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The oxidation number of a central atom in a coordination compound is the charge that it would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared with the central atom.[1] It is used in the nomenclature of inorganic compounds. It is represented by a Roman numeral; the plus sign is omitted for positive oxidation numbers. The oxidation number is placed either as a right superscript to the element symbol, e.g. FeIII, or in parentheses after the name of the element, e.g. iron(III): in the latter case, there is no space between the element name and the oxidation number. In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. ...
complex In chemistry, a complex is a structure composed of a central metal atom or ion, generally a cation, surrounded by a number of negatively charged ions or neutral molecules possessing lone pairs. ...
In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule (see also: functional group) that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinate covalent bond to, or shares its electrons through a covalent bond with, one or more central atoms or ions (these ligands act as a...
A lone pair is an electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms. ...
Inorganic nomenclature is a systematic way of naming inorganic compounds. ...
The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. ...
The oxidation number is usually numerically equal to the oxidation state. However, in a few cases the ligand atom can be less electronegative than the central atom (e.g., in iridium phosphine complexes), resulting in a formal oxidation state that is different from the oxidation number. In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. ...
Spectroscopic oxidation states
Although formal oxidation numbers can be helpful for classifying compounds, they are unmeasureable and their physical meaning can be ambiguous. Formal oxidation numbers require particular caution for molecules where the bonding is covalent, since the formal oxidation numbers require the heterolytic removal of ligands, which essentially denies covalency. Spectroscopic oxidation states, as defined by Jorgenson and reiterated by Wieghart, are measureables that are bench-marked using spectroscopic and crystallographic data.[2] In chemistry, heterolysis (from Greek ἑτεÏος, heteros, different, and λυσις, lusis, loosening) is chemical bond cleavage of a neutral molecule generating a cation and an anion. ...
In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule (see also: functional group) that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinate covalent bond to, or shares its electrons through a covalent bond with, one or more central atoms or ions (these ligands act as a...
Covalent bonding is a description of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. ...
References - ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "oxidation number". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
- ^ Bill, E.; Bothe, E.; Chaudhuri, P.; Chlopek, K.; Herebian, D.; Kokatam, S.; Ray, K.; Weyhermueller, T.; Neese, F.; Wieghardt, K., "Molecular and electronic structure of four- and five-coordinate cobalt complexes containing two o-phenylenediamine- or two o-aminophenol-type ligands at various oxidation levels: An experimental, density functional, and correlated ab initio study", Chemistry--A European Journal, 2005, 11, 204-224.
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