Look up p in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

P is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. It can also refer to the following. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that French Wiktionary be merged into this article or section. ... Look up P, p in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...

Science

• In astronomy,
  • P stands for the dwarf planet Pluto; for example, S/2005 P 1 is the first satellite of Pluto sighted in 2005.
  • P stands for periodic (comet), as in 1P/Halley or 173P/Mueller.
  • P stands for an August 1 through 15 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g. C/1957 P1, Comet Mrkos) or asteroid (e.g. (4034) 1986 PA).
• In biochemistry, P is the symbol for proline.
• In chemistry, P is the symbol for the element phosphorus, or sometimes for phosphate.
• In electronics, a p type (or p-type) semiconductor has been doped in order to increase the number of positive (hence the p) charge carriers.
• In genetics,
  • Haplogroup P (mtDNA) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
  • Haplogroup P (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup.
• In physics,
  • p is the symbol for momentum or pressure.
  • P is the symbol for power or polarisation.
  • P is the symbol for the poise, the CGS unit of dynamic viscosity.
  • p is the symbol for the poncelet, an obsolete unit of power.
  • p is the symbol for the pond, an obsolete unit of force.
  • In particle physics, p is the symbol for the proton.
  • P is a corner point joining three edges of the Brillouin zone of a body-centered cubic lattice.
• In the SI system,
  • p, pico, is an SI prefix meaning 10⁻¹².
  • P, peta, is an SI prefix meaning 10¹⁵.

A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy is the science of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as auroras and cosmic background radiation). ... Adjectives: Plutonian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... S/2005 P 1 is a natural satellite of Pluto. ... (Redirected from 1P/Halley) Comet Halley as taken with the Halley Multicolor Camera on the ESA Giotto mission. ... 173P/Mueller, also known as Mueller 5, is a periodic comet in our solar system. ... The provisional designation of comets and asteroids are similar to each other: they both follow a pattern set in 1925 by the Minor Planet Center of the IAU. Historical designations At first, astronomers strove to assign symbols to the minor planets: 1 Ceres a stylized sickle 2 Pallas a lozenge... Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ... L-Proline is one of the twenty proteinogenic units which are used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... General Name, Symbol, Number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ... Above is a ball-and-stick model of the inorganic hydrogenphosphate anion (HPO42−). Colour coding: P (orange); O (red); H (white). ... // Electronics is the study of electron mechanics. ... A P-type semiconductor is obtained by carrying out a process of doping, that is adding a certain type of atoms to the semiconductor in order to increase the number of free (in this case positive) charges. ... For a non-technical introduction to the topic, please see Introduction to genetics. ... In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup P is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup P (M45) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. ... Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the fundamental laws of the universe. ... In classical mechanics, momentum (pl. ... The use of water pressure - the Captain Cook Memorial Jet in Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra. ... In physics, power (symbol: P) is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transferred. ... This article treats polarization in electrodynamics. ... The poise (P; IPA: ) is the unit of dynamic viscosity in the centimetre gram second system of units. ... Poncelet may refer to: Christian Poncelet, the politician; Jean-Victor Poncelet, the mathematician. ... The deprecated unit kilogram-force (kgf) or kilopond (kp) is the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity (defined as exactly 9. ... Thousands of particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per ion) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ... In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone is the primitive cell in the reciprocal lattice in momentum space. ... Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other meanings of Pico see Pico (disambiguation) Pico (symbol p) is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting a factor of 10-12. ... An SI prefix (also known as a metric prefix) is a name or associated symbol that precedes a unit of measure (or its symbol) to form a decimal multiple or submultiple. ... In physics and mathematics, peta- (symbol: P) is a prefix in the SI (system of units) denoting 1015, or 1 000 000 000 000 000. ...

Mathematics

• Blackboard bold usually stands for projective space or the set of all prime numbers
• p is usually a variable representing a single arbitrary prime number.
• P_n(x) denotes a Legendre polynomial of the nth degree.
• In probability and statistics,
  • p denotes probability
  • the p-value of a given result in an experiment is the result's significance; that is, the probability of observing this result or a more extreme result, by chance alone.
• In symbolic logic, p (along with q and r) is often used to denote a proposition.

