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Encyclopedia > Oxalate

An oxalate (called also: ethanedioate) is a salt or ester of oxalic acid. The oxalate ion, (COO)22−, is "oxalic acid" minus two hydrogen ions. A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Oxalic acid (IUPAC name: ethanedioic acid, formula C2H2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)-(COOH). ... An ion is an atom, group of atoms, or subatomic particle that normally is electrically neutral and achieve their status as an ion by loss (and addition) of an electron. ... Hydronium is the common name for the cation H3O+. Nomenclature According to IUPAC ion nomenclature, it should be referred to as oxonium. ...


Consumption of oxalates (for example, the grazing of animals on oxalate-containing plants such as greasewood) may result in kidney disease or even death due to oxalate poisoning. Species See text. ... See the article on the kidney for the anatomy and function of healthy kidneys and a list of diseases involving the kidney. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...


Much of its other properties resemble oxalic acid. Oxalic acid (IUPAC name: ethanedioic acid, formula C2H2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)-(COOH). ...


Examples

See category for a list. ... Calcium oxalate is a chemical compound that forms needle-shaped crystals. ... Phenyl oxalate ester, also known as Cyalume, is a liquid ester whos hydrolysis products are responsible for the luminescence in a glowstick. ...



Antithrombotics (thrombolytics, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet drugs) (B01) edit
Vitamin K antagonists:

Acenocoumarol, Clorindione, Dicumarol (Dicoumarol}, Diphenadione, Ethyl biscoumacetate, Phenprocoumon, Phenindione, Tioclomarol, Warfarin Thrombolytic drugs are used in medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... An antiplatelet drug is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Acenocoumarol is a anticoagulant that functions as a vitamin K antagonist (like warfarin). ... Dicumarol (or Dicoumarol) is a anticoagulant that functions by as a Vitamin K antagonist (similar to warfarin). ... Phenprocoumon is a anticoagulant, functioning as a Vitamin K antagonist. ... Phenindione is an anticoagulant which functions as a Vitamin K antagonist. ... Warfarin (also known under the brand names of Coumadin®, Jantoven®, Marevan®, and Waran®) is an anticoagulant medication that is administered orally or, very rarely, by injection. ...

Heparin group (Platelet
aggregation inhibitors):

Antithrombin III, Bemiparin, Dalteparin, Danaparoid, Enoxaparin, Heparin, Nadroparin, Parnaparin, Reviparin, Sulodexide, Tinzaparin Antithrombin is a small molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. ... Dalteparin is a low molecular weight heparin. ... Danaparoid sodium (Orgaran®) is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thrombin. ... Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin manufactured by Sanofi-Aventis. ... Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan widely used as an injectable anticoagulant. ... In medicine, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of medication used as an anticoagulant in diseases that feature thrombosis, as well as for prophylaxis in situations that lead to a high risk of thrombosis. ...

Other Platelet
aggregation inhibitors:

Abciximab, Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), Aloxiprin, Beraprost, Ditazole, Carbasalate calcium, Cloricromen, Clopidogrel, Dipyridamole, Epoprostenol, Eptifibatide, Indobufen, Iloprost, Picotamide, Prasugrel, Ticlopidine, Tirofiban, Treprostinil, Triflusal Abciximab (previously known as c7E3 Fab), distributed by Eli Lilly under the trade name ReoPro®, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mainly used during and after coronary artery procedures like angioplasty to prevent platelets from sticking together and causing thrombus (blood clot) formation within the coronary artery. ... A very old bottle of Aspirin Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. ... Clopidogrel (IPA: ) is a potent oral antiplatelet agent often used in the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. ... Dipyridamole is a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation. ... Prostacyclin is a member of the family of lipid molecules known as eicosanoids. ... Eptifibatide (Integrilin®, Millennium Pharmaceuticals) is a anti-coagulant that selectively blocks the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. ... iloprost, an inhalation solution, is sold under the name Ventavis® and is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ... Prasugrel is a novel platelet inhibitor developed by Sankyo and produced by Ube and currently under clinical development in cooperation with Eli Lilly for acute coronary syndromes planned for PCI. Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Pharmacology stubs ... Ticlopidine is a drug used for its antiplatelet action. ... // Basic Chemical and Pharmacological Information Tirofiban is a synthetic, nonpeptide inhibitor acting at glycoprotein-(GP)-receptors, type IIb/IIIa, in human thrombocytes. ... Trepostinil is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, used to treat pulmonary hypertension. ...

