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The RhenishPalatinate extends from the left bank of the Rhine and borders in the S on France and in the W on the Saarland and Luxembourg.
The name of the two regions came from the office known as countpalatine, a title used in the Holy Roman Empire to denote the secular prince who ruled a region in the absence of the Holy Roman Emperor; the title was used in other European countries during the medieval and early modern periods.
The RhenishPalatinate flourished in the 15th and 16th cent., and its capital, Heidelberg, was a center of the German Renaissance and Reformation.