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Patrick Henry Pearse (known as Pádraig Pearse or, in the Irish language, as Pádraig Anraí Mac Piarais) (November 10, 1879 – May 3, 1916) was a teacher, poet, writer and political activist who led the Irish Easter Rising in 1916. Following the collapse of the Rising, Pearse — along with his brother and fourteen other leaders of it — were executed. Photo of Patrick Pearse claim fair use b/c of unreproducable historical nature of the photo This work is copyrighted. ...
Photo of Patrick Pearse claim fair use b/c of unreproducable historical nature of the photo This work is copyrighted. ...
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November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ...
1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
A 1907 engraving of William Butler Yeats, one of Irelands best-known poets. ...
The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Casca) was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916. ...
Radical nationalism Patrick Henry Pearse was born in Dublin. His father was an English artisan/stonemason, who held moderate home rule views and his mother, Margaret, was from an Irish-speaking family in County Meath. The Irish-speaking influence of his aunt Margaret instilled in him an early love for the Irish language. In 1896, at the age of only sixteen, he joined the Gaelic League (Conradh na nGaeilge), and in 1903 at the age of 23, he became editor of its newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis ("The Sword of Light"). Dublins Hapenny Bridge. ...
Devolution or Home rule is the pooling of powers from central government to government at regional or local level. ...
Meath (An Mhí in Irish) is a county in the Republic of Ireland, the county is often informally called The Royal County. ...
1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge) is an organization for the purpose of keeping the Irish language spoken in Ireland. ...
1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ...
Pearse's earlier heroes were the ancient Gaelic folk heroes such as Cuchulainn, though in his 30s he began to take a strong interest in the leaders of past republican movements, such as Theobald Wolfe Tone and Robert Emmet; it was these men that those such as Pearse drew inspiration for the rebellion of 1916. Young Cúchulainn, 1912 illustration by Stephen Reid. ...
Theobald Wolfe Tone Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone (20 June 1763 - 19 November 1798) was a leading figure in the Irish independence movement. ...
Robert Emmet Statue of Robert Emmet; photo courtesy Paul Huang. ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
St Enda's As a cultural nationalist, Pearse believed that language was intrinsic to the identity of a nation. The Irish school system, he believed, raised Ireland's youth to be good Englishmen or obedient Irishmen, and an alternative was needed. Thus for him and other language revivalists, saving the Irish language from extinction was a cultural priority of the utmost importance. The key to saving the language, he felt, would be a sympathetic education system. To show the way, he started his own bilingual school, St. Enda's School (Scoil Eanna) in Ranelagh, Dublin in 1908. Here, the pupils were taught in both the Irish and English languages. Ranelagh (Irish Raghnallach) is a residential area and township on the southside of Dublin city, Ireland. ...
1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
With the aid of Thomas MacDonagh, Pearse's younger brother Willie and other (often transient) academics, it soon proved a successful experiment. He did all he planned, and even brought students on fieldtrips to the Gaeltacht in the west of Ireland. Pearse's restless idealism led him in search of an even more idyllic home for his school. He found it in the Hermitage, Rathfarnham, where he moved St. Enda's in 1910. However, the new home, while splendidly located in an eighteenth century house surrounded by park and woodlands, caused financial difficulties that almost brought him to disaster. He strove continually to keep ahead of his debts while doing his best to maintain the school. Thomas MacDonagh (February 1, 1878 - May 3, 1916) was an Irish nationalist, poet, and a leader of the 1916 Easter Rising. ...
William Pearse (1881 - May 4, 1916) was an Irish nationalist and younger brother of Patrick Pearse. ...
The Gaeltacht, also called An Ghaeltacht, refers to any of the regions in Ireland where the Irish language is officially the major language, i. ...
Rathfarnham (Irish: Rath Fearnain), on Dublins Southside is home to Rathfarnham Castle, Loreto Abbey, Marlay Park, the Sarah Curran and the landmark Yellow House pubs. ...
1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The Volunteers, the IRB, and the Easter Rising In November 1913 Pearse was invited to the inaugural meeting of the Irish Volunteers, formed to enforce the implementation of the Home Rule Act. The bill had just failed to pass the House of Lords at the third effort, but the diminished power of the Lords under the Parliament Act meant that the bill was only to be delayed. Early in 1914, Pearse became a member of the secret Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), an organisation dedicated to the overthrow of British rule in Ireland and its replacement with a republic. Pearse was then one of many people who were members of both the IRB and the Volunteers. When he became the Volunteers' Director of Military Organisation in 1914 he was the highest ranking Volunteer in the IRB membership, and instrumental in the latter's commandeering of the Volunteers for the purpose of rebellion. By 1915 he was on the IRB's Supreme Council, and its secret Military Committee, the core group that began planning for a rising while the Great War raged on the European mainland. The Easter Proclamation of 1916. ...
The Easter Proclamation, officially called but rarely referred to as the Proclamation of the Republic, was a document read by Padraig Pearse at the start of the Easter Rising in Ireland in April 1916, in which a supposed republican Provisional Government claimed the right to proclaim Irish independence from the...
The General Post Office (GPO), located in Dublins OConnell Street, is the headquarters of An Post, the Irish postal service. ...