Enzymes:

Alteplase, Ancrod, Anistreplase, Brinase, Drotrecogin alfa, Fibrinolysin, Protein C, Reteplase, Saruplase, Streptokinase, Tenecteplase, Urokinase In blood coagulation, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an enzyme (EC 3. ... // Basic Chemical, Pharmacological, and Marketing Information Ancrod (also known under its former brand name Arwin® and recently Viprinex®) is an anticoagulant with a triple mode of action. ... Anistreplase is a thrombolytic drug. ... // Basic Chemical, Pharmacological and Marketing Data Drotrecogin alpha (activated) is a recombinant form of human activated protein C that has antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, and profibrinolytic properties. ... // Basic Information Fibrinolysin is an enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria. ... Protein C is a major physiological anticoagulant. ... Reteplase (Retavase®) is a thrombolytic drug, used to treat heart attacks by breaking up the clots that cause them. ... Streptokinase is an extracellular metallo-enzyme produced by beta-haemolytic streptococcus and is used as an effective and cheap clot-dissolving medication in some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and pulmonary embolism. ... Tenecteplase is an enzyme used as a thrombolytic drug. ... Urokinase, also called urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) is an enzyme (EC 3. ...

Direct thrombin inhibitors:

Argatroban, Bivalirudin, Dabigatran, Desirudin, Hirudin, Lepirudin, Melagatran, Ximelagatran Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a class of medication that act as anticoagulants (delaying blood clotting) by directly inhibiting the enzyme thrombin. ... Argatroban is a small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor. ... Basic Chemical and Pharmacological Properties Bivalirudin is an anticoagulant and acts as direct thrombin antagonist. ... Dabigatran is an anticoagulant from the class of the direct thrombin inhibitors. ... Hirudin is a naturally ocurring peptide in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) that has a blood anticoagulant property. ... Lepirudin is an anticoagulant which functions as a direct thrombin inhibitor. ... Ximelagatran (Exanta®, H 376/95) is an anticoagulant that has been investigated extensively but is awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ... Ximelagatran (Exanta®, H 376/95) is an anticoagulant that has been investigated extensively but is awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). ...

Other antithrombotics:

Dabigatran, Defibrotide, Dermatan sulfate, Fondaparinux, Rivaroxaban Dabigatran is an anticoagulant from the class of the direct thrombin inhibitors. ... // Basic Data Defibrotide is a deoxyribonucleic acid derivative (single stranded) derived from cow lung or porcine mucosa. ... Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan, formerly called a mucopolysaccharide, found mostly in skin, but also in blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, and lungs. ... Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is a medication that is an anticoagulant. ... Rivaroxaban (also known as BAY 59-7939) is an oral anticoagulant under development by Bayer. ...

Non-medicinal:

Citrate, EDTA, Oxalate An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... Chemical strucutre of citric acid. ... EDTA is the chemical compound ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ...

    Medical article on Calcium Oxalate formation as Kidney Stones: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.section.53835


      Results from FactBites:
     
    Decomposition of Oxalate by Microorganisms (1530 words)
    In the animal kingdom oxalate and its salts are presented in urine and blood of mammals.
    Aggregation of calcium salts of oxalate and phosphate may cause formation of mineral deposits in the kidney and urinary tracts and the process of stone formation is known as urolithiasis.
    Oxalate is detoxified (catabolized) via the action of two enzymatic proteins, formyl coenzyme A transferase (encoded by the frc gene) and oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (encoded by the oxc gene), contained in the cytosol of Oxalobacter formigenes that colonizes the human intestinal tract.
      More results at FactBites »

     

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