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The Oxford Capacity Analysis (OCA), also known as the American Personality Analysis, is a personality test that is given for free by the Church of Scientology. The OCA test is offered by the Church of Scientology online, at its local churches, and sometimes at local fairs, carnivals, and in other public settings. Scientology is a system of beliefs and practices created by American pulp fiction[1][2] and science fiction [3] author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952 as a self-help philosophy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x1152, 199 KB) A blue e-meter, a ritual device used by the Church of Scientology. ... This is an incomplete bibliography of Scientology and Scientology-related books produced within the Church of Scientology and its related organizations. ... This is an incomplete filmography of Scientology and Scientology-related films, videos, and audiovisual materials produced within the Church of Scientology and its related organizations. ... This article is about the theory and practice termed Dianetics. ... In Dianetics and Scientology, an engram is defined as an unconscious, painful memory. ... In Dianetics and Scientology, Clear is defined as a state in which a person is free of unwanted influences of past memories, unwanted emotions, and mental and physical pain not existing in present time. ... This article examines the beliefs and practices of Scientology as taught by the Church of Scientology. ... In Scientology, the concept of thetan is similar to the concept of spirit or soul found in other belief systems. ... In Church of Scientology doctrine, the subjects of supernatural or superhuman powers and abilities are ones that recur often. ... In Scientology, space opera is a coined usage of the pre-existing term related to science fiction and was used by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard to describe extraterrestrial civilizations and alien interventions in past lives. ... In Scientology doctrine, Xenu (also Xemu) was the alien dictator of the Galactic Confederacy who, 75 million years ago, brought billions of aliens to Earth in DC-8-like spacecraft, stacked them around volcanoes and blew them up with hydrogen bombs. ... Reincarnation, literally to be made flesh again, is a doctrine or mystical belief that some essential part of a living being (in some variations only human beings) survives death to be reborn in a new body. ... In Church of Scientology doctrine, there have been a number of controversial medical claims made, usually centered around their auditing process, which uses a device called an E-meter to analyze and treat a persons so-called Reactive mind and Body Thetans. These claims range from the 1950 publication... In the Church of Scientology, It has long been considered essential that the word of founder L. Ron Hubbard is incontrovertible, and that his works, or Tech, must be preserved unaltered. ... This article examines the beliefs and practices of Scientology as taught by the Church of Scientology. ... There are many holidays, commemorations and observances in the Church of Scientology, including but not limited to: January 25: Criminon Day This commemorates the 1970 founding of Criminon, a program which seeks to rehabilitate prisoners by disseminating free copies of Scientology-related materials such as The Way to Happiness. ... Scientology weddings, as conducted within the Church of Scientology, are described in their book The Background, Ministry, Ceremonies & Sermons of the Scientology Religion. ... Silent birth, sometimes known as quiet birth, refers to a birthing procedure advised by L. Ron Hubbard and advocated by Scientologists in which the baby is delivered into an environment where no pain or anguish is verbally expressed by the mother while experiencing labour pains or the birth itself and... Study tech, or study technology, is a method of study, devised and spelled out by L. Ron Hubbard, founder of the Church of Scientology. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Disconnection is a practice in Scientology, in which a Scientologist severs all ties between themselves and friends, colleagues, or family members who criticize Scientology practices. ... In Scientology, a rundown is a procedure set out as a series of steps to produce a particular end result, or phenomena. ... The Scientology Justice system is a means for a Scientology organization to take action against a member whose conduct or actions are viewed as highly desctructive or offensive by an executive within the organization. ... An E-Meter is a battery-powered electronic instrument manufactured by the Church of Scientologys Gold Base. ... In Scientology, the Assist is described as a process which is done to alleviate a present time discomfort. [1] Despite the use of assists to treat pain and injuries, the Scientology Handbook (1994 edition) states: An assist in no way intrudes upon the role of medicine. ... In the Scientology religion, MEST is an acronym for Matter, Energy, Space and Time, considered by Scientologists to be the four component parts of the physical universe. ... ARC is a fundamental concept in Scientology methodology, and is a term particular to Scientology coined by founder L. Ron Hubbard. ... In Scientology, the tone scale or emotional tone scale is a characterization of human behavior and bodily appearance. ... In Dianetics and Scientology, the reactive mind is a concept created by L. Ron Hubbard, referring to a hypothetical portion of the human mind which Hubbard blamed for most mental and physical ailments. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... Mary Sue Hubbard (born Mary Sue Whipp) (17 June 1931–25 November 2002 [1]) was the third wife of science fiction writer and Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard and often regarded as the first lady of Scientology. ... Heber Carl Jentzsch (born 1935 to Carl Jentzsch and his third wife Pauline), has served as president of the Church of Scientology International since 1982. ... David Miscavige (April 30, 1960 - ) is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology, and controls the copyrighted teachings of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard. ... Tom Cruise (born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV on July 3, 1962) is an Academy Award-nominated, Golden Globe Award-winning American actor and film producer. ... John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, singer, entertainer and airplane pilot. ... The Volunteer Minister program is a worldwide effort founded by the Church of Scientology International. ... Recruitment and endorsements