The Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado or PIDE (literally, International and State Defense Police), was the main tool of repression used by the Portuguese Fascist regime, the Estado Novo. A repressed memory, according to some theories of psychology, a memory (often traumatic) of an event or environment which is stored by the unconscious mind but outside the awareness of the conscious mind. ... Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, refers to the right-wing authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... There have been two regimes known as Estado Novo (meaning New State): Estado Novo (Brazil) Estado Novo (Portugal) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Although the name PIDE was only used from 1945 to 1969, the whole network of secret polices using during the 40 years of the Regime are commonly known as PIDE in much the same way the the Soviet Union's different secret polices are commonly referred to as "The KGB". 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... A secret police (sometimes political police) force is a police organization that operates in secret to enforce state security. ... The Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti  listen, or KGB, (Russian: Комите́т Госуда́рственной Безопа́сности; English: Committee for State Security), was the name of the main Soviet Security Agency and intelligence agency, as well as the main secret police agency from March 13, 1954 to November 6, 1991. ...

The PVDE

The origins if the PIDE trace back to 1933, year of the instauration of the Estado Novo. Under direct orders from Salazar himself, the PVDE (Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado, English: State Defense and Vigilance Police) was created, with 2 main sections: 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Antonio Salazar on July 22, 1946 issue of Time Magazine António de Oliveira Salazar ( April 28, 1889— July 27, 1970) was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, noted for the dictatorial nature of his government. ...

• Social and Political Defense section, which was used to prevent and repress crimes of political and social nature (see: Censorship)

• International Section, which was used to control the entrance of immigrants, to expel undesired immigrants and to take care of counter-espionage and/or international espionage

In 1936, the Prison of Tarrafal was created in the Portuguese colony of Cape Verde. This prison, under direct control of the PVDE, was the destiny of those political prisoners considered dangerous by the regime. Throughout the more than 40 years of the Estado Novo, 32 people lost their lives in the Tarrafal, which was known for its severe methods of torture. Censorship is the systematic use of group power to broadly control freedom of speech and expression, largely in regard to secretive matters. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Counter-intelligence ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... There are parishes that have the name Tarrafal in Cape Verde: Tarrafal, a parish in the island of Santiago Island Tarrafal, a parish in the island of São Nicolau Related Tarrafal de Monte Trigo, a parish in the island of Santo Antão This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distinct state (or city, in ancient times). ... A political prisoner is anyone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image either challenge or pose a real or potential threat to the state. ... Aspects of torture Incrimination of innocent people One well documented effect of torture is that with rare exceptions people will say or do anything to escape the situation, including untrue confessions and implication of others without genuine knowledge, who may well then be tortured in turn. ...

Also in 1936 with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War and in 1937 with the attempt against Salazar's life, the PVDE started focusing in its battle against Communism and the underground Portuguese Communist Party. During this pre-World War II period, several Italian and German advisors came to Portugal, to help the PVDE to adopt a model similar to the Gestapo. 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alternative meaning: Spanish Civil War, 1820-1823 A republican soldier seeks cover on the Plaza de Toros in Teruel, east of Madrid. ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system. ... PCPs official symbol, featuring the hammer and sickle and the Portuguese national colors, red and green. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Gestapo is a portmanteau contraction of the name of the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, Geheime Staatspolizei, (German for secret state police). During the reign of Nazi Germany, the Gestapo was the central intelligence agency of Germany, under the overall administration of the SS. It was administrated by...

