NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Oxymetholone

Oxymetholone (Anadrol), is a synthetic anabolic steroid developed by Syntex in 1960. Its primary clinical applications include treatment of osteoporosis and anaemia, as well as stimulating muscle growth in undernourished or underdeveloped patients. The drug was approved for human use by the FDA. However, later non-steroidal drugs such as Epogen were developed and proven to be more effective as a treatment for anaemia and osteoporosis without the side-effects of oxymetholone. The drug remained available despite this, and eventually found a new use in treating HIV wasting syndrome. While classified as a Schedule III drug under the Controlled Substances Act, it remains available via prescription as Anadrol (registered as a trademark of Unimed Pharmaceuticals.) In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with mouth (human). ... Chemical structure of the natural anabolic hormone testosterone, 17Î²-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one. ... Laboratorios Syntex SA was a pharmaceutical company formed in Mexico City in 1944 by Russell Marker to manufacture therapeutic steroids from the Mexican yam. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ... This article discusses the medical condition. ... FDA logo The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, biological medical products, blood products, medical devices, radiation-emitting devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics in the United States. ... Steroid skeleton of lanosterol. ... Epogen is the brand name of a form of Epoetin produced by the pharmaceutical company Amgen Inc. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. ... The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. ...

Presented most commonly as a 50 mg tablet, Oxymetholone is the strongest androgenic steroid available. Similarly, it also poses the greatest risk of side effects of any steroid. Despite very low binding affinity with the androgen receptor, oxymetholone is highly effective in promoting extensive gains in body mass, mostly by greatly improving muscular water retention. For this reason, it is often used illegally by bodybuilders and athletes. Many athletes also use Oxymetholone as a method of protection for the joints under heavy loads. Due to the high water retention users experience from this drug, it similarly lubricates the joints and helps protect them from injury. Oxymetholone is widely considered by bodybuilders to have the strongest anabolic effect out of any oral steroid available; weight increases of 20 pounds in 2 weeks are not unusual of with this drug. The milligram (symbol mg) is an SI unit of mass. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. ... An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ... The androgen receptor is an intracellular steroid receptor that specifically binds testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. ... Bodybuilder Anders Graneheim (Sweden) Bodybuilding is the sport of developing muscle fibers through the combination of weight training, increased caloric intake, and rest. ... Look up Athlete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid. ...

Side effects

The side-effects of short-term use of the drug itself include nausea, bloating, acne, and masculinising effects such as deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair and clitoral hypertrophy . In addition, oxymetholone is readily aromatized by aromatase to form a progestagen, and unless selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen or clomifene are taken in conjunction with the drug, there is a significant risk of the appearance of estrogenic effects such as gynaecomastia over time. Because of its 17α-alkylated structure, oxymetholone is highly hepatotoxic. Long term use of the drug can cause a variety of serious ailments, including hepatitis, liver cancer, and cirrhosis. It is very dangerous to take oxymetholone in high dosages for periods of time exceeding six weeks, and is commonly used by bodybuilders during the start of a steroid cycle to help gain mass and increase serum levels of androgens quickly. For the Beck song, see Nausea (song). ... Bloating is any abnormal general swelling, or increase in diameter of the abdominal area. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Aromatase belongs to the group of cytochrome P450 enzymes (EC 1. ... Progestagens (also spelled progestogens or gestagens) are hormones which produce effects similar to progesterone, the only natural progestagen. ... Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) is a class of medication that acts on the estrogen receptor. ... Tamoxifen is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator which is used in breast cancer treatment, and is currently the worlds largest selling breast cancer treatment. ... Clomifene (INN) or clomiphene (USAN and former BAN) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), used mainly in female infertility due to anovulation (e. ... Estrogens (also oestrogens) are a group of steroid compounds that function as the primary female sex hormone. ... Gynecomastia (gynaecomastia BE) is the development of abnormal breast tissue on men, small or large, and normally on both sides. ... Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) is chemical-driven liver damage. ... Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to liver characterised by presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue. ... Hepatic tumors are tumors or growths on or in the liver (medical terms pertaining to the liver often start in hepato- or hepatic from the Greek word for liver, hepar). ... Cirrhosis of the liver is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrotic scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules, leading to progressive loss of liver function. ... Bodybuilder Anders Graneheim (Sweden) Bodybuilding is the sport of developing muscle fibers through the combination of weight training, increased caloric intake, and rest. ... A steriod cycle is a term commonly used to describe a peroid in time where an individual intakes anabolic steroids. ... Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. ...

