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Encyclopedia > Pahlavi Literature
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Literature of Pahlavi

Pahlavi Literature is divided to three parts:


1. Pahlavi version (translation) of Avesta which is generally named as 'Zend-Avesta'.
2. Pahlavi texts on religious subjects
3. Pahlavi texts on non-religious subjects

1. Pahlavi translations of Avesta texts


It includes several major Pahlavi texts which are translation of Avetsa texts. It includes also some Afringan, Yasht and Niyayishn.


Some major Pahlavi books of this kind are:


1. Vendidad
2. Afringan-i Gahanbar
3. Yasna
4. Haptan Yasht
5. Nirangistan
6. Srosh Yasht Hadokht
7. Vishtasp Yasht
8. Sirozak I, II
9. Visperad
10. Frahang-i Oim-evak
11. Khurshet Nyayish
12. Ahuramazd Yasht
13. Aban Nyayish
14. Bahram Yasht
15. Afringan-i Dahman
16. Hadokht Nask
17. Afringan- Gatha
18. Aogemadaecha
19. Khurshet Yasht
20. Chitak avistak-i gasan
21. Mah Yasht
22. Ataxsh Nyayish
23. Vichirkart-i Denig
24. Afaringan Fravartigan
25. Mah Nyayish
Frahang-i Oim-evak is an old Avestan-Pahlavi dictionary. ...

2. Pahlavi texts on religious subjects


It includes several major Pahlavi texts about different zoroastrian religious subjects such as cosmogony, cosmology, eschatology, creation of the world, ceremonies, rituals, Andarz, Pandnamak, Patit etc.


Some major Pahlavi books of this kind are:


1. Denkard
2. Bundahishn
3. Datistan-i Denig
4. Rivayat accompanying
5. Selections of Zat-Sparam
6. Epistles of Manushchihr
7. Shikand-gumanic Vichar
8. Shayast ne-shayast
9. Dana-i Menog Khrat
10. 39. Arta-Viraf namak
11. Jamasp namak
12. Bahman yasht
13. Matigan-i Yosht-i Fryano
14. Matigan-i gujastak Abalish
15. Matigan-i mah Fravartin roz Khurdat
The Denkard is the largest encyclopedia of Zoroastrianism written in 9th century. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

3. Pahlavi texts on non-religious subjects


It includes several major Pahlavi texts which fall within the categories of Pahlavi glossaries, stories, poems, Geography etc.


Some major Pahlavi books of this kind are:


1. Matigan-i Hazar Datistan (Social code of the Parsis in Sasanian times)
2. Cities in the land of Iran
3. Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
4. Vizarishn- i Chatrang ud nahishn-i new Ardashir (invent of chess)
5. Yatkar-i Zariran
6. Drakht-i Asurig
7. Khusro-i Kavatan and his Page
8. Frahang-i Pahlavig
9. Wonders of the land of Sagastan
10. Forms of Epistles
Matigan-i Hazar Datistan This is the social code of the Parsis in Sasanian times. ... This is a list of cities in Iran. ... This book tells of the epic adventures of Ardashir, the founder of Sassanid dynasty. ... Vizarishn- i Chatrang ud nahishn-i new Ardashir This text is about import of chess game from India to Persia under the time of Khosrau I, and sending Nard from Persia to India as a reply. ... the languag this poen written was the language of the Iran in Ashkani era . ... Frahang-i Pahlavig Under Sassanid dynasty several Aramaic-speaker worked in the court as writer. ... Wonders of the land of Sagastan This is about wonders of Sistan (South-East) province in Iran. ...

We have to add several other Pahlavi books which are missed today and we are only aware of them through Arabic and Persian books where some information are written about them. Like 'Ayyatkar-i Anushirvan' which the Arabic translation could be found in 'Tajarob-al Omam' of 'Ibn-i Muskuye' or 'Khvatay Namak' that is missed completely.


External links

  • On Pahlavi literature (in Persian)
  • Pahlavi literature (in English)

To Be Continued By Author


  Results from FactBites:
 
Pahlavi - Wikipedia (584 words)
The Pahlavi script was used broadly in the Sasanid Persian Empire to write down Middle Persian for secular, as well as religious purposes.
The word Pahlavi, referring to the script of Middle Persian, itself is a borrowing from Parthian (parthau "Parthian" --> pahlaw; the semivowel glide r changes to l, a common occurrence in language evolution).
The third category of Pahlavi, Psalter script, was used to write down a Middle Persian translation of the Psalter, and it took advantage of some improvements such as the absence of heterograms and further distinguishment of letters.
Persian Literature, an English article (2563 words)
Pahlavi was used throughout the Sassanian period, though little now remains of what must once have been a considerable literature.
In India, Persian language and poetry became the vogue with the ruling classes, and at the court of the Moghul emperor Akbar Persian was adopted as the official language; spreading thence and fusing later with Hindi, it gave rise to the Urdu tongue.
Though existing fragments of Persian verse are believed to date from as early as the eighth century A.D., the history of Persian literature proper begins with the lesser dynasties of the ninth and tenth centuries that emerged with the decline of the Caliphate.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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