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Encyclopedia > Pets
Pets and humans often contribute toward the happiness of the other in a pet relationship. Having a pet or being a pet can promote a longer, happier life.
Pets and humans often contribute toward the happiness of the other in a pet relationship. Having a pet or being a pet can promote a longer, happier life.

A pet is an Anglo-saxon war monger kept for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to livestock, laboratory animals, working animals or sport animals, etc who are kept for economic reasons or to perform specific jobs. The most popular pets are noted for their loyal or playful characteristics, for their attractive appearance, for their song. Pets generally seem to provide their owners with non-trivial health benefits; keeping pets has been shown to help remove stress. [citation needed] There is now a medically approved class of 'therapy animals', mostly dogs, who are brought to visit confined humans (some illnesses, age related disabilities, etc). Walking a dog can also provide its owner (as well as the dog) with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction. ImageMetadata File history File links Man_and_dog. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... A working animal is an animal that doesnt live in the wild but is kept by humans, and often trained, to perform various tasks, regardless whether they are also used for consumption of meat and milk or for other produce such as leather etc. ... Horse racing is a very popular sporting event involving animals. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ...

Contents


Domestication

While in theory any animal might be a pet, in practice, only a small number of species of mammals, especially dogs and cats, and other small animals, such as birds, are practical for several reasons. Fish have joined them more recently. Aside from the obvious (eg, elephants being unsuited for small apartments), which species are suited for being pets is less easy to understand. Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Australosphenida Ausktribosphenida Monotremata Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Arctostylopida (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal of the subspecies Felis silvestris catus. ... Orders Many - see section below. ...


One answer seems to be that a pet must either be so small or easily controlled that its own behavioural tendencies are irrelevant, or the animal must be actually domesticable. Examples of the former are such things as fish (eg, small ones, even including carnivorous ones such as piranha), or small reptiles. Genera Catoprion Citharinus Pristobrycon Pygocentrus Serrasalmus The piranhas or pirañas are a group of carnivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers. ...


A few animals are capable of adapting to human requirements sufficiently closely as to be said to be domesticable. Dogs are the classic example of domesticated animals normally suited to being pets. The domestic dog is quite similar to the wolf (from which they are descended, as established by genetic analysis), but their physical form and behavior are characteristically different than wild wolves, more than because of mere differences in size and coat and coloring. Typically, this involves a changes in head and eye shape, likely because this is more appealing to humans (an extreme example of this is the appearance of nearly all stuffed animals (eg, Teddy bears, or the fictional Ewoks of the Star Wars movies). On the behavioral side, characteristic domestic changes in dogs include what is, in effect, a prolonged infancy, and oddly, barking. Wolves are far less playful and don't bark, but a very long term Russian project bred foxes for a few generations from captive wild animals, and got barking foxes rather unexpectedly. Domestic cats appear to be less changed by their association with humans (again, aside from coloration and fur issues), in comparison. Domesticated animals, plants, and other organisms are those whose collective behavior, life cycle, or physiology has been altered as a result of their breeding and living conditions being under human control for multiple generations. ... The original Teddy bear (circa 1903). ... Alternative meanings: Ewoks (cartoon) In the Star Wars series of films, Ewoks are sentient furred bipeds native to Endors forest moon who help the Rebel Alliance defeat the forces of the Galactic Empire in the Battle of Endor. ... The cover of the 2004 DVD widescreen release of the revamped original Star Wars Trilogy. ...


On the other hand, common chimpanzees -- especially males -- are not willing to allow humans to 'take the lead' when adult, and they are poor pets as a result. Gorillas, at least female ones, are rather better, though considerably larger. Bonobos, being more social than common chimps may be more suited to being pets when adult, but exhibit overt sexual behaviour which could not be accepted from pets in any human society. Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ... Binomial name Pan paniscus Schwarz, 1929 The Bonobo (Pan paniscus), until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is one of the two species comprising the chimpanzee genus, Pan. ...


