NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Palestrina

Palestrina (ancient Praeneste) is an ancient city and comune (municipality) with a population of about 18,000, in Lazio, c. 35 km east of Rome. It is connected to latter by the Via Prenestina. Palestrina is sited on a spur of the Monti Prenestini, a range in the Apennines. Palestrina may mean: Palestrina, a town built on the site of ancient Praeneste in Italy Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, a composer Palestrina (opera), an opera by Hans Pfitzner This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... The Regions of Italy were granted a degree of regional autonomy in the 1948 constitution, which states that the constitutions role is: to recognize, protect and promote local autonomy, to ensure that services at the State level are as decentralized as possible, and to adapt the principles and laws... Latium (Lazio in Italian) is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... In Italy, a province (in Italian: provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between municipality (comune) and region (regione). ... Rome (It. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol kmÂ², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Here are a list of area codes in Italy. ... A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a comune; for other subdivisions, see municipio, circoscrizione, quartiere. ... is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Italy_Regions_(including_Pelagie_Islands). ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic administrative unit of both provinces and regions, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality. ... For the football club, see S.S. Lazio Lazio (Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzi, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... The Apennine Mountains (Greek: Î‘Ï€ÎµÎ½Î½Î¹Î½Î¿Ï‚; Latin: Appenninus--in both cases used in the singular; Italian: Appennini) is a mountain range stretching 1000 km from the north to the south of Italy along its east coast, traversing the entire peninsula, and forming, as it were, the backbone of the country. ...

Palestrina borders the following municipalities: Artena, Castel San Pietro Romano, Cave, Gallicano nel Lazio, Labico, Rocca di Cave, Rocca Priora, Rome, San Cesareo, Valmontone, Zagarolo. This article needs to be updated. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 752 m Area 15. ... Cave is town and commune in the Lazio region of Italy, 42 km southeast of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 241 m Area 26. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 319 m Area 11. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 933 m Area 11. ... Rocca Priora is a town and commune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... San Cesareo is a town and a comune in the province of Rome. ... Valmontone is a town and a comune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... Zagarolo is a town and commune in the province of Rome, in the region of Lazio of central Italy. ...

History

Ancient Praeneste

Early burials show that the site was already occupied in the 8th or 7th century BC. The ancient necropolis lay on a plateau at the foot of the hill below the ancient town. Of the objects found in the oldest graves, and supposed to date from about the 7th century BC, the cups of silver and silver-gilt and most of the gold and amber jewelry are Phoenician (possibly Carthaginian), but the bronzes and some of the ivory articles seem to be of the Etruscan civilization. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) Ruins of the training grounds at Olympia, Greece. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 7th century BC started on January 1, 700 BC and ended on December 31, 601 BC. // Overview Events Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria who created the the first systematically collected library at Nineveh A 16th century depiction of the Hanging Gardens of... For the record label, see Necropolis Records. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 7th century BC started on January 1, 700 BC and ended on December 31, 601 BC. // Overview Events Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria who created the the first systematically collected library at Nineveh A 16th century depiction of the Hanging Gardens of... For other uses, see Amber (disambiguation). ... Phoenicia (or Phenicia ,[1] from Biblical Phenice [1]) was an ancient civilization centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coast of modern day Lebanon and Syria. ... Roman Carthage with former military harbor Carthage (Greek: , Latin: , from the Phoenician meaning new town; Arabic: ) refers both to an ancient city in Tunisia and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Extent of Etruscan civilization and the twelve Etruscan League cities. ...

