NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pakistan military

Military of Pakistan (Urdu: عسکریہ پاک) is the principle defense organization of Pakistan. It consists of the: Image File history File links Flag_of_Pakistan. ... Number of active troops per country This is a list of countries sorted by the total number of active troops where the military manpower of a country is measured by the total amount of active troops within the command of that country. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Image File history File links Pakistani_Air_Force_Ensign. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Pakistan. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 9th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Approximately 619,000 personnel are on active duty in the military which is the world's 7th largest armed force as of 2006. Combined with the 302,000 strong Paramilitary forces and the Coast Guard, the Military of Pakistan has a total size of nearly 1,000,000 personnel. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Number of active troops per country This is a list of countries sorted by the total number of active troops where the military manpower of a country is measured by the total amount of active troops within the command of that country. ...

Pakistan's Military is a hierarchical organization, with a system of military ranks to denote levels of authority within the organization. The military service is divided into a professional officer corps along with a greater number of enlisted personnel who perform day-to-day military operations. The Pakistani officer corps is not restricted by social class or nobility and are appointed from a variety of sources such as service academies and direct appointment from both civilian status and the enlisted ranks.

Pakistan has been ruled by the military for a relatively large portion of the time since its independence in 1947. The armed forces are highly respected in civil society and the social ranks as an institution. September 6 known as Defense Day commemorates the military’s role in defense of the nation. September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ...

High importance is given to the development of missiles and other military technology but due to budget constraints and nation-building duties have somewhat reduced Pakistan's normally robust training tempo, which if not reversed, may eventually impact the operational readiness of the Armed Forces. Likewise, Pakistan has had an increasingly difficult time maintaining their aging fleet of American, Chinese, British and French equipment. While the industrial base capabilities have expanded significantly, limiting fiscal resources and various sanctions over the past have significantly constrained the government's efforts to fully modernize the armed forces. Despite this, the Pakistani armed forces demonstrate great strength and armed capabilities. Budget generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues. ...

History

Before 1947, the Military of Pakistan was part of the Army of India, as the armed force was known as under the British Raj, fought in both the World Wars and the numerous Anglo-Afghan Wars. After Independence, the military was divided between India and Pakistan with a ratio of 64% going to India and 36% for Pakistan. Post-independence, it has fought three wars against India, several border skrimmishes with Afghanistan, and an extended border skirmish with India in 1999 and is currently conducting anti-terrorist operations along the border areas of Afghanistan. The Military of Pakistan has participated in several United Nations peacekeeping operations and is presently one of the largest troops contributor to the UN force. Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

Organization

The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee deals with all problems bearing on the military aspects of state security and is charged with integrating and coordinating the three services. In peacetime, its principal function is planning; in time of war, its chairman is the principal staff officer to the president in the supervision and conduct of the war. The secretariat of the committee serves as the principal link between the service headquarters and the Ministry of Defense in addition to coordinating matters between the services. The three branches within the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee deal with planning, training, and logistics. Affiliated with the committee are the offices of the engineer in chief, the director general of medical service, the director of inter-services intelligence, and the director of inter-services public relations. In March 1976, the Government of Pakistan adopted the recommendations of the White Paper on Higher Defence Reorganization. ...

Joint Chiefs of Staff

The 3 Service Chiefs together with the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff form the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Personnel

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Personnel in each service

Uniforms

The standard uniform for the Pakistan Army is a mixture of a Greenish-Brown colored overalls but this has been recently transitioned to a camouflage pattern uniform which is standard for other armies of the world. The colors of the new camouflage pattern uniform depend on which geographical areas the troops operate so that they can blend in with the environment.

Rank Structure

The rank structure is also patterned on the British model. Following the British Indian tradition, there are three junior commissioned officer (JCO) grades between enlisted and officer rank for those who rise by promotion from among enlisted recruits. The junior commissioned officer is a continuation of the former viceroy's commissioned officer rank during the British colonial period. Promotion to JCO rank, however, remains a powerful incentive for enlisted personnel; thus, if JCO ranks are ever phased out, it will likely be a slow process.

Gallantry awards

Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 9th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ... The George Cross (GC) is the highest Commonwealth decoration awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry not in the face of the enemy, while the Victoria Cross is awarded for valour in the face of the enemy. ... DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... Military Cross The Military Cross is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army, and formerly also to officers of the armies of other Commonwealth countries, for distinguished and meritorious services in battle. ... Source: Veterans Affairs Canada The Distinguished Conduct Medal was (until 1993) a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army, and formerly also to personnel of the armies of other Commonwealth countries, below the rank of Warrant Officer, for conspicuous bravery in the battlefield. ...