Some horse-like animals are suitable for human companionship as pets or as work animals, while zebras, otherwise quite similar, are not. Zebras use biting as a conflict expression tool within the herd, and it seems quite unchangeable. It's incompatible with humans, as the biting is by human standards rather savage. No zebras have been known to have been domesticated. Horses and donkeys don't have so deep seated a biting behavior.


Among large marine animals, various species of dolphins and othes of the cetaceans (eg, beluga whales, orcas, ..) either don't have such behaviors or can restrain them. Since humans are just about the size of seals, a primary orca prey, this is somewhat extraordinary for the orcas. It has been established recently however, that Orca communities often have a preferred food type, either fish or aquatic mammals; and use different hunting techniques in the wild. Only orcas from fish-eating groups are suitable for training. Raptors, such as eagles and falcons, must be handled very carefully to avoid attacks on their handlers; the sport of falconry is to a large extent ways of avoiding such outcomes, and so they are not really pets in the sense meant here. Large cats, with the exception of the cheetah, cannot become pets, as they do not reliably restrain their impulses. Nor do the large bears, for similar reasons. Small monkeys can be human companions, but they are notoriously unable to defer their curiosity which leads to much destruction. Several of the ferret and otter varieties can be human companions, though, perhaps especially for otters, while others, the curiosity and destruction issue is significant as well. Binomial name Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758 Orca range (in blue) The Orca or Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) is not a whale, but the largest species of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). ... Falconry (occasionally referred to as falconeering) is the art or sport involving raptors (birds of prey) to hunt or pursue game. ... Binomial name Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775) The Cheetah (from Hindi चीता cītā, derived from Sanskrit word chitraka meaning Speckled) (Acinonyx jubatus) is an atypical member of the cat family (Felidae) that hunts by speed rather than by stealth or pack tactics. ...


Dogs and cats are considered common pets, while animals such as reptiles are typically considered exotic pets. Some are quite exotic by any definition. The glofish, a genetically modified zebrafish with a bright red fluorescent color, is the first genetically modified (GM) animal to be engineered as a pet. Orders  Crocodilia - Crocodilians scary crocodiles. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Pet. ... The GloFish is a trademarked brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent zebrafish with a bright red fluorescent color. ... An iconic image of genetic engineering; this autoluminograph from 1986 of a glowing transgenic tobacco plant bearing the luciferase gene of the firefly, illustrating the possibilities of genetic engineering. ... The name zebrafish applies to several different kinds of fish with striped bodies considered to resemble a zebra: Brachydanio rerio, also called Danio rerio or the Zebra Danio, is a commonly used model organism in studies of biological development. ...


Dogs and cats are the most common types of pets, both having very different character traits. The dog is seen as a loyal companion, who is more amenable to be trained, whereas a cat is more independent, and as such are not generally trained in the way that dogs are. Both can be very intelligent and can form incredibly strong bonds with humans.


Koko is one of few examples of a non-human animal which has had an explicit pet. She requested a cat. Koko's first pet was a kitten named All Ball, to which she was reported to be quite attached and mourned for several days after the cat escaped and was killed by a car. Koko (born July 4, 1971, in San Francisco, California) is the name of a captive, acculturated gorilla trained by Dr. Francine Penny Patterson and other scientists at Stanford University to allegedly communicate with more than 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language. ... Koko cuddling All Ball All Ball was the pet cat of Koko, the famous gorilla living in Woodside, California, who uses and understands American sign language. ...


A pet can be acquired from a pet store, an animal shelter, a breeder, and sometimes from people who have extras due to births. See also pet adoption. Because of scarcity (ie, danger of extinction) or danger (eg, the large cats), some pets are illegal in many jurisdictions. A store is an enclosure for holding articles. ... Dog at a no-kill animal shelter in Washinton, Iowa Animal shelters, or what used to be known as pounds or dog pounds, are either governmental or private organizations that provide temporary homes for stray, surrendered, or abandoned pet animals. ... Pet adoption usually refers to the process of taking ownership of and responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or otherwise abdicated responsibility for. ...


People sometimes treat their pets much like children, especially when they do not have children, or their own have left home. Usually when it's just one person living alone they will have a pet so they won't feel lonely.