Praenestine graves from about 240 BC onwards have been found: they are surmounted by the characteristic pine-apple of local stone, containing stone coffins with rich bronze, ivory and gold ornaments beside the skeleton. From these come the famous bronze boxes (cistae) and hand mirrors with inscriptions partly in Etruscan. Also famous is the bronze Ficoroni casket (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome), engraved with pictures of the arrival of the Argonauts in Bithynia and the victory of Pollux over Amycus, found in 1738. An example of archaic Latin is the inscription on the Cista Ficoroni: "Novios Plautios Romai med fecid / Dindia Macolnia fileai dedit" ("Novios Plautios made me in Rome, Dindia Macolnia gave me to her daughter"). The caskets are unique in Italy, but a large number of mirrors of precisely similar style have been discovered in Etruria. Hence, although it would be reasonable to conjecture that objects with Etruscan characteristics came from Etruria, the evidence points decisively to an Etruscan factory in or near Praeneste itself. Other imported objects in the burials show that Praeneste traded not only with Etruria but also with the Greek east. Languages in Iron Age Italy, 6th century BC Etruscan was a language spoken and written in the ancient region of Etruria (current Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of what are now Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna (where the Etruscans were displaced by Gauls), in Italy. ... This page is on the museum itself, for the architectural history of the house see Villa Giulia. ... The Argo, by Lorenzo Costa In Greek mythology, the Argonauts (Ancient Greek: ) were a band of heroes who, in the years before the Trojan War, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest for the Golden Fleece. ... Bithynia was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea). ... In Greek mythology, Pollux was the nickname of Polydeuces, the son of Zeus and Leda and twin brother of Castor. ... Amycus punished, red-figured Lucanian hydria, end of 4th century BC, Cabinet des MÃ©dailles In Greek mythology, Amycus was the son of Poseidon and Melia. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in WÃ¼rttenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... The area covered by the Etruscan civilzation. ... Extent of Etruscan civilization and the twelve Etruscan League cities. ... The area covered by the Etruscan civilzation. ...

The origin of Praeneste was attributed by the ancients to Ulysses, or to other fabulous characters variously called Caeculus, Telegonus, Praenestus or Erulus. the name derives probably from the word Praenesteus, referring to its overlooking location. For other meanings, see Odysseus (disambiguation) Ulysses redirects here. ...

Praeneste was probably under the hegemony of Alba Longa while that city was the head of the Latin League. It withdrew from the league in 499 BC, according to Livy (its earlest historical mention), and formed an alliance with Rome. After Rome was weakened by the Gauls of Brennus (390 BC), Praeneste switched allegiances and fought against Rome in the long struggles that culminated in the Latin War. From 373 to 370, it was in continual war against Rome or her allies, and was defeated by Cincinnatus. Alba Longa (in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga) was an ancient city of Latium, in the Alban Hills founder and head of the Latin Confederation; it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. // Legendary history According to legend Alba Longa was founded by Ascanius or... The Latin League was an alliance of Rome and the many other cities and villages in and around the area of Latium. ... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 540s BC 530s BC 520s BC 510s BC 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC Years: 499 BC - 498 BC 497 BC 496 BC 495 BC 494 BC Births Deaths Events Aristagoras... A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... A sculpture, depicting this Brennus that adorned an 18th or 19th century French naval vessel Brennus, a chieftain of the Senones of the Adriatic coast of Italy, who in 387 BC, in the Battle of the Allia, led an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome. ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC - 390s BC - 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 395 BC 394 BC 393 BC 392 BC 391 BC - 390 BC - 389 BC 388 BC 387... The Latin War (340-338 BC) was a conflict between the Roman Republic and its neighbors the Latin peoples of ancient Italy. ... With one hand he returns the fasces, symbol of power as appointed dictator of Rome. ...

Eventually in 354 and in 338 the Romans were victorious and Praeneste was punished by the loss of portions of its territory, becoming a city allied to Rome. As such, it furnished contingents to the Roman army, and Roman exiles were permitted to live at Praeneste, which grew prosperous. The roses of Praeneste were a byword for profusion and beauty. Præneste was situated on the Via Labicana. Via Labicana, an ancient highroad of Italy, leading east southeast from Rome. ...