During World War II, the PVDE knew its most intense period of activity. Lisbon was the European centre of espionage and one of the favourite exile destinies. Writers such as Ian Fleming (the creator of James Bond) and other famous personalities such as the Duke of Windsor or the Spanish Royal Family were exiled in Lisbon. German spies attempted to buy information on trans-Atlantic shipping to help their submarines fight the Battle of the Atlantic. The Spaniard Juan Pujol Garcia, better known as Codename Garbo, passed on misinformation to the Germans, hoping it would hasten the end of the Franco regime - he was recruited by Britain as a double agent while in Lisbon. Conversely, William Colepaugh, an American traitor, was recruited as an agent by the Germans while his ship was in port in Lisbon - he was subsequently landed by U-boat U-1230 in Maine before being captured. In June 1943, a commercial airliner carrying the actor Leslie Howard was shot down over the Bay of Biscay by the Luftwaffe after taking off from Lisbon, possibly because German spies in Lisbon believed that Prime Minister Winston Churchill was on board. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Lisbon (in Portuguese, Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Spy and secret agent redirect here; for alternate use, see Spy (disambiguation) and Secret agent (disambiguation). ... See Exile (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Ian Fleming Ian Lancaster Fleming (May 28, 1908–August 12, 1964) is the British author, best remembered for writing the James Bond series of novels. ... James Bond, also known as 007 (double-oh seven), is a sophisticated fictional character and British spy created by writer Ian Fleming. ... King Edward VIII King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, King of Ireland Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VIII, (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David), later His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor (23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was the second British monarch of the House... The Spanish monarchy, referred to as the Crown of Spain (Corona de España) in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, is the office of the King or Queen of Spain. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... For the internet phenomenon of involvement with fictional romance, see Shipping (fandom). ... USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Battle of the Atlantic can refer to either of two naval campaigns, depending on context: World War I - First Battle of the Atlantic World War II - Second Battle of the Atlantic A Third Battle of the Atlantic was envisioned to be be part of any Third World War that arose... Garbo was the British codename of Juan Pujol Garcia, (1912 – 1988), a Spaniard who was taken on by the Germans during World War II to spy on the British, after an initial overture to British intelligence had been rejected. ... Francisco Franco, late in life Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. ... A double agent pretends to spy on a target organization on behalf of a controlling organization, but in fact is loyal to the target organization. ... William Curtis Colepaugh was an American traitor of World War II who, following his 1943 discharge from the US Naval Reserve (for the good of the service, according to official reports), defected to Nazi Germany in 1944. ... In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to ones nation. ... Spy and secret agent redirect here; for alternate use, see Spy (disambiguation) and Secret agent (disambiguation). ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Unterseeboot 1230 (U-1230) was a German Type IXC/40 U-boat of World War Two. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th)  - Land 80,005 km²  - Water 11,724 km² (13. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... An airliner of Air Jamaica, the Airbus A340 An airliner is a type of aircraft initially designed for the transport of paying passengers. ... Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... Leslie Howard (April 3, 1893 – June 1, 1943) was a British film actor of Hungarian-Jewish descent. ... The Bay of Biscay (French: Golfe de Gascogne; Spanish: Mar Cantábrico) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean. ... The Luftwaffe (literally, air weapon, pronounced looft-vaaf-feh) is the air force of Germany. ... In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising many of the executive functions nominally vested in the Sovereign, who is head of state. ... The Right Honourable Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG, OM, CH, PC, FRS (November 30, 1874 – January 24, 1965) was a British statesman, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. At various times an author, soldier, journalist, and politician, Churchill is generally regarded as...

Several American reports called Lisbon "The Capital of Espionage". However, the PVDE always maintained a neutral stance towards foreign espionage activity, as long as no one intervened in the Portuguese internal policies.

The PIDE

In 1945, the PVDE was dissolved and replaced by the PIDE. Unlike the PVDE, which sought inspiration in the Gestapo, the PIDE followed the Scotland Yard model. As a section of the Policia Judiciária (Investigation Police), the PIDE had full powers to investigate, detain and arrest anyone who was thought to plot against the State. The PIDE had two main functions: 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alternative meanings: Scotland Yard (band), Scotland Yard board game New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, often referred to as simply Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ... This article is about the South Carolina newspaper; The State is also the name of a 1990s television series. ...

• Administrative functions (which included functions related to the migration services)

• Criminal Repression functions

To many authors, the PIDE is considered as being one of the most functional and effective secret services in history. Using a wide network of covert cells, which were spread throughout Portugal and its overseas territories, the PIDE had infiltrated agents in almost every underground movement, such as the Portuguese Communist Party or other Independentist Movements acting in Angola or Mozambique. The PIDE encouraged citizens to denounce suspicious activities, through monetary and prestige prizes. This resulted in an extremely effective espionage service which was able to fully control almost every aspect of the Portuguese daily life. Thousands of Portuguese were arrested and tortured in the PIDE prisons. Common stereotype of a criminal A crime in a broad sense is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... The United States Secret Service is a United States federal government law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security (prior to the founding of that department in 2002, it was under the United States Department of the Treasury). ... A covert cell structure is a method for organizing undercover or unconventional fighters against a large and well-established organization. ...

The PIDE intensified its actions during the Portuguese Colonial War. The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde), or PAIGC, was an organisation founed in Guinea-Bissau) by the Marxist Amílcar Cabral in 1956, with the aim of achieving independence for Cape Verde and Portuguese...

The DGS

In 1969, Marcello Caetano renamed the PIDE to DGS (Direcção Geral de Segurança). The death of Salazar and the ascension of Caetano brought some attempts of democratization, in order to avoid popular insurgences against the censorship. This resulted in a decrease of the violence used by the PIDE and a consequent reduction of effectiveness. 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Marcelo Caetano also spelled Marcello Caetano (August 17, 1906- October 26, 1980) was a Portuguese politician. ... Democratization is the transition from authoritarian or semi-authoritarian systems to democratic political systems, where democratic systems are taken to be those approximating to universal suffrage, regular free and fair elections, a civil society, the rule of law, and an independent judiciary. ... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... Censorship is the systematic use of group power to broadly control freedom of speech and expression, largely in regard to secretive matters. ... Violence is a general term to describe actions, usually deliberate, that cause or intend to cause injury to people, animals, or non-living objects. ...