Traditional wooden barrels in Cutchogue

Modern aluminium beer barrels - also called casks - outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England

For other uses, see Barrel (disambiguation).

A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wood staves and bound with iron hoops. Someone who makes such barrels is known as a cooper. Contemporary barrels are also made in aluminium (also called kegs) and plastic. ImageMetadata File history File links Barrels2. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Barrels2. ... The Cutchogue Public Library Cutchogue is a hamlet located in Suffolk County, New York (USA). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1061x853, 239 KB) Beer barrels outside the Caste Rock Brewery, Nottingham, England Photo by Tagishsimon taken on the 4th November 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1061x853, 239 KB) Beer barrels outside the Caste Rock Brewery, Nottingham, England Photo by Tagishsimon taken on the 4th November 2004. ... Nottingham is a city located in Nottinghamshire, in the East Midlands of England. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Barrel can refer to: Barrels for storage; especialy Barrels for aging alcoholic beverages. ... A right circular cylinder In mathematics, a cylinder is a quadric, i. ... Containers in the port of Kotka (Finland) on the Baltic Sea. ... A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is an organic material found as the primary content of the stems of woody plants, especially trees, but also shrubs. ... You may be looking for information on: Look up staff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Ganymede rolling a hoop and bearing aloft a cockerel - a love gift from Zeus (in pursuit, on obverse of vase). ... A cooper readies the end of a barrel at the Van Ryn Brandy Cellar near Stellenbosch, South Africa The barrel is sealed with a lid, waterproofed using reed leaves, and the end-ring fitted Traditionally, a cooper is someone who makes wooden barrels, casks, buckets and other similar wooden objects. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Barrels often have a convex shape, bulging at the middle. This constant bulge makes it relatively easy to roll a well built wooden barrel on its side, changing directions with little friction. It also helps to distribute stress evenly in the material by making the container more spherical. Stress has different meanings in different fields: Look up stress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Casks used for ale or beer are equipped with shives, spigots, spiles and keystones in their openings. Ale is an ancient word for a fermented alcoholic beverage obtained chiefly from malted barley. ... A typical mug of lager beer, showing the golden colour of the beer and the foamy head floating on top. ... The top of a cask, showing an unopened wooden shive with a plastic seal. ... A spigot is a small wooden peg used to stop the vent-hole of a barrel or cask. ... A spile is a small wooden peg used to control the flow of carbon dioxide out of a cask of real ale. ... Casks of ale. ...

History

In ancient times, in Europe, liquids like oil and wine were carried in vessels, for instance amphora, sealed with pine resin. The Romans began to use barrels in the 3rd century AD, as a result of their commercial and military contacts with the Gauls, who had been making barrels for several centuries. World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... A glass of red wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... Amphoræ on display in Bodrum Castle, Turkey Pottery An amphora is a type of ceramic vase with two handles, used for the transportation and storage of perishable goods and more rarely as containers for the ashes of the dead or as prize awards. ... Species About 115. ... Insect trapped in resin. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that existed in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East between 753 BC and its downfall in AD 476. ... // Events The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east. ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...

For nearly 2,000 years barrels were the most convenient form of shipping or storage container, for those who could afford the superior price. All kinds of bulk goods, from nails to gold coins, were stored in them. Bags and most crates were cheaper, but they were not as sturdy and they were more difficult to manhandle, for the same weight. Barrels slowly lost their importance in the 20th century, with the introduction of pallet based logistics and Containerization. A wooden pallet For the fictional town in the Pokémon series of games, named after an artists palette, see Pallet Town. ... Containerization is a system of intermodal cargo transport using standard ISO containers that can be loaded on container ships, railroad cars, and trucks. ...

In the late 20th century, large steel casks began to be used in the United States for the storage of nuclear waste. This system, known as dry cask storage, has proven to be very controversial, but it is seen as the most practical of few available alternatives until a site such as the Yucca Mountain storage facility opens. Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ... A Russian fissile material storage facility Radioactive waste is waste material containing radioactive chemical elements which does not have a practical purpose. ... A typical dry cask storage system with vertical cylinders Dry cask storage is a method of storing high-level radioactive waste, such as spent nuclear fuel that has already been cooled in the spent fuel pool for at least one year. ... Yucca Mountain Yucca Mountain is a ridge-line in Nye County, Nevada; composed of volcanic material (mostly tuff) ejected from a now-extinct caldera-forming supervolcano. ...

Aging in barrels

Wine barrels in Napa Valley, California.

Main article: Aging barrel Image File history File links Lightmatter_wine_barrels. ... Image File history File links Lightmatter_wine_barrels. ... Whiskey barrels at the Jack Daniels distillery Barrels for aging wine in Napa Valley An aging barrel is a barrel used to age wine or distilled spirits such as whiskey, brandy, or rum. ...

Barrels are used for the storage of liquids, to ferment wine, and to age wine (notably brandy, sherry, and port) and whiskey. Some wine is said to be fermented "in barrel," as opposed to a neutral container such as a steel or concrete tank. The barrels used for this can be hundreds or even thousands of gallons. In its strictest sense, fermentation (formerly called zymnosis) is the energy-yielding anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation. ... A glass of red wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... A glass of red wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... Brandy pot stills at the Van Ryn Brandy Cellar near Stellenbosch, South Africa For the singer and actress, see Brandy Norwood. ... Sherry solera Sherry is a type of wine originally produced in and around the town of Jerez, Spain. ... A glass of tawny port. ... Whisky (or whiskey) is an alcoholic beverage distilled from grain, often including malt, which has then been aged in wooden barrels. ...