Its citizens were offered Roman citizenship in 90 BC in the Social War, when concessions had to be made by Rome to cement necessary alliances. In Sulla's second civil war, Gaius Marius the Younger was blockaded in the town by the forces of Sulla (82 BC). When the city was captured, Marius slew himself, the male inhabitants were massacred in cold blood, and a military colony was settled on part of its territory. From an inscription it appears that Sulla delegated the foundation of the new colony to Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus, who was consul in 73 BC. Within a decade the lands of the colonia had been assembled by a few large landowners. â€œCitizenâ€ redirects here. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC - 90s BC - 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC Years: 95 BC 94 BC 93 BC 92 BC 91 BC - 90 BC - 89 BC 88 BC 87... Combatants Roman Republic Italian allies of the Marsi, Samnites, Marrucini, Vestini, Paeligni, Frentani, Picentes Praetutii, Hirpini Commanders Publius Rutilius Lupus , Gaius Marius, Pompeius Strabo, Lucius Julius Caesar, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Titus Didius, Lucius Porcius Cato Quintus Poppaedius Silo, Gaius Papius Mutilus, Herius Asinius, Publius Vettius Scato, Publius Praesenteius, Gaius Vidacilius... Combatants Lucius Cornelius Sulla Marius the Younger Commanders Sulla, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompey, Metellus Pius Marius the Younger, Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Pontius Telesinus, Lucius Cornelius Cinna Sullas second civil war was one of a series of civil wars of ancient Rome. ... Otherwise known as Younger Marius or Marius the Younger. ... Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: LÂ·CORNELIVSÂ·LÂ·FÂ·PÂ·NÂ·SVLLAÂ·FELIX) Â¹ (ca. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC 83 BC - 82 BC - 81 BC 80 BC 79... Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus (c. ... This article is about the Roman rank. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 78 BC 77 BC 76 BC 75 BC 74 BC - 73 BC - 72 BC 71 BC 70...

It was probably after the disaster of 82 BC that the city was removed from the hillside to the lower ground at the Madonna dell Aquila, and that the sanctuary and temple of Fortune was enlarged so as to include much of the space occupied by the ancient city. Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC 83 BC - 82 BC - 81 BC 80 BC 79...

Under the Empire the cool breezes of Praeneste made it a favorite summer resort of wealthy Romans, whose villas studded the neighborhood, though they ridiculed the language and the rough manners of the native inhabitants. The poet Horace ranked "cool Praeneste" with Tibur and Baiae as favored resorts. The emperor Augustus stayed in Praeneste, and Tiberius recovered there from a dangerous illness and made it a municipium. The ruins of the villa associated with Hadrian stand in the plain near the church of S. Maria della Villa, about three-quarters of a mile from the town. At the site was discovered the Braschi Antinous, now in the Vatican Museums. Marcus Aurelius, Pliny the Younger and Symmachus also had villas there. Inscriptions show that the inhabitants of Praeneste were fond of gladiatorial shows. The Roman Empire contained many kinds of villas. ... Horace, as imagined by Anton von Werner Quintus Horatius Flaccus, (December 8, 65 BC - November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. ... Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river, where it issues from the Sabine hills. ... Baiae (Italian: Baia), in the Campania region of Italy on the Bay of Naples, today a frazione of the comune of Bacoli, was for several hundred years a fashionable and luxurious coastal resort, especially towards the end of the period of the Roman Republic. ... For other persons named Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Tiberius, see Tiberius (disambiguation). ... A municipium was the second highest class of a Roman city, and was inferior in status to the colonia. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 â€“â€“ July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... Antinous or AntinoÃ¶s (Greek: ) born circa 110 or 111 CE, died 130 CE), was the lover of the Roman Emperor Hadrian Bust of Antinous in the Palazzo Altemps museum in Rome // He was born to a Greek family in Bithynion-Claudiopolis, in the Roman province of Bithynia in what... Entrance to the museum Staircase of the Vatican Museum The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani) are the public art and sculpture museums in the Vatican City, which display works from the extensive collection of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Rome, April 26, 121[2] â€“ Vindobona or Sirmium, March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. ... Gayus Plinius Colonoscopy Caecilius Secundus (63 - ca. ... Symmachus can refer to several different people of Roman antiquity. ... This article is about the Roman professional fighters. ...

Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia

Praeneste was chiefly famed for its great Temple of Fortuna Primigenia connected with the oracle known as the Praenestine lots (sortes praenestinae). The temple was redeveloped after 82 BC as a spectacular series of terraces, exedras and porticos on four levels down the hillside, linked by monumental stairs and ramps. The inspiration for this feat of unified urbanistic design lay, not in republican Rome, but in the Hellenistic monarchies of the eastern Mediterranean. Praeneste offered a foretaste of the grandiose Imperial style of the following generation.^[1] Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript of Carmina Burana In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind, as modern depictions... Consulting the Oracle by John William Waterhouse, showing eight priestesses in a temple of prophecy An oracle is a person or persons considered to be the source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion; an infallible authority, usually spiritual in nature. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC 83 BC - 82 BC - 81 BC 80 BC 79... An exedra adopted by James Cameron for a neoclassical interior space, at the Hermitage In architecture an exedra is a semicircular recess, often crowned by a half-dome, which is usually set into a buildings facade. ... Categories: Architectural elements | Stub ... The term Hellenistic (established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen) in the history of the ancient world is used to refer to the shift from a culture dominated by ethnic Greeks, however scattered geographically, to a culture dominated by Greek-speakers of whatever ethnicity, and from the political dominance...

The oldest portion of the primitive sanctuary was situated on the terrace just above the lowest one, in a grotto in the natural rock where there was a spring that developed into a well. As the archaic shrine was elaborated from the 2nd century BC, it was given a colored mosaic pavement representing a seascape: a temple of Poseidon on the shore, with fish of all kinds swimming in the sea. To the east of this grotto is a large space, now open, but once very possibly roofed, and forming a two-story basilica built against the rock on the north side, and there decorated with pilasters. To the east is an apsidal hall, often identified with the temple itself, in which was found the famous mosaic with scenes from the Nile, relaid in the Palazzo Barberini-Colonna^[2] in Palestrina (not that in Rome!) on the uppermost terrace (now a National Museum). Under this hall is a chamber, which an inscription on its walls identified as a treasury in the 2nd century BC. In front of this temple an obelisk was erected in the reign of Claudius, fragments of which still exist. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1196x1653, 4745 KB) Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1196x1653, 4745 KB) Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. ... A detail of the Nile mosaic of Palestrina. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 2nd century BC started on January 1, 200 BC and ended on December 31, 101 BC. // Coin of Antiochus IV. Reverse shows Apollo seated on an omphalos. ... This article is about a decorative art. ... Neptune reigns in the city of Bristol. ... St. ... In architecture, pilasters comprise slightly-projecting pseudo-columns built into or onto a wall, with capitals and bases. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 2nd century BC started on January 1, 200 BC and ended on December 31, 101 BC. // Coin of Antiochus IV. Reverse shows Apollo seated on an omphalos. ... The Luxor obelisk in the Place de la Concorde in Paris Obelisk outside Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome. ... For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ...

As extended under Sulla, the sanctuary of Fortune came to occupy a series of five vast terraces, which, resting on gigantic masonry substructure and connected with each other by grand staircases, rose one above the other on the hill in the form of the side of a pyramid, crowned on the highest terrace by the round temple of Fortune.^[1] This immense edifice, probably by far the largest sanctuary in Italy, must have presented a most imposing aspect, visible as it was from a great part of Latium, from Rome, and even from the sea. The ground at the foot of the lowest terrace is 1476 feet (450 m) above sea-level; here is a cistern, divided into ten large chambers, in brick-faced concrete. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: LÂ·CORNELIVSÂ·LÂ·FÂ·PÂ·NÂ·SVLLAÂ·FELIX) Â¹ (ca. ...

