Paionia or Paeonia (in Greek Παιονία) was in ancient geography, the land of the Paeonians (Ancient Greek Παίονες), the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. In the time of king Philip II of Macedon, Paionia covered most of what is now the Republic of Macedonia, and was located immediately north of ancient Macedon (roughly corresponding to the modern Greek region of Macedonia) and south of Dardania (Europe) (roughly corresponding to modern-day Kosovo). In East was the the Odrysian kingdom of the Thracians, (roughly corresponding to modern-day Bulgaria) and in West the Illyrian kingdom, (roughly corresponding to modern-day Albania). Note: This article contains special characters. ... Philip II of Macedon: victory medal (niketerion) struck in Tarsus, 2nd c. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east[1... Dardania region Dardania was a region encompassing the area of the modern-day province under UN administration Kosovo, southern parts of Serbia, mostly, but not entirely, western parts of the Republic of Macedonia, and parts of north-eastern Albania. ... For uses of the name Kosova, see Kosova (disambiguation). ... The Odrysian kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes that endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. It consisted of present-day Bulgaria, spreading from Romania to northern Greece and Turkey. ... Thracian peltast, fifth to fourth century BC. Thracian Roman era heros (Sabazius) stele. ... Location of Illyria Illyria (Albanian Iliria Land of the Free; Ancient Greek ; Latin Illyria [1] (see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of todays Balkan Peninsula, founded by the tribes and clans of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages. ...

Paionians

Paionian tribes were considered to be both Illyrian and Thracian and the ancient writer, Herodotus, even compared the Paionians to the Thracians as a rude and barbaric people. Several eastern Paionian tribes including the Agrianes, clearly fell within the Thracian sphere of influence.The Paionians are sometimes regarded as descendants of the Phrygians of Asia Minor, large numbers of whom in early times are believed to have crossed over to Europe. Yet according to the national legend (Herodotus v. 13), they were Teucrian colonists from Troy. Homer (Iliad, book II, line 848) speaks of Paionians from the Axios fighting on the side of the Trojans, but the Iliad does not mention whether the Paionians were kin to the Trojans. Homer gives the Paionian leader as a certain Pyraechmes (parentage unknown); but later on in the Iliad Homer mentions a second leader, named Asteropaeus, son of Pelagon. This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ... The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Thracian peltast, fifth to fourth century BC. Thracian Roman era heros (Sabazius) stele. ... The Agrianes were an ancient warrior-tribe who occupied, for a time, the territory north of the Thracian Maedi. ... Location of Phrygia - traditional region (yellow) - expanded kingdom (orange line) In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: ) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian Highland, part of modern Turkey. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Troy or Ilion, see Troy (disambiguation) and Ilion (disambiguation). ... Homer (Greek: , ) was an early Greek poet and aoidos (rhapsode) traditionally credited with the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey. ... It has been suggested that Deception of Zeus be merged into this article or section. ... Vardar in Skopje Axios redirects here. ... Walls of the excavated city of Troy (Turkey) Troy (Greek Τροία Troia also Ἰλιον; Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city, scene of the Trojan War, part of which is described in Homers Iliad, an epic poem in Ancient Greek, composed in the 8th or 7th century BC, but containing older... Homer (Greek: , ) was an early Greek poet and aoidos (rhapsode) traditionally credited with the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey. ... Pyraechmes was, along with Asteropaeus, a leader of the Paeonians in the Trojan War. ... In the Iliad Asteropaios (Latin: Asteropaeus) was the leader of the Paionians along with Pyraichmes, the Paionians were Trojan allies. ... There are two figures named Pelagon in Greek mythology. ...