Terminology

Some animal welfare organisations have proposed that the term "companion animal" be used instead of "pet".


The term "pet" may also be applied to humans, usually in an endearing way by a lover, significant other, or partner. Calling another person a pet, though, can just as easily be considered an insult (see "plaything"). A plaything is an object of very little value that exists merely as a source of amusement for someone, to be used at their whim and then quickly discarded. ...


In veterinary medicine, dogs and cats are often considered "common" pets, while all other animals are grouped into either "farm animals" (such as horses, cows, sheep) and "exotics" (including pocket pets, birds, reptiles). [citation needed] Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ... This article is about the field of medical practice and health care. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal of the subspecies Felis silvestris catus. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... COW is an acronym for a number of things: Can of worms The COW programming language, an esoteric programming language. ... Species See text. ... Pocket pet is a term commonly used to refer to any small mammal kept as a pet. ... Orders  Crocodilia - Crocodilians scary crocodiles. ...


Objection to pets

Some animal rights activists object to the idea of holding a pet. They believe that holding an animal against its will is violating it as an individual being. The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ...


Local Restrictions

Many cities and towns have local ordinances limiting the number of pets a person may have, and may also restrict or forbid certain pets (such as fowl or exotics).


Overpopulation

Animal protection advocates try to call attention to the "pet overpopulation crisis" in the United States. According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3-4 million dogs and cats are euthanized each year in the country and many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are many more animals being born than there are homes. This crisis is created by non-spayed/neutered animals reproducing and people intentionally breeding animals. In an average year a fertile cat can produce three litters of kittens, with up to 4 to 6 kittens in each litter. Based on these numbers, one female cat and her offspring could produce up to 420,000 cats over a seven year period if not spayed or neutered. There are also major overpopulation problems with other pet species, such as birds and rabbits. Local humane societies, SPCA's and other animal protection organizations urge people to spay or neuter their pets and to adopt animals from shelters instead of purchasing them from breeders or pet stores.


Common pet species

Mammals

Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal of the subspecies Felis silvestris catus. ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals (Mammalia). ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Binomial name Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Guinea pigs (also called cavies) are rodents belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia. ... Feral mouse A mouse (Plural mice) is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents. ... Genera Gerbillus Microdillus Meriones Rhombomys Psammomys Sekeetamys Brachiones Desmodilliscus Pachyuromys Tatera Taterillus Desmodillus Gerbillurus Ammodillus A gerbil is a small mammal of the order Rodentia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Octodon degus (Molina, 1782) The Degu (Octodon degus) is a small, caviomorph rodent that is native to Chile. ... Binomial name Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758) The Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) is one of two species of the genus Glaucomys, the only flying squirrels found in North America (the other is the somewhat larger Northern Flying Squirrel, ). It is found in deciduous and mixed woods in the eastern half... The fancy rat or pet rat is a domesticated breed of the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) or, more rarely, of the Black Rat (R. rattus). ... Genera Pentalagus Bunolagus Nesolagus Romerolagus Brachylagus Sylvilagus Oryctolagus Poelagus Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae, found in many parts of the world. ... Trinomial name Mustela putorius furo (Linnaeus, 1758) In general use, a ferret is a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo), a mammal first bred from the wild European polecat or steppe polecat at least 2,500 years ago. ... Binomial name Fennecus zerda (Zimmermann, 1780) The Fennec is a small fox found in the Sahara Desert of North Africa (excluding the coast) which have distinctive oversized ears. ... Genera Atelerix Erinaceus Hemiechinus Mesechinus This article is about the spiny mammal. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Binomial name Vicugna pacos (Linnaeus, 1758) The Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is a domesticated breed of South American camel-like ungulates, derived from the wild vicuña. ... Species Sus barbatus Sus bucculentus Sus cebifrons Sus celebensis Sus domesticus Sus heureni Sus philippensis Sus salvanius Sus scrofa Sus timoriensis Sus verrucosus Pigs are ungulates native to Eurasia collectively grouped under the genus Sus within the Suidae family. ... For other uses, see Monkey (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...