The goddess Fortuna here went by the name of Primigenia ("First Bearer"), she was represented suckling two babes, as in the Christian representation of Charity, said to be Jupiter and Juno, and she was especially worshipped by matrons. The oracle continued to be consulted down to Christian times, until Constantine the Great, and again later Theodosius I, forbade the practice and closed the temple. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Allegorical personification of Charity as a mother with three infants by Anthony van Dyck // The word charity entered the English language through the O.Fr word charite which was derived from the Latin caritas.[1] In Christian theology charity, or love (agapÄ“), is the greatest of the three theological virtues... Jupiter et ThÃ©tis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... IVNO REGINA (Queen Juno) on a coin celebrating Julia Soaemias. ... Constantine. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ...

Features of the temple influenced Roman garden design on steeply sloped sites through Antiquity and once again in Italian villa gardens from the 15th century. The monument to Vittorio Emmanuel II in Rome owes a lot to the Praeneste sanctuary complex. See also subsistence gardening, the art and craft of growing plants, considered as a circumscribed form of individual agriculture. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. ...

Later history

The modern town is built on the ruins of the famous temple of Fortuna Primigenia. A bishop of Praeneste is first mentioned in 313. February - Wtf is up mah cracka??. Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, ending all persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. ...

In 1297 the Colonna family, who then owned Praeneste (by then called Palestrina) from the eleventh century as a fief, revolted from the pope. In the following year the town was taken by Papal forces and razed to the ground by order of Pope Boniface VIII. In 1437 the rebuilt city was captured by the Papal general Giovanni Vitelleschi and once more utterly destroyed at the command of Pope Eugenius IV. Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Crest of the Colonna family. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Wycliffe Tyndale Â· Luther Â· Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Pope (from Latin... Pope Boniface VIII (c. ... // Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi (born at Corneto Tarquinia - died at Rome, April 1 or 2, 1440), the fighting bishop of Recanati (from 1431), afterwards made a cardinal, was the condottiere-bishop who was commander of the papal armies of Pope Eugenius IV when the Colonna faction at Rome, infuriated by the... Eugene IV, nÃ© Gabriele Condulmer (1383 â€“ February 23, 1447) was Pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ...

It was rebuilt once more and fortified by Stefano Colonna in 1448. It was again sacked in 1527, and occupied by the Duke of Alba, in 1556. In 1630 it passed by purchase into the Barberini family. Praeneste was the native town of the 3rd century Roman writer Aelian, and of the great 16th century composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. Thomas Mann spent some time there in 1895 and, two years later, during the long harsh summer of 1897, he stayed over again, with his brother Heinrich Mann, in a sojourn which Crest of the Colonna family. ... Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... The Barberini family was a powerful Italian family, originally of Tuscan extraction, who settled in Florence during the early part of the eleventh century. ... // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first... Claudius Aelianus (c. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526[1] - 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. ... For other persons named Thomas Mann, see Thomas Mann (disambiguation). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Luiz (Ludwig) Heinrich Mann (March 27, 1871 â€“ March 12, 1950) wrote German novels with social themes whose attacks on the authoritarian and increasingly militaristic nature of post-Weimar German society led to his exile in 1933. ...

Doctor Faustus could refer to: The character of Faust Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Thomas Manns Doktor Faustus Ferruccio Busonis opera Doktor Faust A 1967 film directed by Richard Burton and Nevill Coghill, see Doctor Faustus (movie) This is a disambiguation page — a... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2136 Ã— 2848 pixels, file size: 604 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Palestrina, Italy File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2136 Ã— 2848 pixels, file size: 604 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Palestrina, Italy File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

Main sights

The modern town of Palestrina is centered on the terraces once occupied by the massive temple of Fortune. The town came to largely obscure the temple, whose monumental remains were revealed as a result of American bombing of German positions in World War II. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The town contains remnants of cyclopean walls and of the aforesaid great temple of Fortune.

