in outback New South Wales in Australia, in Central Darling Shire. ... Broken Hill Post Office Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area (see City of Broken Hill) in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... Tennant Creek is a town located in the Northern Territory of Australia. ... Olympic Dam ( ) is a mining centre in South Australia located some 550 km NNW of Adelaide the capital city of South Australia. ... The Challenger Mine is a gold mine in the Far North of South Australia, 165 km west of the Stuart Highway. ... The Cooper Basin is the name of a sedimentary geological basin in Australia. ... Moomba is a Santos owned gas exploration and processs town located in the Cooper/Eromanga Basins, onshore central Australia, approximately 770 kilometres north of Adelaide. ...

Population

Less than 10 percent of the Australian population lives outside the urban settlements on the coastal fringes. Despite this, the outback and the history of its exploration and settlement provides Australians with a mythical backdrop, and stories of swagmen, squatters, outlaws such as Ned Kelly (though Ned Kelly spent virtually all his time in the relatively temperate Great Dividing Range) and so on are central to the national ethos of the country. The song Waltzing Matilda, which is about swagmen and squatters, is a popular traditional Australian song. Explorer redirects here. ... Photograph of a swagman circa 1901 A swagman is an old Australian term describing an underclass of transient temporary workers, who traveled by foot from farm to farm carrying the traditional swag. ... This article is about occupying land without permission. ... For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... The Great Divide runs around the entire eastern and south-eastern edge of Australia The Great Dividing Range, also known as the Eastern Highlands, is Australias most substantial mountain range. ... Waltzing Matilda is usually sung in informal settings, but it was played with a 90 piece orchestra and the 100 voice Melbourne Chorale at the 2005 Classical Spectacular Waltzing Matilda is Australias most widely known folk song, and one that has been popularly suggested as a potential national anthem. ...

Due to the low economic value of much of the land in the outback, Aboriginal communities have been able to exist with less interference and disruption than in more fertile areas. A significant proportion of the country's indigenous population now lives in the Outback^{[citation needed]}, in areas such as the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands in northern South Australia. Aboriginal Flag Australian Aborigines is a name used to collectively describe most of the indigenous peoples of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) is a large Aboriginal local government area located in the remote north west of South Australia. ...

Medicine

Flying over western New South Wales. Near the bottom of the picture, a squiggly line appears; apparently, a creek created by recent rain.

Main article: Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia

Due to the wide expanses and remoteness of people in the outback, a 'Flying Doctor Service' exists to provide medical services and medevac to remote areas. This service was created in 1928 in Cloncurry, Queensland by the Very Reverend John Flynn (known as Flynn of the Outback). The aim of the service is to provide medical care, primary and emergency, to people who cannot reach hospitals or general practitioners. Regular Clinics are flown out to remote communities, with consultations held in a specially built clinic, in a homestead, or even under the wing of the plane. In addition The Royal Flying doctors Service provides Air Ambulance to remote areas, Hospital to Hospital Transport and Telephone and Radio consultations. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 94 KB) Summary Flying over Western New South Wales. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 94 KB) Summary Flying over Western New South Wales. ... “NSW” redirects here. ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... This article is about precipitation. ... An RFDS Beech KingAir on a remote airstrip in Queensland, Australia. ... A [PC-12] of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Cloncurry in Queensland (red) Cloncurry () is a town and Local Government Area situated in north west Queensland, Australia, 770 kilometres west of the city of Townsville via the Flinders Highway. ... Insert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here For other persons named John Flynn, see John Flynn (disambiguation). ... For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ... A general practitioner (GP), family physician or family practitioner (FP) is a medical doctor who provides primary care. ...

Terminology

Culturally, many urban Australians have had very generalised terms for the otherwise complex range of environments that exist within the inland and tropical regions of the continent. Regional terminology can be very specific to specific locations in each mainland state.

It is colloquially said that 'the outback' is located "beyond the Black Stump". The location of the black stump may be some hypothetical location or may vary depending on local custom and folklore. It has been suggested that the term comes from the Black Stump Wine Saloon that once stood about 10 kilometres out of Coolah, New South Wales on the Gunnedah Road. It is claimed that the saloon, named after the nearby Black Stump Run and Black Stump Creek, was an important staging post for traffic to north-west New South Wales and it became a marker by which people gauged their journeys.^[2] Black Stump is a mythical place in Australia, beyond which is the Outback. ... Coolah is a village and local government area in the central northern part of the Australian state of New South Wales. ...

The MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory are found in the centre of the country.

