The palatine (Latin: comes palatii, comes palatinus, later: palatinus (regni), Hungarian: nádorispán/ nádor, Slovak: nádvorný župan/ nádvorný špán, later: palatín / nádvorník, German: Palatin) was the highest dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary after the king (a kind of powerful prime minister and supreme judge) from the kingdom's rise up to 1848/1918. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... King and kings redirect here. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Initially, he was in fact the representative of the king, later the vice-regent (viceroy). Initially, he was appointed by the king, later elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Vice-regent is a person who acts in the name of another, notably: as a synonym of Viceroy as a synonym of vicegerent This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... In politics, a Diet is a formal deliberative assembly. ...

Name

The Latin word palatinus means approximately imperial, royal, and comes was a noble title having a number of meanings. The Hungarian word nádorispán is derived from the Slovak/Slavic na dvor špan meaning approximately "At-the-Court count." (Requires a reliable source).  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup...

History

Middle Ages

When the proto-Magyars settled in the Carpathian Basin after 900, the function existed already in Great Moravia and in the neighbouring East Frankish Empire. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... Persian sfuckentist, Rhazes, distinguished smallpox from measles in the course of his writings. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... East Francia in orange after the breakup of the Frankish Empire at the treaties of Verdun and Meerssen. ...

Initially (after 900) the palatine was the leader (administrator, manager) of the curia regis (Court of the king in terms of persons and institutions); he was responsible for the functioning of the Court, for its economy and internal order. From 1002 onwards, leading members of the supreme nobility (the oligarchs) held the function. He was responsible for the royal properties ("courts", Hungarian: udvarok, Slovak: dvorce) scattered in the country with their "court" peasants (Hungarian: udvarnokok, Slovak: dvorníci; people specialised in various skills who provided services, food and products for "courts" of the king or courts of oligarchs).

From the 12th century onwards, the palatine was also a representative of the king in judicial affairs. He was the judge of all "free" persons (oligarchs, servientes regis, hospites and other land owners), especially the judge of the nobles outside the capital, but in 1222 nobles were exempt from his jurisdiction. He was also the judge of the Jászok (Alans), of the Cumanians and of the Jews. From 1102, Palatines were proclaimed for life by Croatian assembly and king. He was mediator over opened questions between Croatian assembly and king. Palatin had no authority over Croatian kingdom, as ban of Croatia had no authority in Hungary. Palatin in Hungarian-Croatian kingdom was a sort of prorex or regent in Hungary, whilst ban was prorex in Croatia. Title of Palatine is abolished in 1848. Oligarch may refer to one of the folowing. ... The servientes regis (-Latin, Hungarian: királyi szerviensek, Slovak: kráľovskí servienti) were a class of nobles in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th and 14th century. ... The Cumans, also known as Polovtsy (Slavic for yellowish) were a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ...

From 1200, he was also the comes of several counties, thus being entitled to one third of the county taxes. From the 13th century, his deputy (vicepalatinus) was based in Pest (around 1300 temporarily in Old Buda), where he was simultaneously the county leader of the Pest county and judge of the middle nobility. Map of the counties in the Kingdom of Hungary around 1880 A comitatus (less frequently, a comitat, or, inaccurately, a county; for the various names, their origin and use see here) is the name of an administrative unit in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to 1918. ... Pest (in Slovak Pešť, pron. ...

The Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary of 1455 and 1456 issued the decree "De officio Palatinus", which guaranteed the palatine's position as the representative of the king.

15th - 20th century

From around 1400 he was the vice-regent of the king, a function which however only became important after 1526. He was allowed to command the royal army and to preside over the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary instead of the king. When the king was not of age or if there was an interregnum, he also could convene the Diet. From around 1450 he had the right to grant royal property - like the king himself but with certain restrictions. An act of 1485 explicitly stipulated that the palatine shall be the vice-regent in the king's absence. A Vice-regent is a person who acts in the name of another, notably: as a synonym of Viceroy as a synonym of vicegerent This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

After 1526, when the Habsburgs became rulers of the kingdom and the Turks seized large parts of the kingdom, the palatine, as the vice-regent (viceroy), had his seat outside Royal Hungary in Prague and later in Vienna. In 1526, the palatine became a life function. In 1527, the palatine István Báthory created the Hungarian Vice-regency Council (a kind of government, seat in Pressburg (modern day Bratislava) since 1531) comprising also other noble representatives, which became a permanent institution headed by the palatine in 1549. In 1608, the functions of vice-regent and palatine were separated. The Vice-regency council was abolished in 1673, but renewed in 1723, when the palatine became the official president of the council. January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... A Vice-regent is a person who acts in the name of another, notably: as a synonym of Viceroy as a synonym of vicegerent This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... See also the history of Europe, the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary before the Magyars, and Hungary. ... Nickname: Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: , Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Pavel Bém Area  - City 496 km²  (191. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location of Bratislava within Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region Bratislava Region Districts Bratislava I-V City parts 17 city boroughs Cadastral areas 20 cadastral areas First mentioned 907[1] Government  - Type City council  - Mayor (Primátor) Andrej ÄŽurkovský[2]  - Headquarters Primates Palace Area [1]  - City 367. ...

After 1848, the palatine was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 - with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1945) - that the function ceased officially.

Important palatines

Important families that provided several palatines were: in the 14th century were the Aba, Lackovićs, in the 15th century the Garay, afterwards the Báthory and the Zápolya, Esterházy, Pálffy, and ultimately the Joseph branch of the Habsburg. Look up ABA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Lacković are a formerly sovereign dynasty, of Croatian-Hungarian origin, which ruled Transylvania intermittently, in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. ... Gorjanski (Hungarian: Garay) were a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary, with notable members in the 14th and 15th centuries. ... The Báthory (Polish Batory) were a Hungarian noble family of the Gutkeled clan. ... John Zápolya refers to a father and son who were kings of Hungary in the 16th century. ... The House of Esterházy (- German, in Hungarian: Eszterházy, in Slovak: Esterházi) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages, which was among the great territorial magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ...

Prominent palatines have been: in the early 17th century, Stefan Illésházy (Illesházy István) of Trenčín, then up to 1616 Juraj Thurzo (Thurzó György), Ivan Zakmardi. Thurzo is the palatine who arrested Elizabeth Báthory, the countess accused for killing numerous girls and young women. The position was occupied in the remaining 17th century by members of the families Esterházy, Pálffy, Francis Wesselényi and others. The last palatines at the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century were the Habsburgs Archdukes Alexander Leopold, Joseph and his son Stephan, who resigned in 1848. Trenčín (Hungarian: Trencsén, German: Trentschin, Latin (Roman period): Laugaricio) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) at the Váh river. ... A portrait of the Bloody Lady of ÄŒachtice. ... The House of Esterházy (- German, in Hungarian: Eszterházy, in Slovak: Esterházi) was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages, which was among the great territorial magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time it was part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire. ... Look up Archduke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Contrast

Paladin, Count palatine A paladin or paladine (derivative terms from palatine, and Latin palatinus, plural palatini) is a certain high-level official found in numerous countries of medieval and early modern Europe. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...