An example of blackboard bold letters. ... In mathematics, a projective space is a fundamental construction from any vector space. ... In mathematics, a prime number (or a prime) is a natural number that has exactly two (distinct) natural number divisors, which are 1 and the prime number itself. ... Note: The term Legendre polynomials is sometimes used (wrongly) to indicate the associated Legendre polynomials. ... Probability is the extent to which something is likely to happen or be the case[1]. Probability theory is used extensively in areas such as statistics, mathematics, science, philosophy to draw conclusions about the likelihood of potential events and the underlying mechanics of complex systems. ... A graph of a Normal bell curve showing statistics used in educational assessment and comparing various grading methods. ... In statistical hypothesis testing, the p-value of a random variable T used as a test statistic is the probability that T will assume a value at least as extreme as the observed value tobserved, given that a null hypothesis being considered is true. ... In statistics, a result is significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance, given that a presumed null hypothesis is true. ... Mathematical logic is a discipline within mathematics, studying formal systems in relation to the way they encode intuitive concepts of proof and computation as part of the foundations of mathematics. ... Proposition is a term used in logic to describe the content of assertions. ...

Computing

• P is an operation on a semaphore, used for process synchronisation.
• In complexity theory, P is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine.
• <p> is the HTML tag to mark the beginning of paragraphs.
• In Windows, Ctrl-P, and Mac OS X, Command-P, usually prints the open document.

A semaphore is a protected variable (or abstract data type) and constitutes the classic method for restricting access to shared resources (e. ... As a branch of the theory of computation in computer science, computational complexity theory describes the scalability of algorithms, and the inherent difficulty in providing scalable algorithms for specific computational problems. ... In computational complexity theory, P is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time. ... In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a question in some formal system with a yes-or-no answer. ... An artistic representation of a Turing Machine . ... In computing, an HTML element indicates structure in an HTML document and a way of hierarchically arranging content. ... Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of proprietary software operating systems by Microsoft. ... Mac OS X (official IPA pronunciation: ) is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...

Other uses

• In baseball, P is the abbreviation for the position of pitcher.
• In bibliography, p (or p.) is the abbreviation for page (pp. stands for "pages").
• In British coinage, p is the symbol for penny (plural pence), for example 20p (20 pence).
• In chess, P is sometimes used as a notation symbol for the pawn piece.
• In driving,
  • P designates the parking gear of an automatic transmission.
  • P on a plate attached to the exterior of a vehicle indicates the driver is on a probationary license (in an L/P-plate system).
  • P on a Prohibitory traffic sign (or Prohibition sign) communicates parking availability, with a P in a red crossed circle indicating "No Parking" and a P in an open circle (often accompanied with a directional arrow) indicating parking availability.
• In economics, P is usually used to represent price levels.
• In international license plate codes, P stands for Portugal.
• In metrology,
  • P is the symbol for the French foot (pied);
  • p is the symbol for the French inch (pouce); and
  • p can also stand for "part", as in ppm ("parts per million").
• In music, p stands for piano, meaning "softly" (pp stands for "pianissimo").
• In New Zealand, P is slang for pure methamphetamine.
• In photography, most SLR cameras use P to signify program mode, where the camera sets both aperture and shutter speed.
• As the first letter of a postal code, in Canada, P stands for Northern Ontario.
• In publishing, a circled P, ℗, represents a copyright on a sound recording.
• In Roman naming convention, P is the abbreviation for the praenomen Publius.
• In UK regulation of therapeutic goods 'P' designates Pharmacist-only over-the-counter drugs.
• P was an American alternative rock band; see P (group).
• P (or p) is sometimes confused with rho, the seventeenth letter of the Greek Alphabet, or is used as a substitute when the correct character is not available.
• P is used as an emoticon in the form of :P

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