Use with other steroids

To further increase its effectiveness as an anabolic agent, bodybuilders typically stack (see steroid stack) oxymetholone with other anabolic steroids. Since it is already a very potent androgen, many users will combine it with drugs such as nandrolone, boldenone and testosterone to further their gains. A steroid stack is a slang term used to describe the combination of two or more anabolic steroids used ideally in synergy for a period commonly ranging from 2 to 10 weeks or even more (see steroid cycle). ... Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength. ... Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. ... Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid occurring naturally in the human body, albeit in small quantities. ... Boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-3-one-17Î²-ol, available as the undecylenate ester), also known under the trade names Equipoise, Ganabol, Equigan and Ultragan, is an anabolic steroid developed for veterinary use, mostly for treatment of horses. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ...

External links

Category: Anabolic steroids Chemical structure of the natural anabolic hormone testosterone, 17Î²-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one. ... A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A14A Anabolic steroids A14AA Androstan derivatives A14AA01 Androstanolone A14AA02 Stanozolol A14AA03 Metandienone A14AA04 Metenolone A14AA05 Oxymetholone A14AA06 Quinbolone A14AA07 Prasterone A14AA08 Oxandrolone A14AA09 Norethandrolone A14AB Estren derivatives A14AB01 Nandrolone A14AB02 Ethylestrenol A14AB03 Oxabolone cipionate A14B Other... Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), is a natural steroid hormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands, the gonads, adipose tissue and the brain. ... For other uses, see DHT (disambiguation). ... Methandrostenolone (Dianabol) is an anabolic steroid originally developed by John Ziegler and released in the US in 1956 by Ciba. ... Metenolone Enanthate is a long acting anabolic steroid with small androgenic (testosterone or andosterone) properties. ... Norethandrolone is an anabolic steroid. ... Oxandrolone (Oxandrin) is an anabolic steroid created by Searle Laboratories under the trademark Anavar, and introduced into the US in 1964. ... Quinbolone (Anabolicum Vister) is an anabolic steroid with weak androgenic effects. ... Stanozolol, sold under the name Winstrol, was developed by Winthrop Laboratories in 1962. ... Ethylestrenol (MaxibolinÂ®) is an anabolic steroid with some progesterone-like activity, and little androgenic activity. ... Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid occurring naturally in the human body, albeit in small quantities. ... Oxabolone cipionate (or oxabolone cypionate) is an anabolic steroid. ... Boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-3-one-17Î²-ol, available as the undecylenate ester), also known under the trade names Equipoise, Ganabol, Equigan and Ultragan, is an anabolic steroid developed for veterinary use, mostly for treatment of horses. ... Stanozolol, sold under the name Winstrol, was developed by Winthrop Laboratories in 1962. ... Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) is an androgenic steroid that is only useful to a small select group of athletes who seeks very specific goals. ... Trenbolone is a steroid used by veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. ... Methenolone Enanthate is a DHT based anabolic steroid. ... // Turinabol by Thai Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Co. ... Mesterolone is an orally applicable androgen, and DHT derivative. ... Mibolerone is a Anabolic steroid which is very androgenic. ... Tetrahydrogestrinone Tetrahydrogestrinone (often referred to as THG or the clear) is an anabolic steroid. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ...

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Use with other steroids

External links

Side effects