This article is part of the series Politics of Afghanistan

Constitution

Government

Executive Legislature Judiciary

President Vice President Cabinet of Ministers

House of the People House of Elders

Chief Justice Supreme Court

Elections Political Parties Image File history File links To complete the very good series by Marc Mongenet Afghanistan flag 300px height unified for the national flags series, by Marc Mongenet, from CIA World Factbook, borders removed, high compression ratio, some color or ratio corrections from http://www. ... In recent years the Politics of Afghanistan has been dominated by the 2001 U.S.-led invasion and the subsequent efforts to stablise and democratise the country. ... The President of Afghanistan is Afghanistans Head of State. ... The Cabinet of Ministers of Afghanistan is made of the heads of all the government ministries. ... The House of the People, also known natively as the The Wolesi Jirga is the lower house of the bicameral national assembly of Afghanistan. ... The House of Elders, also natively known as the Meshrano Jirga is the upper house of the bicameral national assembly of Afghanistan. ... Chief Justice of Afghanistan is the head of the Afghan Supreme Court. ... The Afghan Supreme Court (Stera Mahkama) is the court of last resort in Afghanistan. ... Elections in Afghanistan gives information on election and election results in Afghanistan. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ...

Governors

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The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was a Marxist-Leninist party founded in January 1, 1965. This is a table of the current governors of Afghanistan. ... This is a list of politics articles available for every country. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ...

In 1978, the PDPA, supported by the Soviet Union, overthrew the unstable regime of Mohammad Daoud in a bloody coup and established a Communist state, renaming the country the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan (July 18, 1909 - April 28, 1978) was an Afghani statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). ... A Communist state is a state governed by a single political party which declares its allegiance to the principles of Marxism-Leninism. ... This article is about Communist rule in Afghanistan (1978-1992). ...

The PDPA began to initiate secular reforms that were not well-received by the Afghan populace, especially Islamic conservatives and fundamentalists in rural areas. The regime became widely unstable, with several opposed to the secular reforms taking up arms against the government. Tensions peaked with a power struggle between President Mohammed Taraki and Defense Minister Hafizullah Amin. Taraki was killed and Amin assumed the presidency. Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... In comparative religion, fundamentalism refers to anti-modernist movements in various religions. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Hafizullah Amin (August 1, 1929 - December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ...

The Soviet Union, convinced that the government was in great danger of being toppled, began to move troops into Afghanistan on December 19, 1979, in order to prop up the regime and defeat the mujahideen guerrillas. The Soviets justified this action based on the Brezhnev Doctrine; however, the move produced a rapid cooling of relations with the United States, who began to arm the mujahideen to drive the Soviets out. December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1979 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Mujahideen (مجاهدين; also transliterated as mujāhidīn, mujahedeen, mujahedin, mujahidin, mujaheddin, etc. ... The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated: When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it...

Despite the massive Soviet presence, the PDPA found itself increasingly unpopular, wrought with intraparty factional struggles and bogged down in continual guerrilla war. Soviets troops withdrew in 1989.

President and PDPA leader Mohammad Najibullah agreed to step down in favor of a transitional government in 1992, three years after the Soviet troop withdrawal. The mujahideen established a new government in Kabul led by Ahmad Shah Massoud. But the mujahideen were soon torn by factional struggles, particularly between Massoud's coalition government and the Taliban. Taliban forces took Kabul in 1996, and Najibullah, who had been residing in a UN compound, was hanged from a traffic light post. Mohammad Najibullah (1947–September 27, 1996) was the fourth President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... Kabul (34°32′ N 69°10′ E, Kâbl, in Persian کابل) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan with a population variously estimated at 2 to 4 million. ... Ahmed Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود) (c. ... The Taliban (Pashtun and Persian: طالبان; students), also transliterated as Taleban, is an Islamist and Pashtun nationalist movement which ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, despite having diplomatic recognition from only three countries: the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. ...

See also: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan This article is about Communist rule in Afghanistan (1978-1992). ...

External links

• The PDPA and the Soviet invasion