NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Padua Botanical Garden

The Botanical Garden of Padua (Orto Botanico di Padova) is the world's oldest academic botanical garden that is still in its original location. (Officially, the oldest university botanical garden is the Botanical Garden of Pisa, which was founded in 1544; however, that garden was relocated twice and has only occupied its current, and now-permanent, location since 1591.) It is located in Padua, Italy and was founded in 1545. The garden, affiliated with the University of Padua, currently covers roughly 22,000 square meters, and is known for its special collections and historical design. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1089x721, 623 KB) Oggetto Padua Botanical Garden (Italian Orto Botanico di Padova), also known as Garden of the Simples (Orto dei Semplici). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1089x721, 623 KB) Oggetto Padua Botanical Garden (Italian Orto Botanico di Padova), also known as Garden of the Simples (Orto dei Semplici). ... Inside the United States Botanic Garden Inside the Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden (Brazil), 1890 Botanical gardens (in Latin, hortus botanicus) grow a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes, but also for the enjoyment and education of visitors, a consideration that has become essential to... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... Events June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau. ... Tronco Maestro Riviera: a pedestrian walk along a section of the inland waterway or naviglio interno of Padua. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Gymnasivm Patavinum: The Universitys main Bo palace shown in a 1654 woodcut The University of Padua (UniversitÃ degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is one of the most well-renowned universities in Italy. ...

Historical overview

The Garden at Padova was founded upon deliberation of the Senate of the Venetian Republic. It was devoted to the growth of medicinal plants, the so-called "simple plants" (Orto dei semplici) which produced natural remedies, and also to help students distinguish legitimate medicinal plants from false ones. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 355 KB) Summary Picture of the Padua Universitys Botanical Garden, taken on 4/8/2006 by Giovanni Iachello. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 355 KB) Summary Picture of the Padua Universitys Botanical Garden, taken on 4/8/2006 by Giovanni Iachello. ... The Most Serene Republic of Venice (Venetian: SerenÃ¬sima RepÃ¹blica VÃ¨neta; Italian: ) was a Venetian city-state in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ...

A circular wall enclosure was built to protect the garden from the frequent night thefts which occurred in spite of severe penalties (fines, prison, exile). The Botanical Garden was steadily enriched with plants from all over the world, particularly from the countries that participated in trade with Venice. Consequently, Padua had a leading role in the introduction and study of many exotic plants, and a herbarium, a library and many laboratories were gradually added to its Botanical Garden. In Botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plants or plant parts, mainly in a dried form. ...

At present, the Botanical Garden allows for intensive didactic activity as well as important research to be conducted on its grounds. It also cares for the preservation of many rare species. In 1997, it was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site on the following grounds: UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Site #86: Memphis and its Necropolis, including the Pyramids of Giza (Egypt). ...

Architecture

The design of the Botanical Garden is commonly attributed to Andrea Moroni, who created some of the most important public monuments in Padua, such as the Basilica of Santa Giustina in Prato della Valle, the town hall and the university in the first half of the sixteenth century. However, the real architect was Daniele Barbaro, a Venetian nobleman who was a man of vast learning and translator of Vitruvius' De Architectura. He followed the example of the medieval Horti Conclusi, (enclosed gardens), marking the architecture by a perfect pattern of a square within a circle, divided into four parts by two paths oriented according to the cardinal points. The Botanical Garden was inaugurated in 1545, and used as a teaching facility by the University of Padua in the following year. Padova - Prato della Valle - Engraving by F. Piranesi (circa 1785) Prato della Valle is a 90,000 square meter elliptical square in Padova, Italy. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Daniele Barbaro (Daniele Matteo Alvise Barbaro; Barbarigo, Barberigo: the -igo suffix is typically Venetian; 1513-70) was an Italian translator of, and commentator on, Vitruvius. ... Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman writer, architect and engineer, active in the 1st century BC. He was the author of De architectura, known today as The Ten Books of Architecture, a treatise in Latin on architecture, and perhaps the first work about this discipline. ... Cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four principal directions or points of the compass, north, east, south and west. ... Gymnasivm Patavinum: The Universitys main Bo palace shown in a 1654 woodcut The University of Padua (UniversitÃ degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is one of the most well-renowned universities in Italy. ...