Role of Religion

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and General Zia-ul-Haq were instrumental in introducing Islam and Islamic practices into the Military. Alcoholic beverages were banned and mullah as chaplains were assigned to go into combat with troops. Mosques were built inside military bases and Islamic texts and courses on Islam were made compulsory for officers. The Military establishment rejected the idea of total war that emerged in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as un-Islamic and emphasized verses from the Quran which sees force only as a last resort. The function of the military is seen less of a capability for combat but rather preventing wars by instilling fear in the heart of the enemies.

However most officers consider religion a purely personal matter and relatively few Pakistani soldiers have turned to Islamic fundamentalism. Secular and western doctrines of warfare have been incorporated into the armed forces as the Generals know that modern land, sea and air combat tactics are not determined by religion.

Foreign Military Relations

Pakistan’s has had an on-again and off-again relationship with the United States. When relations were good, this meant access to funds, sophisticated weaponry and training. When relations were bad, it meant bitter disillusionment and the severing of support at critical junctures. These wide swings of fortune are something to which the Pakistanis have become accustomed, and they recognize that, whatever the provocation, the relationship with the United States has too much potential benefit to be discarded lightly. Image File history File links Peterpaceinpakistan. ... Image File history File links Peterpaceinpakistan. ...

China has been a steady source of military equipment and has cooperated with Pakistan in setting up weapons production and modernization facilities. Within months of the 1965 and 1971 wars, China began to re-supply the depleted Pakistani forces. Between 1965 and 1982, China was Pakistan's main military supplier, and materiel has continued to be transferred.

The Pakistani military's close ties to the nations of the Middle East are based on a combination of geography and shared religion. The closest ties are with Saudi Arabia--a sporadically generous patron; much of the equipment bought from the United States during the 1980s, for example, was paid for by the Saudis. The smaller Persian Gulf states also have been sources of important financial support. The flow of benefits has been reciprocated. Beginning in the 1960s, Pakistanis have been detailed as instructors and trainers in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Libya, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. Pakistani pilots, sailors, and technicians have played key roles in some Persian Gulf military forces, and Arabs have been trained both in their home countries and in military training establishments in Pakistan.

Pakistan has a particular interest in cooperating with neighboring Iran, with which it had occasionally difficult relations after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. In more recent years, however, delegations have been exchanged, and Pakistan has sold military equipment to Iran. Pakistan also has military ties with Turkey and would like to use these, as well as its Iranian connections, as a bridge to the new Muslim states of Central Asia.

Nuclear Doctrine

The Pakistan military possesses nuclear weapons and sufficient means, through a range of missiles and aircraft — to deliver these over considerably long distances. However, unlike India, Pakistan does not have no-first-use policy and maintains the use of nuclear weapons as a deterrent to India to offset the large conventional advantage India enjoys over Pakistan. Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

Pakistan is not a part of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), citing concerns that it unfairly favours the established nuclear powers, and provides no provision for complete nuclear disarmament. The Strategic Nuclear Command forms part of Pakistan's National Command Authority which is responsible for the management of the country's tactical and strategic nuclear weapons.

Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

Military Intelligence

Pakistan's Military Intelligence (MI) is one of the three main intelligence serives in Pakistan. MI is tasked with counter-insurgency operations, identifying and eliminating sleeper cells, foreign agents and other anti Pakistani elements within Pakistan. Additional functions involve monitoring high level military and political leaders and safe guarding critical facilities such as military and non-military installations. MI also has limited external role as well.

Military Academies

Pakistan has some of the best military academies in Asia and many officer corps from Asian as well as some African and Eastern European countries attend Pakistan's Military Academies.

Army Medical College is located at Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. ... College of Flying Training (CFT) is located at Risalpur, NWFP, Pakistan. ... The Command and Staff College was established in 1974 at Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. ... Military College of Engineering is located at Risalpur, in Nowshera District, NWFP, Pakistan. ... Military College of Signals (MCS) is located at Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. ... Pakistan Air Force Academy (PAF Academy) is located at Risalpur, NWFP, Pakistan. ... Pakistan Military Academy (or PMA) is a Military Academy of Pakistan Army. ... Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC) is located at Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ...