by Scientologist celebrities have always been very important to the Church of Scientology. ... The Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR; also sometimes known as the Citizens Committee on Human Rights) is an advocacy group established in 1969 by the Church of Scientology and Thomas Szasz. ... The Association for Better Living and Education (A.B.L.E.) is a secular branch of the Church of Scientology. ... Founded in 1983, the Concerned Businessmens Association of America (CBAA) is an element of the Scientology movement directed at promoting moral education and enhanced well-being through the use of Hubbards The Way to Happiness booklet in their Set A Good Example (SAGE) program, which holds childrens... World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE) is an organization that educates and assists businesses in the use of Scientology management techniques. ... Narconon is not associated with Narcotics Anonymous, which is sometimes abbreviated Narcanon. Scientologys Narconon is an in-patient rehabilitation program for drug abusers in several dozen treatment centers worldwide, chiefly in the United States and western Europe. ... Downtown Medical is a controversial Scientology clinic on 139 Fulton Street in New York City, founded in 2003 with the purpose of treating people for toxins inhaled from the smoke of the 9/11 attacks. ... Criminon is a secular non proft 501 C3 working with government departments and inmates to reduce recidivism and restore self respect to the inmate. ... The Way to Happiness Foundation International is a Scientology-related non-profit corporation founded in 1984. ... This is a list of Scientology organizations operated by the Church of Scientology (CoS), including Church offices, missions, Celebrity Centres and publicized Scientology and Dianetics groups. ... The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. ... It has been suggested that Rehabilitation Project Force be merged into this article or section. ... The Rehabilitation Project Force, or RPF, is a system of work camps[1] set up by the Church of Scientology Sea Organization, intended to rehabilitate members who have not lived up to the Church expectations or have violated certain policies. ... Celebrity Centres are Church of Scientology centers that are open to the public but serve mostly artists and celebrities and other professionals, leaders and promising new-comers in the fields of the arts, sports, management and government, and for those are the people who are sculpting the present into the... The Church of Scientology (CST) maintains a large base on the outskirts of Trementina, New Mexico. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Office of Special Affairs (OSA) is a department of the Church of Scientology responsible for directing legal affairs, publicizing the Churchs social betterment works, and oversee[ing its] social reform programs. Observers outside the Church have characterized the department as an intelligence agency, comparing it variously to the... The Gold Base is a 500 acre parcel and the headquarters of Golden Era Productions, the media division of the Church of Scientology, located at 19625 Highway 79, Gilman Hot Springs, California 92583, near Hemet. ... The International Association of Scientologists (IAS) was formed in October 1984 by a group of selected Scientologists, who assembled at Saint Hill Manor in East Grinstead, Sussex, England. ... The Religious Technology Center (RTC) is a non-profit corporation established in 1982 by the Church of Scientology to control and oversee the uses of all of the trademarks, symbols and texts of Scientology and Dianetics, including the copyrighted works of the religions founder, L. Ron Hubbard. ... This article examines controversial issues involving Scientology and its affiliated organizations. ... In Scientology, a formally condemned and shunned heretic or wrongdoer is labelled a Suppressive Person, often abbreviated SP. L. Ron Hubbard coined the term to refer to enemies of the Church of Scientology, whose suppressive acts are said to impede the progress of Scientology. ... Fair Game is a status assigned to those whom the Church of Scientology has officially declared to be Suppressive Persons or Suppressive Persons are those whose actions are deemed to suppress or damage Scientology or a Scientologist. ... Operation Snow-White was the name given internally by the Church of Scientology to a program which included the largest incident of private domestic espionage in the history of the United States. ... Operation PC Freakout was the name given by the Church of Scientology to a covert plan undertaken by the Church in 1976, with the goal of harassing Paulette Cooper, author of a book critical of Scientology titled The Scandal of Scientology. The plan came to light when the FBI seized... Scientology versus the Internet is a colloquial term for a long-running online dispute between the Church of Scientology and a number of the Churchs online critics. ... Scientology is publicly, and often vehemently, opposed to psychiatry and psychology and offers itself as an alternative to psychiatry, which Scientologists believe to be a barbaric and corrupt profession. ... The Church of Scientology has been involved in a number of court disputes throughout the world. ... The Free Zone comprises a variety of groups and individuals who practice Scientology beliefs and techniques free from the control of the official Church of Scientology (CoS). ... Patter drills are a drilling method used in courses in the Church of Scientology which were added to many Church courses in mid-1995, by David Miscavige. ... The Fishman Affidavit is a set of court documents submitted by ex-Scientologist Steven Fishman in 1994 containing criticisms of the Church of Scientology and, controversially, substantial portions of the Operating Thetan course materials. ... Operation Clambake Operation Clambake (xenu. ... Trapped in the Closet is episode 912 (#137) of the Comedy Central series South Park. ... Scientology pays members commissions on new recruits they bring in, so Scientology members routinely try to sell Scientology to others. ... Lisa McPherson (born Lisa Skonetski, February 10, 1959–December 5, 1995) was a Scientologist who died while in the care of the Church of Scientology (CoS). ... Lawrence A. Wollersheim is an ex-Scientologist. ... Howard Keith Henson (b. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Church of Scientology is the largest organization devoted to the practice and the promotion of the Scientology belief system. ... The carnival is a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party, generally during the carnival season. ...