Before the reign of Darius Hystaspes, they had made their way as far east as Perinthus in Thrace on the Propontis. At one time all Mygdonia, together with Crestonia, was subject to them. When Xerxes crossed Chalcidice on his way to Therma (later renamed Thessalonica) he is said to have marched through Paionian territory. They occupied the entire valley of the Axios (Vardar) as far inland as Stobi, the valleys to the east of it as far as the Strymon and the country round Astibus and the river of the same name, with the water of which they anointed their kings. Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ... Perinthus (Turkish Eski Eregli, old Heraclea) was an ancient town of Thrace, on the Propontis, 22 miles west of Selymbria, strongly situated on a small peninsula on the bay of that name. ... Thraciae veteris typvs. ... The Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara denizi, Modern Greek: Μαρμαρα̃ Θάλασσα or Προποντίδα) (also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea) is an inland sea... Mygdonia was an ancient territory, later conquered by Macedon, which comprised the plains around Therma (Thessalonica) together with the valleys of Klisali and Besikia, including the area of the Axios river mouth and extending as far east as Lake Bolbe. ... Crestonia (Crestonice) was an ancient region immediately north of Mygdonia. ... Definition = I ♥ E.B.Desciption = Frekles, skinny, and niceFacts = She goes to a middle school in PA, with red lockers Xerxes I, reigned 485–465 BC,also known as Xerxes the Great. ... Chalkidikí or Chalcidice (in Greek: Χαλκιδική, alternative romanizations Khalkidhikí) is one of the fifty-one prefectures of Greece. ... Therma (Therme) was a town in ancient Mygdonia (which was later incorporated into Macedon), situated at the northeastern extremity of a great gulf of the Aegean Sea, the Thermaic Gulf. ... The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ... Vardar in Skopje Axios redirects here. ... Stobi was an ancient town of Paionia, later conquered by Macedon, and later still incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris (now in the Republic of Macedonia). ... The Struma (Bulgarian: Струма, Greek: Strimonis, Turkish: Karasu (meaning black water in Turkish)) is a river in Bulgaria and Greece. ...

Emathia, roughly the district between the Haliacmon and Axios, was once called Paionia; and Pieria and Pelagonia were inhabited by Paionians. In consequence of the growth of Macedonian power, and under pressure from their Thracian neighbors, their territory was considerably diminished, and in historical times was limited to the north of Macedonia from Illyria to the Strymon. Imathia (Greek: Ημαθία) is one of the fifty-one prefectures of Greece. ... Map showing location of the Haliacmon The Haliacmon (Attic Haliákmōn, Ionic Aliákmōn, modern Greek Αλιάκμονας Aliákmonas, South Slavic Бистрица Bistritsa, Turkish İnce Karasu) is the longest river in Greece, with a total length of 322 km (200 miles). ... Pieria (Πιερία) is one of the fifty-one prefectures of Greece. ... Pelagonia was an ancient region of Europe later incorporated into Macedon. ...

Paionian kingdom

In early times, the chief town and seat of the Paionian kings was Bylazora (now Veles in the Republic of Macedonia) on the Axios; later the seat of the kings was moved to Stobi (now Pusto Gradsko). Bylazora was a city of the Paionians, situated along the banks of the Axios (now the Vardar) river in ancient Paionia (the region is now part of the Republic of Macedonia). ... Veles is a city in the center of the Republic of Macedonia on the Vardar river. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ... Stobi was an ancient town of Paionia, later conquered by Macedon, and later still incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris (now in the Republic of Macedonia). ...

At some point thereafter, the Paionian princedoms colalesced into a kingdom centered in the central and upper reaches of the Vardar and Struma rivers. They joined with the Illyrians in resisting the northward expansion of the Macedonian state. In 360-359 AD, southern Paionian tribes were launching raids into Macedon(Diodorus XVI. 2.5) in support of an Illyrian invasion. Vardar in Skopje Axios redirects here. ... Struma was a ship chartered to carry Jewish refugees from Romania to British-controlled Palestine. ... Macedons regions and towns Macedon or Macedonia (from Greek ; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of an ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece, bordering the kingdom of Epirus on the west and the region of Thrace to the east[1... Diodorus Siculus was a Greek historian, born at Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira, in the province of Enna). ... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ...

Macedon was throne into a state of uncertainty by the death of Perdiccas, but Philip II of Macedon assumed the throne, reformed the army (providing his Greek-style phalanx with the long sarissa), and proceeded to stop both the Illyrian invasion and the Paionian raids. He followed his success in 358 BC with a campaign deep into Paionia, which reduced that kingdom (then ruled by Agis) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status. Perdiccas (d. ... Philip II of Macedon: victory medal (niketerion) struck in Tarsus, 2nd c. ... This article is about an ancient civilization in southeastern Europe; see also Illyria (software), Illyria (character in the TV series Angel). ... Agis, the name of four kings of Sparta:-- Son of Eurysthenes, founder of the royal house of the Agiadae (Pausanias iii. ...