Military Justice

The military justice system rests on three similar service laws: the Pakistan Army Act (1952), the Pakistan Air Force Act (1953), and the Pakistan Navy Ordinance (1961). The acts are administered by the individual services under the central supervision of the Ministry of Defense. The army has a four-tier system; the air force and navy, three-tier systems. The differences in tier levels reflect whether their competence extends to officers or enlisted men only and the severity of the punishment that may be imposed.

Civilian courts cannot question decisions handed down by the military court and double jeopardy is prohibited. In cases where a military person is alleged to have committed a crime against a civilian, the central government determines whether military or civilian courts have jurisdiction. Former servicemen in civilian life who are accused of felonies committed while on active duty are liable for prosecution under the jurisdiction of military courts. These courts are empowered to mete out a wide range of punishments including death. All sentences of imprisonment are served in military prisons or detention barracks.

Weapons industry

Pakistan began with virtually no military production capability. By 1951, Pakistan had created the Pakistan Ordnance Factory at Wah Cantonment, near Rawalpindi, to produce small arms, ammunition, and explosives. During the period of reliance on United States supply, there was little attention given to domestic production, but after the assistance cutoffs in 1965 and 1971, Pakistan relied on China's help to expand its facilities, including the modernization of Wah. The Heavy Industries at Taxila was established in 1971 as an equipment rebuilding facility, followed in 1973 by the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra, north of Islamabad. The air force assembled Chinese F-6s and French Mirages; produced the Mushshak trainer, which was based on the Swedish SAAB Safari/Supporter; maintained radar and avionics equipment; and in the mid-1990s was in the process of developing the Karakorum jet trainer. Image File history File linksMetadata MBT2000_Al-Khalid. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MBT2000_Al-Khalid. ...

The Ministry of Defense Production was created in September 1991 to promote and coordinate the patchwork of military production facilities that have developed since independence. The ministry also includes seven other specialized organizations devoted to research and development, production, and administration.

The navy is supported mainly by a facility at the Karachi Shipyard, which has limited production capacity. In 1987 development of a submarine repair and rebuild facility at Port Qasim was begun. By early 2000, in a joint project with China led to the development of the JF-17 fighter and the Al-Khalid Tank. Pakistan also has taken major steps to becoming self sufficient in aircraft overhaul and modernization and tank and helicopter sales and in a transfer of technology with France led to the construction of the Agosta B-90 Submarine in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Budget

Faced with the problem of defense against a much larger enemy from a relatively weak resource base, the military claimed a large share of the nation's resources even to maintain a minimally effective defensive capability. The successive governments and the civilian population believed it necessary to support the armed forces as much as possible. From 1958 to 1973, the defense budget accounted for nearly 60% of the total government expenditures. Since 1973, this percentage has been reduced by half due to a growing economy, inflation, and foreign military aid. In 2005 Pakistan's Military expenditures were 4.26 Billion dollars, which is 3.9 percent of GDP. Download high resolution version (2792x1627, 714 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2792x1627, 714 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a multi-role jet fighter aircraft developed by General Dynamics in the United States. ... Combatants Soviet Union Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan Mujahideen Rebels supported by nations such as: United States, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China Commanders Boris Gromov Pavel Grachev Valentin Varennikov Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Sibghatullah Mojadeddi Ahmed Shah Massoud Abdul Ali Mazari Indirect roles Ronald Reagan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Rahimuddin Khan...

External links

Pakistani cuisine is generally similar to that of North India. ... Pakistan, a nation-state established in 1947, has a rich and unique cultural heritage that has actively preserved its established traditions throughout history. ... Pakistan has an estimated population of over 166 million inhabitants in 2006. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Pakistani television stations. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Amir-ud-Din Khidwai based on the 1906 flag of the All-India Muslim League. ... Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population, and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. ... The nation-state of Pakistan was established in 1947 as one of the two successor states of British India, yet the land and its people possess an extensive and continuous history that can be traced back to very ancient times. ... Holidays in Pakistan: Category: ... The music of Pakistan can be categorized into six general groups: classical, semi-classical/ghazal, folk, qawwali/devotional, film, pop/rock. ... In recent history, Pakistan has been a country. ...

Category: Military of Pakistan Image File history File links Flag_of_Pakistan. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Pakistan. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... Image File history File links Pakistani_Air_Force_Ensign. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

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