Paionia (Romanized as Paeonia) was, in ancient geography, the land of the Paionians (or Paiones, Paeonians), the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. In the time of king Philip II of Macedon (Macedonia) (382 BC - 336 BC), King of Macedon (ruled 359 BC - 336 BC), was the father of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) and Philip III of Macedon. ...Philip II of Macedon, Paionia was located immediately north of ancient Macedon (aka. ...Macedon and south of Dardania (Dardania is modern-day Kosovo (disambiguation). ...Kosovo).

The Paionians are often regarded as descendants of the In antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian highlands, part of modern Turkey. ...Phrygians of Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ...Asia Minor, large numbers of whom in early times are believed to have crossed over to Europe. Yet according to the national legend (Herodotus v. 16), they were Teucrian colonists from Walls of the excavated city of Troy This article is about the city of Troy / Ilion as described in the works of Homer, and the location of an ancient city associated with it. ...Troy. For other uses, see Homer (disambiguation). ...Homer ( The Iliad is, with The Odyssey, one of the two major Greek epic poems traditionally attributed to Homer, a blind Ionian poet. ...Iliad, book II, line 848) speaks of Paionians from the The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south_eastern Europe. ...Axios fighting on the side of the Trojans, but the Iliad does not mention whether the Paionians were kin to the Trojans.

Before the reign of Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ...Darius Hystaspes, they had made their way as far east as Perinthus (Turkish Eski Eregli, old Heraclea) was an ancient town of Thrace, on the Propontis, 22 miles west of Selymbria, strongly situated on a small peninsula on the bay of that name. ...Perinthus in Thrace is a historical and geographic area in south_east Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, north_eastern Greece, and European Turkey. ...Thrace on the The Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara denizi, Modern Greek: Μαρμαρα̃ Θάλασσα or Προποντίδα) (also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea) is an inland sea that separates the Black Sea from the Aegean Sea (thus the Asian part of Turkey from its European part) by Bosporus and...Propontis. At one time all Mygdonia, together with Crestonia, was subject to them. When Xerxes (the Greek form of the Persian Khshayarsluf) is the name of two Persian kings of the Achaemenid dynasty: Xerxes I, reigned 485-465 BC Xerxes II, reigned 424 BC Xerxes was also an Armenian king, killed about 212 BC by Antiochus III the Great and of a son of...Xerxes crossed Categories: Greece geography stubs ...Chalcidice on his way to Therma (later renamed The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ...Thessalonica) he is said to have marched through Paionian territory. They occupied the entire valley of the Axios ( The Vardar (or Axios) is the principal river of the Macedonian region of south_eastern Europe. ...Vardar) as far inland as Stobi, the valleys to the east of it as far as the The Struma (Bulgarian: Струма, Greek: Strimonis, Turkish: Karasu (meaning black water in Turkish)) is a river in Bulgaria and Greece. ...Strymon (Struma), and the country round Astibus and the river of the same name, with the water of which they anointed their kings.

Categories: Stub ...Emathia, roughly the district between the Haliacmon and Axios, was once called Paionia; and Categories: Greece geography stubs ...Pieria and Pelagonia were inhabited by Paionians. In consequence of the growth of Macedonian power, and under pressure from their Thracian neighbors, their territory was considerably diminished, and in historical times was limited to the north of Macedonia from Illyria to the Strymon.

In early times, the chief town and seat of the Paionian kings was Bylazora (now Veles is a city in the center of the Republic of Macedonia on the Vardar river. ...Veles in the National motto: None Official languages Macedonian2 Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski Area  _ Total  _ % water Ranked 145th 25,713 km² 1. ...Republic of Macedonia) on the Axios; later the seat of the kings was moved to Stobi (now Pusto Gradsko).

The Paionians included several independent tribes, all later united under the rule of a single king. Little is known of their manners and customs. They adopted the cult of Bacchus by Caravaggio The god Dionysus is occasionally confused with one of several historical figures named Dionysius, a theophoric name that simply means [servant] of Dionysus. ...Dionysus, known amongst them as Dyalus or Dryalus, and Herodotus mentions that the The Thracians were an Indo_European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present_day Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, European Turkey, eastern Serbia and Macedonia). ...Thracian and Paionian women offered sacrifice to Queen This article is about the Greek goddess. ...Artemis (probably Bendis was a Thracian goddess of the moon whom the Greeks identified with Artemis, and hence with the other two aspects of the former Minoan Triple Goddess, Hecate and Persephone. ...Bendis).