"The Never-Never" is a term referring to remoter parts of the Australian outback. The outback can be also referred to as "back of beyond", "back o' Bourke" although these terms are more frequently used when referring to something a long way from anywhere, or a long way away. The well-watered north of the continent is often called the "Top End" and the arid interior "The Red Centre" due to its vast amounts of red soil and sparse greenery amongst its landscape. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 659 KB) Summary View along the West MacDonnell Ranges from the Larapinta Trail, near Glen Helen. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 659 KB) Summary View along the West MacDonnell Ranges from the Larapinta Trail, near Glen Helen. ... For similar terms, see Northern Territories (disambiguation) Slogan or Nickname: The Territory, The NT, The Top End Motto(s): none Other Australian states and territories Capital Darwin Government Constitutional monarchy Administrator Ted Egan Chief Minister Clare Martin (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 2  - Senate seats 2 Gross Territorial Product (2004... The Top End is, Cape York Peninsula aside, the northernmost part of Australia. ...

Wildlife

The Australian Outback may be desolate but there is still wildlife existing in these extreme dry, hot conditions. Camels may be encountered as they wander the desert sand plains, brought to Australia by the early Afghan drivers; these animals survive well in the outback. Kangaroos are also encountered along with the Dingo, as they survive the harshness. White Cockatoos and Grey Galahs are often sighted in flocks as they cross the wilderness. Snakes and lizards are often basking in the sun, and they may be sighted resting on roads. Wild horses known as 'Brumbies,' imported by early settlers, run wild in large numbers. For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... This article is about the animal. ... For other uses, see Dingo (disambiguation). ... Genera Probosciger Calyptorhynchus Callocephalon Eolophus Cacatua Nymphicus A cockatoo is any of about 20 species of bird belonging to the family Cacatuidae. ... This article is about the bird species. ... Families Acrochordidae Aniliidae Anomalepididae Anomochilidae Atractaspididae Boidae Bolyeriidae Colubridae Cylindrophiidae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Leptotyphlopidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Typhlopidae Uropeltidae Viperidae Xenopeltidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ... This page is about Lizards, the order of reptile. ... A brumby is a wild (feral) horse in Australia. ...

Tourism

Gosses Bluff crater, one of a number of meteor impact craters that can be found across outback Australia.

There are many popular tourist attractions in the outback. These include: Image File history File links ISS007_Gosses_Bluff. ... Image File history File links ISS007_Gosses_Bluff. ... Gosses Bluff crater photographed from the ISS. Gosses Bluff (Gosses Bluff) is an impact crater in Northern Territory, Australia. ... Photo of a burst of meteors with extended exposure time A meteor is the visible path of a meteoroid that enters the Earths (or another bodys) atmosphere, commonly called a shooting star or falling star. ... Tycho crater on Earths moon. ...

• Alice Springs
• Birdsville
• Uluru (Ayers Rock)
• Coober Pedy
• Devils Marbles
• Katherine River Gorge
• Kakadu National Park
• Kings Canyon (Watarrka)
• The Olgas (Kata Tjuta)
• MacDonnell Ranges
• Mount Isa
• Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame
• Monkey Mia
• Broome
• Mount Augustus National Park

Organised travel to the outback is popular, although some Australian and international tourists travel in their own vehicles. Such a trip, particularly once off the few bitumen roads in the outback, requires considerable advance planning and a suitable vehicle (usually a four wheel drive). On remote routes considerable supplies and equipment may be required, this can include prearranged caches. Some trips cannot be undertaken safely with a single vehicle instead requiring a convoy approach. Deaths from tourists and locals becoming stranded on outback trips sometimes occur, and rescues for the ill-prepared also take place from time to time. Alice Springs on a large scale map Alice Springs is a large town in the Northern Territory of Australia located at 23°42′ S 133°52′ E. Its population of 28,178 (2001 Census) makes it the second-largest settlement in the Territory (the only other towns of... Birdsville is a small town located in Central West Queensland, Australia. ... For the band, see Ayers Rock (band). ... Coober Pedy, population 3,500, is a small town in South Australia, 846 kilometres north of Adelaide on the Stuart Highway. ... redirect Devils_Marbles_Conservation_Reserve ... A river in the Northern Territory. ... Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km east of Darwin. ... Overview of Kings Canyon from the Rim Walk. ... Kata Tjuta Kata Tjuta, also known as Mount Olga (or colloquially as The Olgas), are large conglomerate rock formations, which are a remarkable group of 30 or so domed hills situated about 25 km from Uluru in the Northern Territory of Australia. ... The MacDonnell Ranges of the Northern Territory, are a 644 km (400 mile) long mountain range located in the center of Australia (23°42′S 132°30′E), and consist of parallel ridges running to the east and west of Alice Springs. ... Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia Mount Isa is a city located in north western Queensland, Australia. ... Australian Stockmans Hall of Fame in Longreach The Australian Stockmans Hall of Fame was opened in Longreach in 1975. ... Monkey Mia dolphin feeding. ... Broome is a pearling and tourist town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 2200 km north of Perth. ... Mount Augustus National Park in Western Australia, 852 km north of Perth, is a national park based around the largest monolith in the world called Mount Augustus, or Burringurrah as it is known by the local Wadjari Aboriginal people. ... Four wheel drive or 4x4, is a type of four wheeled vehicle drivetrain configuration that enables all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously in order to provide maximum traction. ...