The test is an important part of Scientology recruitment and is used worldwide by the Church of Scientology to attract new members. However, it has attracted criticism from psychologists, who consider it to be "not a genuine personality test" ^[1] and criticize the Church of Scientology for using it in what they regard as a "highly manipulative" ^[2] and "manifestly unethical" fashion.^[3]

How the test works

The OCA is composed of 200 questions which can be answered "Yes", "No", or "Maybe". The following is a brief selection of the typical questions:

3. Do you browse through railway timetables, directories or dictionaries just for pleasure?

6. Do you get occasional twitches of your muscles, when there is no logical reason for it?

27. Do you often sing or whistle just for the fun of it?

30. Do you enjoy telling people the latest scandal about your associates?

59. Do you consider the modern prisons without bars system "doomed to failure"?

69. Does emotional music have quite an effect on you?

105. Do you rarely suspect the actions of others?

124. Do you often make tactless blunders?

196. Do you sometimes feel that your age is against you (too young or too old)?

A sample graph produced by the Oxford Capacity Analysis test

The OCA test is often given at the same time as a "Novis Mental Ability Test", a short 30 minute test which is claimed to measure IQ. After the two tests have been completed, a computer program is used to plot the results on a personality profile graph. This gives the testee's IQ rating and score in personality characteristics such as "Stable", "Happy", "Composed", "Certainty", "Active", "Aggressive", "Responsible (Causative)", "Correct Estimation" (meaning the testee's ability to look at a situation and determine what is needed to deal with it), "Appreciative", and "Comm[unication] Level" (meaning the testee's ability to communicate with others).^[4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... IQ redirects here; for other uses of that term, see IQ (disambiguation). ...

The scale on the graph of each trait ranges from +100 to -100, with three main bands marked "Desirable State" (+100 to +30), "Normal" (+30 to 0) and "Unacceptable State" (0 to -100). In the middle are two shaded bands, "Acceptable under perfect conditions" (about +32 to about +6) and "Attention Desirable" (about +6 to about -18). A legend at the foot of the graph sheet warns that a point below the latter band indicates "Attention Urgent".^[5]

After the graph has been plotted, a Scientology staff member reviews the results with the testee.

The OCA's role in Scientology

Development of the OCA

The Oxford Capacity Analysis question booklet and answer sheet

Personality testing has played a key role in Dianetics and Scientology, virtually from the start. L. Ron Hubbard devoted an entire chapter to the subject in his 1951 book Science of Survival. At this point in time, Hubbard recommended using existing tests such as the California Test for Mental Maturity and the Johnson Temperament Analysis Profile. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Dianetics. ...