Birds

Binomial name Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) The Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus, nicknamed budgie), the only species in the Australian genus Melopsittacus, is a small parrot belonging to the tribe Melopsittacini in the subfamily of the broad-tailed parrots (Platycercinae). ... A parakeet is one of several parrot species. ... Subfamily Microglossinae Calyptorhynchinae Cacatuinae Nymphicinae A cockatoo is any of the 21 bird species belonging to the family Cacatuidae. ... Genera Ara Anodorhynchus Cyanopsitta Propyrrhura Orthopsittaca Diopsittaca Macaws are large colorful New World parrots, classified into six of the many Psittacidae genera: Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Propyrrhura, Orthopsittaca, and Diopsittaca. ... Families Parrots or Psittacines (order Psittaciformes) includes about 353 species of bird which are generally grouped into two families: the Cacatuidae or cockatoos, and the Psittacidae or true parrots. ... Binomial name Serinus canaria (Linnaeus, 1758) The Canary (Serinus canaria) sometimes called the Island Canary, Wild Canary or Atlantic Canary is a small songbird which is a member of the finch family. ... Genera Many, see text Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, the many species of which are found chiefly in the northern hemisphere, but also to a limited extent in Africa and South America. ... Subfamily Columbinae Otidiphabinae Gourinae Didunculinae Treroninae Pigeon beside Weiming Lake, Peking University (2002) The doves are the 308 species of near passerine birds in the order Columbiformes. ... Binomial name Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr, 1792) The Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) is the only species in its genus Nymphicus as well as of its subfamily Nymphicinae. ... // Subfamilies Dendrocygninae Oxyurinae Anatinae Merginae For other uses, see Duck (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Reptiles

Genera Chersina Dipsochelys Furculachelys Geochelone Gopherus Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria Psammobates Pyxis Testudo A tortoise is a land-dwelling reptile of the order Testudines. ... Families Many, see text. ... Species Lesser Antillean Iguana, Green Iguana, Although iguana can refer to other members of the lizard family Iguanidae, this article concerns members of the genus Iguana. ... Superfamilies and Families Henophidia Aniliidae Anomochilidae Boidae Bolyeriidae Cylindrophiidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Uropeltidae Xenopeltidae Typhlopoidea Anomalepididae Leptotyphlopidae Typhlopidae Xenophidia Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Colubridae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Snakes (from Old English snaca, and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base snag- or sneg-, to crawl), also known as ophidians, are cold blooded... Suborders Cryptodira Pleurodira See text for families. ... Suborders Eusuchia Protosuchia † Mesosuchia † Sebecosuchia † Thalattosuchia † Crocodilia is an order of large reptiles that appeared about 220 million years ago. ... Species Alligator mississippiensis Alligator sinensis An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. ... Genera Mecistops Crocodylus Osteolaemus See full taxonomy. ... Genera Alligator Caiman Melanosuchus Paleosuchus Alligators and caimans are reptiles closely related to the crocodiles and forming the family Alligatoridae (sometimes regarded instead as the subfamily Alligatorinae). ... Binomial name Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) Taxonomy The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is the only surviving member of the family Gavialidae, a long-established group of crocodile-like reptiles with long, narrow jaws. ...

Amphibians

Distribution of frogs (in black) Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia - List of Anuran families The frog is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning tail-less from Greek an-, without + oura, tail). ... The true toads are amphibians in the Bufonidae family. ... Suborders Cryptobranchoidea Salamandroidea Sirenoidea Salamander is the common name applied to approximately 500 amphibian vertebrates with slender bodies, short legs, and long tails (order Caudata or Urodela). ... This article is about the animal called newt. ...

Fish

Further information: Fishkeeping

A freshwater aquarium. ...