The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Casca) was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916. ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
The Irish Volunteers (Óglaigh na hÉireann) were a paramilitary organization established by Irish Nationalists in 1913 to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland, and to enforce the imminent Home Rule Act. ...
This article is about the British House of Lords. ...
In the United Kingdom, Parliament Act refers to each of two Acts of Parliament, passed in 1911 and 1949 respectively. ...
1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) played an important role in the history of Ireland. ...
Following a stirring speech he gave at the Funeral of the Fenian O'Donovan Rossa on 1 August 1915, Pearse was chosen by the leading IRB man Thomas Clarke to be the spokesman for the Rising that he hoped would soon occur. It was Pearse who, shortly before Easter in 1916, issued the orders to all Volunteers units throughout the country for three days of maneuvers beginning Easter Sunday, which was actually the signal for a general uprising. When Eoin MacNeill, the Chief of Staff of the Volunteers, learned what was being planned, he countermanded the orders, causing Pearse to issue a last minute order to go through with the plan the following day, greatly limiting the numbers who turned out for the rising. Without MacNeill on board as their figurehead, the Military Committee needed someone else to take the title of President of the Irish Republic and Commander in Chief. Pearse was chosen over Clarke, as Clarke was a convicted felon and eschewed any such role, while Pearse was respected throughout the country, and a natural leader. The Irish ten shilling coin featured Cúchulainn, the mythical Irish hero, the coin was produced for the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising and commenced circulation on April 12 1966 and was designed by T Hugh Paget. ...
The harp is a chordophone whose strings are positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. ...
August 1st is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ...
1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Thomas James Clarke (March 11, 1857-May 3, 1916) was an Irish revolutionary leader and was perhaps the man most responsible for the Easter Rising of 1916. ...
Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ...
1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
Eoin MacNeill (May 15, 1867 - October 15, 1945) was an Irish scholar and revolutionary. ...
When eventually the Rising did erupt on Easter Monday, 24 April, 1916, it was Pearse, as President, who proclaimed a Republic from the steps of the General Post Office, headquarters of the insurgents. When, after several days fighting, it became apparent that victory was impossible, he surrendered, along with most of the other leaders. Pearse and fourteen other leaders, including his brother Willie, were court-martialled and executed by firing squad. Thomas Clarke, Thomas MacDonagh and Patrick Pearse were the first of the rebels to be executed, on the morning of May 3, 1916. Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ...
April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ...
The Easter Proclamation, officially called but rarely referred to as the Proclamation of the Republic, was a document read by Padraig Pearse at the start of the Easter Rising in Ireland in April 1916, in which a supposed republican Provisional Government claimed the right to proclaim Irish independence from the...
The General Post Office (GPO), located in Dublins OConnell Street, is the headquarters of An Post, the Irish postal service. ...
A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...
Execution by firing squad is a method of capital punishment, especially in times of war. ...
Pearse's Writings
Pearse wrote stories and poems in both Irish and English, his best-known English poem being "The Wayfarer". He also penned several allegorical plays in the Irish language, including The King, The Master, and The Singer. Most of his ideas on education are contained in his famous essay "The Murder Machine: An Essay on Education". He also authored many essays on politics and language, notably "The Coming Revolution".
Largely because of a series of political pamphlets Pearse wrote in the months leading up to the 1916 Rising, he soon became recognised as the voice of the 1916 Rising. In the middle decades of the twentieth century, Pearse was idolised by Irish nationalists as the supreme idealist of their cause. However, with the outbreak of conflict in Northern Ireland in 1969, Pearse soon became associated with the Provisional IRA. Pearse's reputation and writings were subject to criticism by historians who saw him as a dangerous and fanatical influence. Others defended Pearse, arguing that to blame him for all that was happening in Northern Ireland was unhistorical and a distortion of the real spirit of his writings. Though the passion of those arguments has waned with the continuing peace in Northern Ireland following the Belfast Agreement in 1998, his complex personality still remains a subject of controversy for those who wish to debate the evolving meaning of Irish nationalism. Northern Ireland is an administrative region and one of four parts of the United Kingdom. ...
1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which aimed, through the use of violence, to achieve three goals: (i) British withdrawal from Ireland, (ii) the political unification of Ireland through the merger of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , and (iii) the creation of an all...
The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was a major step in the Northern Ireland peace process. ...
1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
His former school, St. Enda's, Rathfarnham, on the south side of Dublin, is now the Pearse Museum dedicated to his memory. The Pearse Museum is dedicated to the memory of Patrick Pearse, educationalist and nationalist who was executed for his part in the 1916 Rising. ...
Personal Life Little is known about his private life, but there has been much speculation. Some of his poetry, and his apparent lack of any romantic involvement with women throughout his life, has led to presumptions that he was homosexual. No real evidence for such conjecture exists, beyond speculation taken from his works of fiction. However, in recent years research has come to light that suggests that, in the last years of his life, he had a blossoming relationship with a young English woman who, like himself, was a teacher. If his life had not been cut short by the political intrigues that drew him away from 'normal' life, the picture we have of him might be very different.
External links - Illustrated biography, and collected writings of Pearse (http://www.pearsecom.com/padraicpearse/)
- A look at Pearse's published poems tackling the issues raised by revisionists. (http://www.pearsecom.com/Garden/)
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