On the summit of the hill (753 m), nearly a mile from the town, stood the ancient citadel, the site of which is now occupied by a few poor houses (Castel San Pietro) and a ruined medieval castle of the Colonna family. The magnificent view embraces the Monte Soratte, Rome, the Alban Hills and the Pontinian Plain as far as the sea. Considerable portions of the southern wall of the ancient citadel, built in very massive Cyclopean masonry of blocks of limestone, are still to be seen; and the two walls, also polygonal, which formerly united the citadel with the town, can still be traced. Mount Soratte seen from Via Flaminia. ... The Alban Hills (It. ...

The calendar, which, as Suetonius tells, was set up by the grammarian, Marcus Verrius Flaccus in the forum of Praeneste (the reference being to the forum of the imperial period, at the Madonna dell'Aquila), was discovered in the ruins of the church of S. Agapitus in 1771, where it had been used as building material. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (69 or 70 AD - after 130 AD ) or known as Suetonius was a prominent Roman historian. ... Marcus Verrius Flaccus (c. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

The cathedral, just below the level of the temple, occupies the former civil basilica of the town, upon the facade of which was a sundial described by Varro, traces of which may still be seen. In the modern piazza the steps leading up to this latter basilica and the base of a large monument were found in 1907; so that only a part of the piazza represents the ancient forum. The cathedral has fine paintings and frescoes. In the Church of Santa Rosalia (1677) there is a noteworthy Pietà, carved in the solid rock. St. ... For other uses, see Sundial (disambiguation). ... Marcus Terentius Varro ([[116 BC]–27 BC), also known as Varro Reatinus to distinguish him from his contemporary Varro Atacinus, was a Roman scholar and writer, who the Romans came to call the most learned of all the Romans. ... A piazza is an open square in a city, often used as a marketplace, found in Italy. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Demographic evolution

Twin towns

Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... FÃ¼ssen is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in the district OstallgÃ¤u. ...

References

EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the eleventh edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Footnotes

See also

The Praeneste fibula or Præneste fibula (the brooch of Palestrina) was a brooch discovered in Palestrina. ...