The current appearance of the principal palace dates back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. By the end of the sixteenth century, the garden was enriched with many fountains fed by a gigantic wheel hydrophore, to ensure proper irrigation. In 1704, four gates and gateways were built with huge embellished acroterions (ornaments) in red stone, decorated with plants made of wrought iron. During the first half of the eighteenth century, the wall was refined along the external perimeter by a balustrade made of Istria Stone on which vases and half-length portraits of important persons were placed. A statue of Theophrastus was built beside the south door, as well as a statue of Solomon, (signed by Antonio Bonazza), local point for the east door and the four seasons fountain, which was enriched with eighteenth century portraits made of Carrara marble. In the first half of the nineteenth century, greenhouses and a botanic theatre were built and half-length portraits of eminent botanists such as Carl Linnaeus were placed on the cornice. One of the greenhouses still maintains these historic arches and small cast-iron columns. An acroterion or acroterium is an ornament placed on a plinth or acroter at the apex of the pediment of a building in the Classical style. ... Stairs, staircase, stairway, flight of stairs are all names for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. ... Statue of Theophrastus Theophrastus, a native of Eressos in Lesbos born c. ... Solomon (Hebrew, Shlomo from Shalom for peace, also Arabic as Suleiman or Sulyaman meaning peace) can mean any of the following: 1. ... Carrara is a city in the Massa Carrara province of Tuscany, Italy, famous for the white or blue_gray marble quarried there. ... A greenhouse in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...

In the garden there are also three sundials: a cubic one, a circular one and a cylindrical one. On the inside, four glacises are divided into collections of flower-beds. At the center, a pool of water for the aquatic plants is fed by a continuous jet of hot water which comes from a water-bearing stratum of earth located three-hundred meters below the level of the garden. Wall sundial Wall sundial in Warsaws Old Town A sundial measures time by the position of the sun. ... This article is about the geologic use of the term, for other uses see Stratum (disambiguation) Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it...

Trees

Until 1984, the Botanical Garden boasted a Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) that dated from at least 1550. At present, the oldest plant is a palm planted in 1585 called the "Goethe palm", because the poet referred to it in his essay "The Metamorphoses of Plants"; this tree is situated in a hothouse inside Ortus Sphearicus, where there is also a ginkgo and a magnolia dating back to the mid 1700’s, which are regarded as the oldest specimens in Europe. A gigantic plane tree in the outside Arboretum dates from 1680; it has a hollow trunk, owing to a lightning strike. In the Arboretum there is also a sectioned trunk of an elm tree, which died in 1991, with marked year rings. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 644 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Botanical Garden of Padova Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 644 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Botanical Garden of Padova Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... A greenhouse in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ... Binomial name Ginkgo biloba L. The Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), frequently misspelled as Gingko, and sometimes known as the Maidenhair Tree, is a unique tree with no close living relatives. ... Species See text. ... For the trees, in the ordinary colloquial sense of the word, that are called plane trees, see Platanus. ... An arboretum is a botanical garden primarily devoted to trees and other woody plants, forming a living collection of trees intended at least partly for scientific study. ...

Collections

Owing to a shortage of hothouses, the plants are mainly located outdoors. 6,000 types of plants are currently being cultivated and arranged according to taxonomic, utilitarian, ecological-environmental and historical standards. The systematic collection is concentrated in the four biggest central flowerbeds. Among the utilitarian collections, the medicinal plants are the most important. These are classified according to Engler taxonomy, based on the phylogenetic relationships among the families. Each plant is labelled with its scientific noun and its principal therapeutical properties. A poisonous plants collection has recently been set up with didactic aims: many of these poisonous plants are found also in the medicinal plants sector because in suitable quantities they can be used to treat illness and diseases. A phylogeny (or phylogenesis) is the origin and evolution of a set of organisms, usually of a species. ...

Habitats

See also

Abruzzo Botanical Garden of Aquila Calabria Botanical Garden of the University of Calabria Campania Botanical Garden of Napoles Emilia Romagna Botanical Garden of the University of Bologna Botanical Garden of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Botanical Garden of Parma Friuli-Venezia Giulia Botanical Garden of Trieste Botanical Garden...