Beer "Barrels"

Although it is common to refer to draught beer containers of any size as barrels, this is strictly correct only if the container actually holds 36 gallons. The terms "keg" and "cask" refer to containers of any size, the distinction being that kegs are used for pasteurised beers intended to be served using external gas cylinders. Real ale and similar beers undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, which are called casks. The barrel is the name of several units of measurement. ... A pint glass of real ale Real ale is a type of beer defined by its traditional production. ...

Casks are available in several sizes, and it is also usual to refer to "a firkin" or "a kil" (kilderkin) instead of a cask.

Sizes

English traditional, wine

Like other units, the pre-1824 definitions continued to be used in the US, the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches staying (since 1707) the standard gallon for liquids (accompanied by the corn gallon of 268.8 cubic inches for solids), whereas in Britain that gallon was abolished and replaced by the Imperial gallon. The tierce later became the petrol barrel. The tun originally was 256 gallons, which explains where the quarter, being 8 bushels or 64 (wine) gallons, comes from. A glass of red wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... The gallon (abbr. ... The rundlet is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 68 litres. ... The barrel is the name of several units of measurement. ... The tierce is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 159 litres. ... A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often, of a food commodity). ... A Firkin is an old English unit of volume. ... The puncheon, in the United States also called pon for brevity, is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 318 litres. ... The puncheon, in the United States also called pon for brevity, is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 318 litres. ... The butt (from the medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 477 litres or rather two hogsheads. ... The butt (from the medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 477 litres or rather two hogsheads. ... The tun is an old English unit of wine cask volume, holding about 954 litres, almost a cubic metre. ... The U.S. customary units (more commonly known in the US as English units or standard units) are the non-metric units of measurement that are presently used in the United States, in some cases alongside the metric system of units. ... There is no one system of English units. ... This article is about post-1824 Imperial units, please see also English unit, U.S. customary unit or Avoirdupois. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Act of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... The gallon (abbr. ... The tierce is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 159 litres. ... The Malay language has a complex system of titles and honorifics, which is still extensively used in Malaysia and Brunei. ... The gallon (abbr. ... A bushel is a unit of volume, used (with somewhat different definitions) in the systems of Imperial units and U.S. customary units. ...

English traditional, beer and ale

Ale is an ancient word for a fermented alcoholic beverage obtained chiefly from malted barley. ... A typical mug of lager beer, showing the golden colour of the beer and the foamy head floating on top. ... The gallon (abbr. ... A Firkin is an old English unit of volume. ... The kilderkin is an old English unit of brewery casks, holding about 82 litres. ... The barrel is the name of several units of measurement. ... A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often, of a food commodity). ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about post-1824 Imperial units, please see also English unit, U.S. customary unit or Avoirdupois. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Oil barrel

The standard barrel of crude oil or other petroleum product (abbreviated bbl) is 42 US gallons, 35 Imperial gallons or 158.97 litres. This measurement originated in the early Pennsylvania oil fields, and permitted both British and American merchants to refer to the same unit, which was based on the old English wine measure, the tierce. The barrel is the name of several units of measurement. ... Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Latin petrus – rock and oleum – oil), mineral oil, or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish flammable liquid, which exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earths... Nodding donkey pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... In reference to petroleum, bbl is an abbreviation for 1 barrel, equal to exactly 42 U.S. gallons, or to approximately 0. ... The gallon (abbr. ... The litre (spelled liter in American English) is a unit of volume. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Official languages None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ... Drilling rig in a small oil field Near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 An oil field is an area with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. ... The tierce is an old English unit of wine casks, holding about 159 litres. ...

Earlier, another size of whiskey barrel was once the most common size; this was the 40 US-gallon (151.40 liters) barrel, which was of the same volume as 5 US bushels. However, by 1866 the oil barrel was standardized at 42 US-gallons.

Oil has not been shipped in barrels for a very long time [3] since the introduction of oil tanker ships, but the 42-US-gallon size is still used as a unit for measurement, pricing, and in tax and regulatory codes, each 42(US)-gallon barrel making about 19½ gallons of gasoline.

Disciplinary use

As the expression over a barrel (i.e. vulnerably at someone's mercy) recalls, a commonly available timber barrel has been used a cheap and convenient alternative (in fact a passive pervertible) to more elaborate whipping posts and other, often more 'ritual', appararus for corporal punishment, in the private sphere or even for judicial administration of lashes to the backside (usually the posterior: for the back a straiter position as over a bench is preferred) of bend-over culprits, as the following links show still in the British 1899-1902 Boers-repression ([South Africa and prisoner exile on the Bermudas], whipping naked boys as artist-illustrated) and even 1937 Ohio village marshall strapping juveniles Pervertible (frequently misspelt pervertable) is a term originally coined by David Stein to describe ordinary non-sexual objects, especially everyday household objects, that can be used sexually, particularly in BDSM play such as spanking (and thus also outside the BDSM scene). ... View of the Pillory in the Market-place of Paris in the Sixteenth Century, after a Drawing by an unknown Artist of 1670. ... Corporal punishment in the narrow sense of the term is the deliberate infliction of pain intended as correction or punishment. ...

• compare the barrel pillory or Spanish mantle

View of the Pillory in the Market-place of Paris in the Sixteenth Century, after a Drawing by an unknown Artist of 1670. ...

Sources and External links

• CorPun website on various corporal punishments
• Crates and barrels in videogames

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Barrels