They worshipped the sun in the form of a small round disk fixed on the top of a pole. A passage in Athenaeus (ca. ...Athenaeus (ix. p. 398) seems to indicate the affinity of their language with Mysian. They drank barley This article is about the drink; for the village in Devon, England, see Beer, Devon. ...beer and various decoctions made from plants and herbs.

The country was rich in General Name, Symbol, Number Gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6, d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m3, 2. ...gold and a Asphalt is a highly viscous liquid that occurs naturally in most crude petroleums. ...bituminous kind of wood (or stone, which burst into a blaze when in contact with water) called t_nrivoc (or ts,rivos).

The women were famous for their industry. In this connection Herodotus (v. I 2) tells the story that The name of three kings of ancient Persia: Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia. ...Darius, having seen at Sardis, (also Sardes) the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, the seat of a conventus under the Roman Empire, and the metropolis of the province Lydia in later Roman and Byzantine times, was situated in the middle Hermus valley, at the foot of Mt. ...Sardis a beautiful Paionian woman carrying a pitcher on her head, leading a horse to drink, and spinning Binomial name Linum usitatissimum L. Linnaeus, 17?? Common flax (also known as linseed) is a member of the Linaceae family, which includes about 150 plant species widely distributed around the world. ...flax, all at the same time, inquired who she was. Having been informed that she was a Paionian, he sent instructions to Megabyzus, commander in Thrace, to deport two tribes of the nation without delay to Asia.

At the time of the Persian invasion, the Paionians on the lower Strymon had lost, while those in the north maintained, their independence. They frequently made inroads into The huge equestrian statue of Alexander the Great, king of ancient Macedon, on the waterfront at Thessaloniki, capital of Greek Macedonia Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south_eastern Europe with an area of around 67,000 square kilometres and a population of 4. ...Macedonian territory, until they were finally subdued by Philip, who permitted them to retain their government by kings. The daughter of Audoleon, one of these kings, was the wife of Pyrrhus can be: Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, son of Achilles Pyrrhus of Epirus, king of Epirus in the 3rd century BC This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...Pyrrhus, king of Epirus (Greek Ήπειρος, Albanian Çamëria), a province in northwestern Greece (a Greek periphery) bounded by West Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, by the Ambracian Gulf and the province of West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and the Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the north. ...Epirus, and Bust of Alexander III in the British Museum. ...Alexander the Great wished to bestow the hand of his sister Cynane upon Langarus, who had shown himself loyal to Philip.

An inscription, discovered in 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...1877 at Olympia is an ancient city in Greece, in antiquity site of the Olympic Games. ...Olympia on the base of a statue, states that it was set up by the community of the Paionians in honor of their king and founder Dropion. Another king, whose name appears as Lyppeius on a fragment of an inscription found at The Acropolis in central Athens, one of the most important landmarks in world history. ...Athens relating to a treaty of alliance is no doubt identical with the Lycceius or Lycpeius of Paionian coins (see B. V. Head, Historia numorum, 1887, p. 207).

In 280 the Gallic invaders under Brennus ravaged the land of the Paionians, who, being further hard pressed by the The Dardani were an ancient Indo_European tribe that lived in Dardania and was likely of mixed Illyrian_Thracian descent. ...Dardani, had no alternative but to join the Macedonians, whose downfall they shared. After the Roman conquest, Paionia east and west of the Axios formed the second and third districts respectively of Macedonia (Livy xiv. 29). Under Diocletian Paionia and Pelagonia formed a province called Macedonia secunda or salutaris, belonging to the prefecture of This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ...Illyricum.

See also

• List of Paionian kings
• List of Paionian tribes
• Bylazora
• Stobi
• Agrianes
• Laeaeans
• Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ...Pannonia
• Macedon (aka. ...Macedon
• The Paleo_Balkan languages were the Indo_European languages which were spoken in the Balkans in ancient times: Dacian language Thracian language Illyrian language Paionian language Ancient Macedonian language The only remnant of them is Albanian, but it is still disputed which language was its ancestor. ...Paleo_Balkan languages

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.