In the mid-1950s he commissioned a long-time Scientologist, Julia Salman Lewis, to produce a new test for use in Scientology. She developed the American Personality Analysis (APA), based on the existing Johnson Temperament Analysis. Hubbard was still not fully satisfied with the results and in 1959 he asked his friend and fellow Scientologist Ray Kemp to develop the APA into a more general test. According to Kemp: Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The OCA was first publicised in an article by Kemp in the pages of Certainty, the magazine of the Hubbard Association of Scientologists in London.^[7] At this point, its authorship was attributed to him; later it was attributed to unnamed Hubbard Communications Office staff and it is now attributed to L. Ron Hubbard himself. Both the terms "Oxford Capacity Analysis" and "OCA" are registered trademarks belonging to the Church of Scientology's Religious Technology Center.^[8] The copyright is attributed to "L. Ron Hubbard Library", a business alias of the Church of Spiritual Technology.^[9] The Hubbard Association of Scientologists or HAS was the original corporation founded in 1954 by L. Ron Hubbard that managed all Scientology organizations. ... The Religious Technology Center (RTC) is a non-profit corporation established in 1982 by the Church of Scientology to control and oversee the uses of all of the trademarks, symbols and texts of Scientology and Dianetics, including the copyrighted works of the religions founder, L. Ron Hubbard. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The test was first used as an internal assessment tool, but its systematic use as a recruiting tool appears have begun around 1961 following a highly successful pilot conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1960. On Hubbard's instructions, the following advertisement (not dissimilar to the billboards seen outside many Scientology organisations today) had been placed in local newspapers: 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area  - % water 1,644 km² 0. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

Respondents were tested in the Johannesburg Scientology office, having been told:

The results were spectacular, with Hubbard proclaiming it "the hottest, fastest procurement service set up we have ever had." He announced that the new "Personal Efficiency Test Program," utilising the OCA, would be rolled out across Scientology in the next few months.^[11] Since then, OCA tests have been one of the most visible means by which the Church of Scientology attracts new members. An E-Meter is a battery-powered electronic instrument manufactured by the Church of Scientologys Gold Base. ...

How the OCA is used by Scientology

The OCA is today used for two principal purposes. Within the Church of Scientology, it is used to monitor changes in the personality of a "preclear" (novice Scientologist) effected by Scientology "processing". OCA evaluations are conducted regularly and recorded, following Hubbard's instructions:

Sign advertising Scientology personality tests. San Francisco, April 2006.

The more visible use to non-Scientologists is that of external recruitment, using the OCA as a tool to attract new members. In a 1960 policy letter, Hubbard wrote: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 374 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (639 × 1024 pixel, file size: 350 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Scientology - Free personality testing sign. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 374 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (639 × 1024 pixel, file size: 350 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Scientology - Free personality testing sign. ...

The results of the test are invariably negative, as numerous reviewers and reporters have found over the years:

Hubbard advised that the hopelessness of the testee's predicament (or "ruin", as he put it) should be emphasized by the tester, who should continually state that Scientology was the only way in which the situation could be salvaged:

The evaluator follows a script originally devised by South African Scientologist Peter Greene around 1960/61, which Hubbard instructs "must be studied and learned by heart" by evaluators. Although the analysis is represented as being "not our opinion of you, but ... a factual scientific analysis taken from your answers," ^[17] it relies heavily on pre-scripted responses set out in detail in the "OCA Automatic Evaluation Script". For instance, if a low score is recorded on "syndrome" G (Responsible / Irresponsible), the suggested response is:

Similarly, if H (Correct Estimation / Critical) is "failed", the line to be deployed is:

Former Scientologists have spoken of how "everything that's wrong with [people]" is purposefully emphasized in OCA test results.^[19] Individuals who have undertaken the OCA have described how they were given just such negative evaluations; as a young Sydney woman put it in an interview in 1980,

The evaluator is instructed to recommend Scientology as the only viable remedy for such problems. Alternatives are to be mentioned — "psychology, psychoanalysis, Dale Carnegie, Confidence Courses, Mental Exercises" ^[17] — but only for the purpose of dismissing them: "these things had a very limited application and you could get yourself terribly involved in mysteries, expenses and wasted time, before you found any solutions to your difficulties. All across the world today, people are coming to us, to find simpler, more straight forward answers." ^[17]

The testee is not permitted to dissent, with the evaluator forcefully insisting on the benefits of Scientology:

The vehemence with which OCA test evaluators attempt to "impinge" has attracted comment from non-Scientologists who have undergone the test. Writing in 1970, a British psychologist who underwent the test noted that

If an IQ test is added to the regular OCA examination, Scientology is likewise promoted as being essential no matter what the results — for everything from raising a low IQ to managing a high IQ. Hubbard provides four levels of grading for this test, for each of which there is a scripted response:

Uses of the OCA outside Scientology

The OCA is licensed to Scientologist-owned companies through the World Institute of Scientology Enterprises. It has been used for a variety of purposes, most commonly employee screening.^[21] It has often been used without alteration, but has also been issued in modified versions; for instance, MasterTech markets the OCA with minor changes and calls it the Personnel Potential Analysis Test.^[22] World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE) is an organization that educates and assists businesses in the use of Scientology management techniques. ...

