An oxime is one in a class of chemical compounds with the general formula R₁R₂CNOH, where R₁ is an organic side chain and R₂ is either hydrogen, forming an aldoxime, or another organic group, forming a ketoxime. A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Benzene An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon. ... The term Side chain can have different meanings depending on the context: In chemistry and biochemistry a side chain is a part of a molecule attached to a core structure. ...

Oximes can be formed by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones. Hydroxylamine is a reactive chemical with formula NH2OH. It can be considered a hybrid of ammonia and water due to parallels it shares with each. ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... Ketone group A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a chemical compound that contains this functional group. ...

The term oxime dates to the 19th century, a condensation of the words oxygen and imide. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... In organic chemistry, imide is a functional group consisting of two carboxylic acid groups (or one dicarboxylic acid) bound to a primary amine or ammonia. ...

Oximes exists as two stereoisomers: a syn isomer and an anti isomer. Aldoximes, except for aromatic aldoximes, exist only as a syn isomer, while ketoximes can be separated almost completely and obtained as a syn isomer and an anti isomer. Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ...

organic synthesis

Oximes can be synthesized by condensation of an aldehyde or a ketone with hydroxylamine. The condensation of aldehydes with hydroxylamine gives aldoxime, and ketoxime is produced from ketones and hydroxylamine. Generally, oximes are colorless crystals and do not dissolve into water easily. Therefore, oxime is used for the identification of ketone or aldehyde. A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis when water is lost) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, often water, methanol, or a type of hydrogen... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ...

Oximes can also be obtained from reaction of nitrites such as isoamyl nitrite with compounds containing an acidic hydrogen atom. Examples are the reaction of ethyl acetoacetate and sodium nitrite in acetic acid ^{[1] [2]}, the reaction of methyl ethyl ketone with ethyl nitrite in hydrochloric acid ^[3] and a similar reaction with propiophenone ^[4], the reaction of phenacyl chloride ^[5], the reaction of malononitrile with sodium nitrite in acetic acid ^[6]. // Definition The nitrite ion is NO2−. A nitrite compound is one that contains this group, either an ionic compound, or an analogous covalent one. ... isoamyl nitrite (C5H11N02) (CAS #110-46-3) is a chemical frequently used as a cleaner. ... Flash point 70 °C R/S statement R: ? S: ? RTECS number AK5250000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, also called nitrous acid, sodium salt, is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. ... Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. ... 2-Butanone is a manufactured organic chemical but it is also present in the environment from natural sources. ... The chemical compound ethyl nitrite is an Alkyl nitrite. ... The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Malononitrile, also propanedinitrile, is a nitrile, with formula CH2(CN)2. ...

A conceptually related reaction is the Japp-Klingemann reaction. The Japp-Klingemann reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize hydrazones from β-keto-acids (or β-keto-esters) and aryl diazonium salts. ...

Organic reactions

The hydrolysis of oximes proceeds easily by heating in the presence of various inorganic acids, and the oximes decompose into the corresponding ketones or aldehydes, and hydroxylamines. The reduction of oximes by sodium amalgam or hydrogenation produces amines. The reduction of aldoximes gives both primary amines and secondary amines. Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... In chemistry, sodium amalgam is an amalgam, or alloy of mercury, with sodium metal. ... Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms are reduced by attachment of a hydrogen atom to each carbon. ... Ammonia Amines are organic compounds and a type of functional group that contain nitrogen as the key atom. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ...

Generally oximes can be changed to the corresponding amide derivatives by treatment with various acids. This reaction is called Beckmann rearrangement. In this reaction, a hydroxyl group is exchanged with the group that is in the anti position of the hydroxyl group. The amide derivatives that are obtained by Beckmann rearrangement can be transformed into a carboxylic acid and an amine by hydrolysis. Beckmann rearrangement is used for the industrial synthesis of caprolactam, which is the material used to make nylon-6. Amide functional group In chemistry, an amide is one of two kinds of compound. ... In chemistry, the Beckmann rearrangement is the rearrangement of a ketoxime to the corresponding amide in concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphorus pentachloride or a few other catalysts. ... Hydroxide is a functional group consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: -O−H It has a charge of 1-. The term hydroxyl group is used when the functional group -OH is counted as a substituent of an organic compound. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid The 3D structure of the carboxyl group A space-filling model of the carboxyl group Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as -COOH. In general, the salts and anions... Caprolactam (C6H11ON) is the monomer used in the production of nylon 6. ... Nylon represents a family of synthetic polymers, a thermoplastic material, invented in 1935 by Wallace Carothers at DuPont. ...

References

1. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.202 (1943); Vol. 15, p.17 (1935). Article
2. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.513 (1955); Vol. 21, p.67 (1941) Article.
3. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.204 (1943); Vol. 10, p.22 (1930) Article.
4. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.363 (1943); Vol. 16, p.44 (1936). Article
5. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.191 (1955); Vol. 24, p.25 (1944) Article.
6. ^ Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p.32 (1973); Vol. 48, p.1 (1968) Article.