Year of the Outback 2002

In 2002 the Western Australian Tourism Commission promoted the outback of Western Australia as part of its promotional programmes.

Transport

A road sign warning of potentially dangerous conditions ahead.

The outback is also criss-crossed by numerous historic tracks, roads and highways. Despite their names, most of these require high-clearance four wheel drives and spare fuel, tyres and food before attempting to travel them, even in favourable weather. The Stuart Highway runs from north to south through the centre of the continent, roughly paralleled by the Adelaide-Darwin Railway. There is a proposal to develop some of the roads to create an all-weather road named the Outback Highway from Laverton, Western Australia (north of Kalgoorlie northeast through the Northern Territory into Queensland, at Winton. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 427 KB) Summary Photo taken (9th Aug 2003) and supplied by Nachoman-au. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 427 KB) Summary Photo taken (9th Aug 2003) and supplied by Nachoman-au. ... The Stuart Highway is one of Australias major roadways. ... The Ghan is the 48-hour, 2,979-km passenger service on the Adelaide_Alice Springs-Darwin Central Australian Railway in Afghan camel trains which trekked the same route before the advent of the railway. ... Outback Highway is a network of roads and dirt tracks linking Winton, Queensland and Laverton, Western Australia. ... Laverton is a town and shire in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. ... Kalgoorlie is a Western Australian city located about 600 km east of Perth. ... Location of Winton in Queensland (red) Winton is a town and Local Government Area in central west Queensland, Australia, located 177 kilometres northwest of Longreach. ...

Air transport is heavily relied on in the outback due to the immense distances, sparse population and poor roads. This includes the major commercial airports at Alice Springs and Ayers Rock. Many outback mines have an airstrip and much of the workforce operates on a fly-in fly-out basis. Most outback sheep stations and cattle stations have an airstrip and their own light plane. Medical and ambulance services are provided by the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The School of the Air is a radio-based school using the RFDS radios. Aerial, Alice Springs Alice Springs Landsat image Alice Springs is a town and the second largest centre in the Northern Territory of Australia. ... Ayers Rock Airport (also known as Connellan Airport) (IATA: AYQ, ICAO: YAYE) is situated around 463 km (5 hrs drive) away from Alice Springs, Northern Territory, and 20 minutes drive from Uluru (Ayers Rock) itself. ... Australian term for a large farm or Australian ranch, usually in the outback, whose main activity is the raising of sheep, for their wool and meat. ... Cattle station is an Australian term for a large farm (Australian ranch), usually in the outback, whose main activity is the raising of cattle. ... The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctors) is an air ambulance service for those living in the remote inland areas of Australia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Birdsville Track (C83) The Birdsville Track is one of the more famous outback roads in Australia. ... The Canning Stock Route is one of the toughest and most remote tracks in the world. ... The Connie Sue Highway is an outback road which runs from Rawlinna on the Trans-Australian Railway to the Aboriginal community of Warburton on the Great Central Road. ... The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT), otherwise known as the French Line, was a steamship line operating through the 1960s. ... The Gibb River Road stretches some 660 km between the Western Australian town of Derby and the Kununurra and Wyndham junction of the Great Northern Highway. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Gunbarrel Highway is an isolated desert track in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. ... The Lasseter Highway is in the Northern Territory of Australia. ... Lake Eyre South from Oodnadatta Track The Oodnadatta Track (28°54′S 136°21′E), Australia is an unsealed 406 kilometre track between Marree and Oodnadatta crossing the Tirari Desert in South Australia. ... Plenty Highway is signed as NT State Route 12. ... The Sandover Highway is an outback unsealed track cutting across to north-western Queensland from the Stuart Highway. ... The Strzelecki Track is an outback unsealed track in South Australia, linking Innamincka to Lyndhurst. ... The Tanami Track, also known more recently as the Tanami Road and the McGuire Track, is a road following a cattle droving route from the MacDonnell Ranges area of central Australia just north of Alice Springs to Halls Creek in the Kimberley. ...

References

... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Read, Ian G.(1995) Australia's central and western outback : the driving guide Crows Nest, N.S.W. Little Hills Press. Little Hills Press explorer guides ISBN 1863150617
• Year of the Outback 2002, Western Australia Perth, W.A.