Bibliography

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

World Heritage Sites in Italy

Aeolian Islands | Aquileia | Archaeological Area of Agrigento | Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata | Botanical Garden, Padua | Caserta Palace and Related Monuments | Castel del Monte | Cilento and Vallo di Diano with Paestum and Velia | Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena | Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan | Costiera Amalfitana | Crespi d'Adda | Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna | Etruscan Necropoli of Cerveteri and Tarquinia | Ferrara and its Po Delta | Florence | Franciscan Sites of Assisi | I Sassi di Matera | Val di Noto | Historic Centre of Naples | Piazza del Duomo, Pisa | Pienza | Portovenere, Cinque Terre and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) | Residences of the Royal House of Savoy | Rock Drawings in Valcamonica | Rome (w/ Holy See) | Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy | San Gimignano | Siena | Su Nuraxi di Barumini | Syracuse with Pantalica | Trulli of Alberobello | Urbino | Val d'Orcia | Venice and its Lagoon | Verona | Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto | Villa Adriana (Tivoli) | Villa d'Este, Tivoli | Villa Romana del Casale Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... The Aeolian Islands. ... Aquileia (Friulian Aquilee, Slovene Oglej), an ancient Roman town of Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 6 miles from the sea, on the river Natiso (mod. ... Agrigento (formerly Girgenti) is the name of a town on the southern coast of Italy, capital of the province of Agrigento. ... A computer-generated depiction of the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79 which buried Pompeii, from Discovery Channels Pompeii: The Last Day. ... Herculaneum (in modern Italian formerly Resina, but since 1969 Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town, located in the territory of the current commune of Ercolano, in the Italian region of Campania. ... Torre Annunziata, population 52,875 (1991), is a city in the province of Naples, region of Campania in Italy. ... The Botanical Garden of Padova (or Garden of the Simples) in a 16th century print; in the background, the Basilica of SantAntonio. ... View from the gardens on Caserta Caserta Palace, near Naples was certainly the largest palace and probably the largest building erected in Europe in the 18th century. ... Castel del Monte. ... Paestum overview Paestum is the classical Roman name of a major Graeco-Roman city in the Campania region of Italy. ... Velia is an ancient town of Lucania (present Basilicata), Italy, on the hill now crowned by the medieval castle of Castellainmare della Bruca, 440 ft. ... The Cathedrals faÃ§ade The Duomo (Cathedral) of Modena, in Italy, is one of the most outstanding Romanesque building of Europe and has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. ... Modena (MÃ²dna in Modenese dialect) is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Renaissance church in Milan built by Guiniforte Solari between 1466 and 1490 on a commission by Dominican monks. ... The Amalfi Coast The Amalfi Coast, or Costiera Amalfitana in Italian, is a stretch of coastline on the southern side of the Sorrentine Peninsula of Italy (Province of Salerno) extending from Positano in the west to Vietri sul Mare in the east. ... The Crespi factory Crespi dAdda is a worker village in Italy founded in the 19th century. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... A small town located approximately 60 miles N of Rome. ... Tarquinia, formerly Corneto and in Antiquity Tarquinii, is an ancient city in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. ... Ferrara is a city, an archiepiscopal see in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, capital city of the province of Ferrara. ... Founded 59 BC as Florentia Region Tuscany Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democratici di Sinistra) Area - City Proper 102 kmÂ² Population - City (2004) - Metropolitan - Density (city proper) 356,000 almost 500,000 3,453/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 43Â°47 N 11Â°15 E www. ... Crest of the township (comune) of Assisi Assisi (Latin: Asisium) is a town and episcopal see in Italy in Perugia province, Italy, in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Mt. ... A street corner in the ancient Sassi di Matera as it looks today. ... Val di Noto (English: Valley of Noto) is a geographical area of south east Sicily; it is dominated by the limestone Iblean plateau. ... Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan NÃ pule, from Greek ÎÎÎ± Î ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚ - NÃ©a PÃ³lis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples. ... Overview of the Campo dei Miracoli from above. ... The tower of Pienza in Tuscany, Italy Pienza is a comune of 2231 inhabitants in the province of Siena, Italy, the most famous site in the picturesque Val dOrcia. ... Portovenere is a village in Liguria, Italy located 12km from La Spezia. ... Monterosso Vernazza Corniglia Manarola Riomaggiore The Cinque Terre are five coastal villages in the province of La Spezia in Italy. ... Tino was a moderately successful Latino pop singer in the early 1980s. ... The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy is a World Heritage Site in the Province of Torino, Italy (1997), which includes the following patrimonies: Palazzo Carignano. ... Val Camonica is a valley in the lower Alpine regions of Lombardy, Italy. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus â€“ SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area - City Proper 1285 kmÂ² Population - City (2004) - Metropolitan - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... San Gimignano. ... Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... Nuraghe Losa from within looking skyward Su Nurraxi nuragic village, the central tower can be visited, it is more than 20 m high Su Nurraxi. ... Syracuse (Italian, Siracusa, ancient Syracusa - see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a city on the eastern coast of Sicily and the capital of the province of Syracuse, Italy. ... Trulli roofs from Alberobello. ... Alberobello is a small town in the province of Bari, in Puglia, Italy. ... Panorama of Urbino with the cathedral and the palazzo ducale Urbino is a city in the Marche in Italy, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site with a great cultural history during the Renaissance as the seat of Federico da Montefeltro. ... View of Venice to San Giorgio Maggiore island from St Marks Campanile. ... Map of Italy showing Verona in the north Verona (population est. ... Vicenza is a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region, at the northern base of the Monti Berici, straddling the Bacchiglione. ... City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto is a cluster of works by Andrea Palladio and his disciples which were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1994 and expanded two years later. ... The villas recreation of Canopus, a resort near Alexandria, as seen from the temple of Serapis Theatrical masks of Tragedy and Comedy in refined mosaic, from the villa (Capitoline Museum, Rome) The Villa of the Emperor Hadrian at Tivoli, Italy, even in ruined condition is one of the most... Park of the Villa dEste, Carl Blechen, 1830 The gardens at the Villa dEste The Villa dEste is a masterpiece of Italian architecture and garden design. ... The Villa Romana del Casale is an excavated Roman villa containing some of the best examples of Roman mosaics in their original settings in the world. ...

Contents

Historical overview var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};