Arthropods

A praying mantis, or praying mantid, is the common colloquial name for an insect of the order Mantodea. ... Subfamilies Aenictinae Aenictogitoninae Aneuretinae Apomyrminae Cerapachyinae Dolichoderinae Dorylinae Ecitoninae Formicinae Leptanillinae Leptanilloidinae Myrmeciinae Myrmicinae Nothomyrmeciinae Ponerinae Pseudomyrmecinae Ants are one of the most successful groups of insects in the animal kingdom. ... Subfamilies See text Crickets, family Gryllidae (also known as true crickets), are insects somewhat related to grasshoppers and more closely related to katydids or bush crickets (order Orthoptera). ... Diversity 113 genera, 897 species Genera Subfamily Acanthopelminae    Acanthopelma Subfamily Aviculariinae    Avicularia    Ephobopus    Pachistopelma    Tapinauchenius Subfamily Eumenophorinae    Anoploscelus    Batesiella    Citharischius    Encyocrates    Eumenophorus    Hysterocrates    Loxomphalia    Loxoptygus    Monocentropus    Myostola    Phoneyusa    Polyspina Subfamily Harpactirinae    Ceratogyrus    Coelogenium    Eucratoscelus    Harpactira    Pterinochilus Subfamily Ischnocolinae    Chaetopelma    Cratorrhagus    Heterothele    Ischnocolus    Nesiergus    Plesiophrictus/Neoplesiophrictus Subfamily Ornithoctoninae    Citharognathus    Cyriopagopus    Haplopelma... Binomial name Pandinus imperator (Koch, 1841) The emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator) is a species of scorpion native to Africa. ... Subclasses Helminthomorpha Penicillata Pentazonia Millipedes or millepedes (Class Diplopoda, previously also known as Chilognatha) are very elongated arthropods with cylindrical bodies that have two pairs of legs for each one of their 20 to 100 or more body segments (except for the first segment behind the head which does not... Climbers on Valkyrie at the Roaches in Staffordshire. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hermit crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infra-order Paguroidea, distinct from the true crabs in the infra-order Brachyura. ...

Mollusks

See also: Aquarium
See also: Aquarium

Families 14 in two suborders, see text. ... For other uses, see Aquarium (disambiguation). ... Families Sepiadariidae Sepiidae Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida belonging to the Cephalopoda class (which also include squids, octopuses and nautilus). ... For other uses, see Aquarium (disambiguation). ... The name snail applies to most members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells. ...

Rocks

Pet Rock promotional image, late 70s. ... Live rock is rock taken from the ocean which is usually encrusted with Coralline and inhabited by marine organisms. ... Salt water may refer to: Saltwater, the name of a single released by UK electronic musician Chicane For information on water from a sea or ocean, see sea water For information on the concept of saltiness of a body of water, see salinity For information on salt water aquariums, see... Aquarium is also the name of the Russian band, which is also spelled Akvarium A 335,000 gallon (1. ...

See also

An animal hoarder is a person who keeps large numbers, sometimes hundreds, of animals, usually domestic pets like cats and dogs. ... A digital pet, also known as a virtual pet, is a type of artificial human companion. ... The term human bond, or more generally human bonding, refers to the process or formation of a close personal relationship, as between a mother and child, especially through frequent or constant association. ... A novelty pet, or exotic pet is an unusual animal kept as a pet, sometimes for the express purpose of having an unusual or unique pet. ... Edgar & Ellen is a book series by Charles Ogden based on the mischief of the twins, Edgar and Ellen. ... On October 1, 2001, EU and other countries introduced the option for domestic animal owners to apply for Pet passports, PETS for short, but also known as Pets Travel Scheme for pets returning from abroad to the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of pets belonging to various US Presidents and their families, while serving their term(s) in office. ... Animal husbandry is for economic reasons Animal keeping (animals in captivity) is used as a generalizing term to describe the care and captivity of either domesticated animals (livestock and pets) or wild animals. ... A pet sitter is an individual that makes visits to your home to look after your pets while you are either travelling on vacation or working during the day. ... The Pet Network is a Canadian category 2 digital cable television channel dedicated to pets and pet owners and lovers. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

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Petfinder.com: Adopt a pet and help an animal shelter rescue a puppy or kitten. (540 words)
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The pet adoption experience at different types of shelters can be vastly different, so take the time to visit the home page of your local groups to see which you might enjoy working with most.
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