Sources and external links

Coordinates: 41°50′N, 12°53′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Categories: Cities and towns in the Lazio | Communes of the Province of Rome | Archaeological sites in Italy | Roman sites of the Lazio For the football club, see S.S. Lazio Lazio (Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzi, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic administrative unit of both provinces and regions, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality. ... Rome (It. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 684 m Area 15. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 392 m Area 9. ... Albano Laziale is a commune in the province of Rome, in Lazio (Latium). ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 522 m Area 92. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 195 m Area 74. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 508 m Area 16. ... // Anzio is a city and resort on the coast of the Lazio region of Italy, about 33 miles south of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 831 m Area 28. ... Ardea, an ancient town and comune in the province of Rome, 41Â°37N 12Â°33E, 37 m (121 feet) above sea-level. ... Ariccia is a commune in the province of Rome, in the Province of Rome of the Lazio (Latium) region. ... Arsoli is a city in the Province of Rome, Italy. ... This article needs to be updated. ... Bellegra is a town and a comune in the province of Rome. ... Bracciano is a town and commune located northwest of Rome, Italy, famous for its lake of volcanic origin (Lago di Bracciano or Sabatino) and its medieval castle. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 810 m Area 40. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 270 m Area 46. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 378 m Area 36. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 602 m Area 7. ... Capena is an ancient city near Rome, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 915 m Area 20. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 550 m Area 84. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 475 m Area 5. ... Castel Gandolfo and the Lake of Albano. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 428 m Area 28. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 752 m Area 15. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 250 m Area 30. ... Cave is town and commune in the Lazio region of Italy, 42 km southeast of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 520 m Area 11. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 1,053 m Area 31. ... A small town located approximately 60 miles N of Rome. ... Ciampino is a town in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 619 m Area 19. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 519 m Area 10. ... Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Lazio, a sea port on the Tyrrhenian sea, 50 miles WNW of Rome, 42Â°06N 11Â°47E. According to the 2003 census, its population was 50,100. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 195 m Area 20. ... Colleferro is a town and a comune in the province of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 343 m Area 3. ... For the commune in Piedmont, see Fiano (TO). ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 197 m Area 5. ... Fiumicino is an Italian town, in which Leornardo Da Vinci airport is located. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 150 m Area 20. ... Formello is a town and a commune in the province of Rome. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 241 m Area 26. ... Gavignano is a town of 1,758 in habitants in the Province of Rome. ... Genazzano is a town and a comune in the province of Rome. ... Genzano di Roma is a town and commune in the province of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 502 m Area 10. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 766 m Area 26. ... Grottaferrata is a town with a Basilian monastery near Rome, sometimes said to occupy the site of Ciceros Tusculanum and situated on the lower slopes of the Alban hills, in the Diocese of Frascati, two and a half miles from the town itself (41Â°47â€²N 12Â°40â€²E... Guidonia Montecelio is a town in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 834 m Area 31. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 319 m Area 11. ... Ladispoli is a comune in the province of Roma, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 324 m Area 43. ... Lariano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 35 km southeast of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 475 m Area 17. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 270 m Area 21. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 487 m Area 13. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 369 m Area 23. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 450 m Area 7. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 285 m Area 15. ... View from Marino. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 200 m Area 28. ... Inner square of the castle in Mentana. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 576 m Area 24. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 451 m Area 9. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 800 m Area 17. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 297 m Area 35. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 232 m Area 44. ... Monterotondo is a village that is part of the modern province of Rome,Italy ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 575 m Area 23. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 296 m Area 20. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 207 m Area 23. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 202 m Area 12. ... Nemi, an old town and comune of Italy, is in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in central Lazio, 41Â°43â€²N 12Â°43â€²E, at 521 metres (1709 ft) above sea-level overlooking Lake Nemi. ... Nerola is a commune of 1,419 inhabitants of the province of Rome, Latium, Italy. ... Nettuno is a town and commune of the province of Rome in the Lazio region of central Italy, 60 kilometers south of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 571 m Area 26. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 450 m Area 46. ... Palombara Sabina is a town and commune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 575 m Area 17. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 532 m Area 13. ... Poli is a small village in Italy, situated approximately 20 miles east of Rome. ... City tower and town hall Pomezia is a town in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 205 m Area 19. ... Riano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 20 km north of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 250 m Area 38. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 705 m Area 12. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 745 m Area 15. ... Rocca Priora is a town and commune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 664 m Area 9. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 933 m Area 11. ... Rocca di Papa is a town and commune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 520 m Area 8. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 697 m Area 10. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 523 m Area 8. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 260 m Area 28. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 434 m Area 8. ... San Cesareo is a town and a comune in the province of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 420 m Area 35. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 651 m Area 42. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 655 m Area 12. ... SantAngelo Romano is a town in Latium, Italy, administratively part of the province of Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 420 m Area 44. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 7 m Area 49. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 908 m Area 11. ... Segni, in the Latin language called Signinsis, is an Italian city located in the Province of Rome. ... Subiaco is a city in the Province of Rome, in Lazio, Italy, twenty-five miles from Tivoli alongside the river Aniene. ... Tivoli, the classical Tibur, is an ancient Italian town in Lazio, about 30 km from Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river, where it issues from the Sabine hills. ... Tolfa is a town and comune of the Province of Rome, Italy, to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 174 m Area 10. ... Trevignano Romano is a small town near Rome. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 825 m Area 51. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 870 m Area 16. ... Valmontone is a town and a comune in the province of Rome, Italy. ... Velletri is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio (Latium) - Italy. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 300 m Area 36. ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 756 m Area 12. ... Zagarolo is a town and commune in the province of Rome, in the region of Lazio of central Italy. ... Image File history File links Provincia_di_Roma-Stemma. ...

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