Palamau has the distinction of being the forest where the world's first tiger census was conducted by way of pugmarks, in 1934.
The main inhabitants of the Palamau are the tiger, the Indian wolf, leopard, elephant, gaur, sambar, muntjac and nilgai.
A one-time seat of the famed Chero Rajas, Palamau's past history is still visible in the form of its mighty forts, standing on the banks of the Koel and Auranga rivers of Chota Nagpur.
The etymological derivation of the term Palamau is the land of the Palas and Mahua.
The district is bounded on the north by river Son, on the east by districts of Chatra and Hazaribagh, while Latehar District and Garhwa District flank Palamau on the south and west, respectively.
Palamau District endowed with a lush topography; imperial Sal forests and congenial ambiance attract flocks of tourists.