 |
 | | Oxazepam | | Systematic (IUPAC) name | 9-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-
2,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-
5,8,10,12-tetraen-3-one | | Identifiers | | CAS number | 604-75-1 | | ATC code | N05BA04 | | PubChem | 4616 | | DrugBank | APRD01152 | | Chemical data | | Formula | C15H11ClN2O2 | | Mol. mass | 286.71 | | Pharmacokinetic data | | Bioavailability | 95.5% | | Metabolism | Hepatic | | Half life | 4-15 hours | | Excretion | Renal | | Therapeutic considerations | | Pregnancy cat. | ? Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ...
CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ...
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ...
A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ...
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ...
The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ...
The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ...
In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ...
Drug metabolism is the metabolism of drugs, their biochemical modification or degradation, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. ...
The liver is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. ...
It has been suggested that Effective half-life be merged into this article or section. ...
Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other materials that are of no use. ...
The kidneys are organs that filter wastes (such as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. ...
The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ...
| | Legal status | Schedule IV(US) The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ...
| | Routes | Oral | Oxazepam (marketed under brand names Alepam, Murelax, Oxascand, Serax, Serepax, Seresta, Sobril) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ...
Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...
An anxiolytic is a drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety. ...
The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ...
A sedative is a substance which depresses the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ...
In medicine, a muscle relaxant is a drug that causes skeletal muscle contraction to cease. ...
Pharmacology Oxazepam is an active metabolite formed during the breakdown of diazepam, nordazepam, and certain similar drugs. Oxazepam may be safer than many other benzodiazepines in patients with impaired liver function because it does not require hepatic oxidation, but rather it is simply metabolized via glucuronidation. This means that oxazepam is less likely to accumulate and cause adverse reactions in the elderly or people with liver disease. Oxazepam is similar to lorazepam in this respect. (1) There is preferential storage of oxazepam in some organs including the heart. Absorption by any administered route and the risk of accumulation is significantly increased in the neonate and there is clinical justification to recommend the withdrawal of oxazepam during pregnancy and breast feeding as oxazepam is excreted in breast milk.[1] Diazepam (IPA: ), first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Nordazepam (Calmday®, Stilny®, Madar®), formerly known as nordiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Example of glucuronidation Glucuronidation of alcohols and acids Glucuronidation is a major inactivating pathway for a huge variety of exogenous and endogenous molecules, including drugs, polluants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids and bile acids. ...
Lorazepam is a drug of the benzodiazepine class and it has, to different extents, each of the five intrinsic benzodiazepine drug molecule effects: sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant. ...
Indications It is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine with a slow onset of action, so it is usually prescribed to individuals who have trouble staying asleep, rather than falling asleep. It is commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders with associated tension, irritability, and agitation. It is also prescribed for drug and alcohol withdrawal, and for anxiety associated with depression. Also prescribed for sleepwalking before a neurologist is involved when the sleepwalker may be a problem or danger to themselves. For the beer, see Delirium Tremens (beer). ...
Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or unipolar depression when compared to bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Dosage - Mild/moderate anxiety - 10 to 15mg, 3 to 4 times daily
- Severe anxiety - 15 to 30mg, 3 to 4 times daily
- Symptoms related to alcohol withdrawal - 15 to 30mg, 3 to 4 times daily
Availability In the United Kingdom, oxazepam is available generically in the form of 10mg, 15mg and 30mg tablets.
Side effects The side effects of oxazepam are similar in nature to those of other benzodiazepines.
Side effects from oxazepam are common and include: drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, weakness, dry mouth, diarrhea, upset stomach, changes in appetite, heart palpitations, anxiety, trouble breathing, shortness of breath, angry outbursts, trouble sleeping, tremors
Internal tremors have been alleviated by using 15mg of oxazepam as required, usually approximately four hourly.
Interactions As oxazepam is an active metabolite of diazepam, there is likely an overlap in possible interactions with other drugs or food, with exception of the pharmacokinetic CYP450 interactions (e.g. with cimetidine). Take precautions, and follow closely the prescription of your doctor, when taking oxazepam (or other benozodiazepines) in combinations with potent painkillers (opioids, e.g. morphine, oxycodone or methadone). Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages when taking oxazepam; alcohol and oxazepam (as well as other benzodiazepines) are interacting in a way, that is difficult to pre-estimate, concomitant use of oxazepam and alcohol can lead to increased sedation, severe problems with coordination (ataxiae), decreased muscle tone and in severe cases or in predisposed patients even to life-threating intoxications with coma and collapse. Concomitant use of alcohol and oxazepam (as well as other benzodiazepines) also increases the risk of an addiction. Diazepam (IPA: ), first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Cytochrome P450 Oxidase (CYP2E1) Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes (EC 1. ...
Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach. ...
An analgesic (colloquially known as a painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia). ...
Morphine (INN) (IPA: ) is a highly potent opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium and the prototypical opiate. ...
Not to be confused with oxytocin. ...
Methadone is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic and in the treatment of narcotic addiction. ...
Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...
Sedation is a medical procedure involving administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure, such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or minor surgery with local anaesthesia. ...
now. ...
For other uses, see Ataxia (disambiguation). ...
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In medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a profound state of unconsciousness. ...
Collapse is a puzzle game published in 1999 by the software company GameHouse. ...
Look up addiction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Contraindications
Overdose Oxazepam is a drug which is very frequently involved in drug intoxication, including overdose.[2]
Symptoms of overdose include:
Somnolence (or drowsiness) is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. ...
In medicine, hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo means below) to perform needed gas exchange. ...
In physiology and medicine, hypotension refers to an abnormally low blood pressure. ...
Legal Status Oxazepam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances [1]. The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ...
Convention on Psychotropic Substances Opened for signature February 21, 1971 in Vienna Entered into force August 16, 1976 Conditions for entry into force 40 ratifications Parties 175 The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, and psychedelics. ...
References - ^ Olive G; Dreux C. (Jan 1977). "Pharmacologic bases of use of benzodiazepines in peréinatal medicine.". Arch Fr Pediatr. 34(1): 74-89. PMID 851373.
- ^ Zevzikovas A; Kiliuviene G, Ivanauskas L, Dirse V. (2002). "[Analysis of benzodiazepine derivative mixture by gas-liquid chromatography]". Medicina (Kaunas). 38 (3): 316-20. PMID 12474705.
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