At the time of the Persian invasion, the Paionians on the lower Strymon had lost, while those in the north maintained, their independence. The daughter of Audoleon, one of these kings, was the wife of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, and Alexander the Great wished to bestow the hand of his sister Cynane upon Langarus, who had shown himself loyal to Philip II. Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pyrrhus of Epirus Pyrrhus (318-272 BC) (Greek: Πύρρος), king of the Molossians (from ca. ... Epirus (Greek Ήπειρος, Ípiros) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ... Cynane (in Greek Kυνανη or Kυνα; killed 323 BC) was half-sister to Alexander the Great, and daughter of Philip II by Audata, an Illyrian woman. ... Langarus (died 335 BC), king of the Agrianians, was a contemporary of Alexander the Great (336–323 BC), with whom he ingratiated himself even before the death of Philip II, previous king of Macedon. ...

A native dynasty, however, continued through the reigns of Lycceius (359-340 BC), Patraus (340-315 BC), Audoleon (315 -286 BC), Ariston (286 - 285 BC), Leon (278-250 BC) and Dropion (250-230 BC), Eupolemenos (? - ? BC), Bastareus (? - ? BC). Ariston (Αριστων) was a king of Sparta, 14th of the Eurypontids, son of Agesicles, contemporary of Anaxandrides. ... Leon or Léon or León may refer to: // Léon, Landes, a commune of the Landes département, France Léon (viscounty), Brittany, France Léon (diocese), Brittany, France León, Guanajuato León, Nicaragua León Department Leon, Iloilo León, Spain, city and capital of the...

Culture

The Paionians included several independent tribes, all later united under the rule of a single king. Little is known of their manners and customs. They adopted the cult of Dionysus, known amongst them as Dyalus or Dryalus, and Herodotus mentions that the Thracian and Paionian women offered sacrifice to Queen Artemis (probably Bendis). The Paionian tribes were, in alphabetic order: Aestraei Agrianes Derrones Doberes Laiaious Odomantoi (Odomanti, Odomantians; sometimes called a Thracian tribe) Paioplai (Paeoplians) Siriopaiones (Siriopaionians, Siriopaeonians, Siropaionians, etc. ... Dionysus with a leopard, satyr and grapes on a vine, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (from the Ancient Greek Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος, associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficial influences. ... The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) In Greek mythology, Artemis (Greek: (nominative) , (genitive) ) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. ... Bendis was a Thracian goddess of the hunt whom the Greeks identified with Artemis, and hence with the other two aspects of the former Minoan Triple Goddess, Hecate and Persephone. ...

They worshipped the sun in the form of a small round disk fixed on the top of a pole. A passage in Athenaeus seems to indicate the affinity of their language with Mysian. They drank barley beer and various decoctions made from plants and herbs. The country was rich in gold and a bituminous kind of wood (or stone, which burst into a blaze when in contact with water) called tanrivoc (or tsarivos). Athenaeus (ca. ... The Mysians (Latin Mysi) were the inhabitants of Mysia, a region in northwest Asia Minor. ... Beer in the glass Schlenkerla Rauchbier direct from the cask Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Asphalt is a highly viscous liquid that occurs naturally in most crude petroleums. ...

The women were famous for their industry. In this connection Herodotus (v. 12) tells the story that Darius, having seen at Sardis a beautiful Paionian woman carrying a pitcher on her head, leading a horse to drink, and spinning flax, all at the same time, inquired who she was. Having been informed that she was a Paionian, he sent instructions to Megabazus, commander in Thrace, to deport two tribes of the nation without delay to Asia. Darius the Great (ca. ... A recent view of the ceremonial court of the thermae–gymnasium complex in Sardis, dated to 211—212 AD Sardis, also Sardes (Lydian: Sfard, Greek: Σάρδεις, Persian: Sparda), modern Sart in the Manisa province of Turkey, was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, the seat of a proconsul under... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ... Megabazus was a highly regarded Persian general under Darius. ...

An inscription, discovered in 1877 at Olympia on the base of a statue, states that it was set up by the community of the Paionians in honor of their king and founder Dropion. Another king, whose name appears as Lyppeius on a fragment of an inscription found at Athens relating to a treaty of alliance is no doubt identical with the Lycceius or Lycpeius of Paionian coins (see B. V. Head, Historia numorum, 1887, p. 207). 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Olympia among the principal Greek sanctuaries Olympia (Greek: Olympía or Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a sanctuary of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ...