Criticism and controversy

The OCA has repeatedly been the subject of controversy. The allegedly manipulative aspects of the way that the test is administered have been criticised many times since the OCA was introduced, and professional psychologists have strongly criticised the test's scientific basis.

Testifying before a public enquiry into Scientology in Victoria, Australia, around 1964, an expert psychologist gave evidence that "the overall impression one gets from reading this manual is that it has been prepared by somebody with a smattering of psychometrics rather than by someone who is really competent in the field." ^[16] A more detailed investigation was undertaken in 1970 by a working party from the British Psychological Society (BPS). The BPS conducted a systematic evaluation of the OCA at the request of Sir John Foster, who was conducting a public enquiry into the practice and effects of Scientology. The working party concluded that Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th)  - Land 227,416 km²  - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... The British Psychological Society (BPS) is the representative body for psychologists and psychology in the United Kingdom. ...

Another detailed evaluation was carried out in 1981 by Gudmund Smith, Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Psychology of the University of Lund, Sweden. The evaluation was performed at the request of a local prosecutor who was investigating a local branch of Narconon, an offshoot of the Church of Scientology. Smith cited numerous methodological and empirical flaws in the OCA, describing it as a "terrible mess", and concluded (in translation from the original Swedish): Lund University Lund University (Swedish: Lunds universitet) is a university in Lund in southernmost Sweden. ... Narconon is not associated with Narcotics Anonymous, which is sometimes abbreviated Narcanon. Scientologys Narconon is an in-patient rehabilitation program for drug abusers in several dozen treatment centers worldwide, chiefly in the United States and western Europe. ...

The OCA also came under scrutiny in Queensland, Australia in 1990, when it emerged that scores of people had lost their jobs after a Brisbane-based personnel management company had given them poor OCA evaluations, "us[ing] such brutal terms they can read like character assassinations, leaving employers with little choice but to fire staff." ^[21] The Australian Psychological Society denounced the OCA as "downright dangerous", commenting that Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Peter Beattie (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd)  - Product per capita  $40,170/person (6th) Population (June Quarter Released Statistics 2006)  - Population  4,053,444 (3rd)  - Density  2. ... Brisbane (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, as well as the third largest city in Australia, with a greater metropolitan population of just under two million. ... The Australian Psychological Society (APS) is a professional association set up to represent psychologists in Australia. ...

The Church of Scientology has reportedly been unable to produce information to substantiate the validity of the Oxford Capacity Analysis. This has attracted criticism from the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements in Lincoln, Nebraska, which produces the Mental Measurements Yearbook — the industry "bible" for psychological tests. According to the institute, ""Any group should include information that substantiates the use of its test. If they can't, then it doesn't meet the standards for educational and psychological tests." ^[19] Nickname: Star City Location in Nebraska Coordinates: Country   State     County United States   Nebraska     Lancaster Founded[1]   Renamed   Incorporated 1856   July 29, 1867   April 1, 1869 Mayor Coleen Seng Area    - City 195. ...

The OCA evaluators' criticism of their test subjects' personalities has also drawn sharp criticism. A London Evening Standard reporter described the unease she felt after she had taken the OCA test: Headlines of the Evening Standard on the day of London bombing on July 7, 2005, in Waterloo Station The Evening Standard is a British tabloid newspaper published and sold in London and surrounding areas of southeast England. ...

Psychologists have echoed this critique. The methodological flaws of the OCA were such that, in the view of Professor Gudmund Smith, "Analysis for evaluation of an individual is, in my opinion, manifestly unethical." ^[3] Testifying in a court case in Ireland in 2003, Dr Declan Fitzgerald of University College Dublin said he believed that the OCA "impinged on people's self-esteem and was highly manipulative." In its 1970 report, the British Psychological Society's working party was even harsher with its criticism, declaring that 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin - more commonly University College Dublin (UCD) - is Irelands largest university, with over 20,000 students. ...

Even the name of the Oxford Capacity Analysis has been criticised as misleading. The Times comments that the test "has nothing to do with Oxford University" and suggests that "Scientologists use the word "Oxford" to give it credence." ^{[24] [19]} The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

Notes

The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ...

External links

• John Foster's 1971 report on OCA
• Operation Clambake presents Oxford Capacity Analysis
• The Personality Test by Chris Owen
• Scientology's Rigged OCA/Personality Test, Robert Vaughn Young
• Online version of the OCA — Scientology.org
• Personnel Potential Analysis Test
• Article discusses a number of topics including origins of the OCA