Decline

In 280 BC the Gallic invaders under Brennus ravaged the land of the Paionians, who, being further hard pressed by the Dardani, had no alternative but to join the Macedonians, but the Paionians and Macedonians were defeated. Paeonia consolidated again but in 217 BC the Maceodnian king Philip V of Macedon (220-179 BC), the son of Demetrius II, among other things succeeded in uniting the separated regions of Dassaretia and Paionia into the Macedonian kingdom. Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC - 280s BC - 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 285 BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277... Gallic, derived from the name for the ancient Roman province of Gaul, describes the cultural traditions and national characters of the French speaking nations and regions, as Hispanic does for the Hispanophone world, Anglo-Saxon for the Anglophone, and Lusitanic for the Lusophone. ... Brennus, Gaul, leader of the army of Gauls who in 279 BC invaded Macedonia and northern Greece. ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC 219 BC 218 BC - 217 BC - 216 BC 215 BC... Coin of Philip V. The Greek inscription reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ ([coin] of King Philip). ...

In 146 BC, 70 years after the macedonian conquest of Paionia , the Roman legions ended the history of Macedon. Paionia around the Axios formed the second and third districts respectively of the Roman province of Macedonia (Livy xiv. 29). Centuries later under Diocletian, Paionia and Pelagonia formed a province called Macedonia secunda or Macedonia salutaris, belonging to the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum. By AD 400, however, the Paionians had lost their identity, and Paeonia was merely a geographic term.[1] Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC - 140s BC - 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC Years: 151 BC 150 BC 149 BC 148 BC 147 BC - 146 BC - 145 BC 144 BC... See also Legion software and Legion forummer. ... The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon in 148 BC, and after the four client republics established by Rome in the region were dissolved. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ... Pelagonia was an ancient region of Europe later incorporated into Macedon. ... map of the praetorian prefecture of Illyricum, 318-379 AD The Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum (also termed simply the Prefecture of Illyricum) was one of four large prefectures (see Praetorian prefecture) into which the Late Roman Empire was divided. ...

Notes

1.Map of the Paionian tribes during the Trojan War, the 13th - 12th Century BC.(Eleonora Petrova: The Paionian Tribes and the Paionian Kingdom during the First and the Second Millennium B.C., Macedonia Acta Archeologicae 12, Skopje, 1991)[2] The Paionian tribes were, in alphabetic order: Aestraei Agrianes Derrones Doberes Laiaious Odomantoi (Odomanti, Odomantians; sometimes called a Thracian tribe) Paioplai (Paeoplians) Siriopaiones (Siriopaionians, Siriopaeonians, Siropaionians, etc. ... The fall of Troy, by Johann Georg Trautmann (1713–1769). ...

2.Map of the Paionian kingdom in the 4th century B.C. during the territorial extension of the Ancient Macedon. (Eleonora Petrova: The Paionian...Skopje, 1991)[3] Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

See also

• List of Paionian kings
• List of Paionian tribes
• Bylazora
• Stobi
• Agrianes
• Laeaeans
• Pyraechmes
• Asteropaeus
• Deuriopus
• Paionian language

This is a List of Paionian Kings, monarchs of ancient Paionia. ... The Paionian tribes were, in alphabetic order: Aestraei Agrianes Derrones Doberes Laiaious Odomantoi (Odomanti, Odomantians; sometimes called a Thracian tribe) Paioplai (Paeoplians) Siriopaiones (Siriopaionians, Siriopaeonians, Siropaionians, etc. ... Bylazora was a city of the Paionians, situated along the banks of the Axios (now the Vardar) river in ancient Paionia (the region is now part of the Republic of Macedonia). ... Stobi was an ancient town of Paionia, later conquered by Macedon, and later still incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris (now in the Republic of Macedonia). ... The Agrianes were an ancient warrior-tribe who occupied, for a time, the territory north of the Thracian Maedi. ... The Laeaeans were a Paionian tribe that lived adjacent to the Agrianes, another Paionian tribe, along the upper course of the Strymon river, at the western edge of Thrace. ... Pyraechmes was, along with Asteropaeus, a leader of the Paeonians in the Trojan War. ... In the Iliad Asteropaios (Latin: Asteropaeus) was the leader of the Paionians along with Pyraichmes, the Paionians were Trojan allies. ... Deuriopus (Strabo: Deuriopos, Steph. ... The Paionian language is the poorly attested language of the ancient Paionians, whose kingdom once stretched north of Macedon into Thrace. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.