Khedrup Je, the 1st Panchen Lama

The Panchen Lama (often transliterated as Pänchen Lama) or the Panchen Erdeni, is the one of the two highest ranking lamas (together with the Dalai Lama) in the Gelugpa (Dge-lugs-pa) sect of Tibetan Buddhism (the sect which controlled Tibet from the 16th century until the Communist takeover). The successive Panchen lamas form a tulku reincarnation lineage which are said to be the incarnations of Amitabha Buddha. The name, meaning 'Great Scholar', is a Tibetan contraction of the Sanskrit paṇḍita (scholar) and the Tibetan chenpo (great), but the Fifth Dalai Lama appointed his tutor Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten head of Tashilhunpo Monastery and exclusively reserved the title Panchen for him,^[1] and this title has continued to be given to his successors and, posthumously, to his predecessors starting with Khedrup Je. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (Tibetan: ་མྷས་གྲུབ་དགེལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje Dge-legs Dpal-bzang-po; ZWPY: Kaichub Gêlêg Baisangbo), better known as Khedrup Je (Tibetan: མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེ་་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje), is well-known as one of the main disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa (founder of the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Not to be confused with Llama. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... The Geluk (dge lugs) School was founded by Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), Tibets best known religious reformer and arguably its greatest philosopher. ... Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tulku is the reincarnation of a lama or other spiritually significant figure. ... This article is about the theological concept. ... Amitabha Buddha pictured in the Ushiku Daibutsu in Japan Amitābha (Sanskrit: अमिताभः, Amitābhaḥ; Chinese: 阿彌陀佛, Ä’mítuó Fó; Japanese: 阿弥陀如来, Amida Nyorai; Vietnamese: 阿彌陀佛, A Di Ðà Phật; Tibetan: འོད་དཔག་མེད་; Lhasa dialect IPA: [; Mongolian: CaÉ£lasi ügei gerel-tü) is a celestial buddha described in the scriptures of the Mahāyāna school... Lozang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, (1617-1682), is one of only two Dalai Lamas formally titled Great. He initiated the construction of the fabulous Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. ... Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan; ZWPY: Lobsang Qoigyi Gyaicain) (1570–1662) was the fourth Panchen Lama of Tibet and the first to be accorded this title during his lifetime. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (Tibetan: ་མྷས་གྲུབ་དགེལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje Dge-legs Dpal-bzang-po; ZWPY: Kaichub Gêlêg Baisangbo), better known as Khedrup Je (Tibetan: མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེ་་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje), is well-known as one of the main disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa (founder of the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ...

There is a controversy about who is the true present (11th) incarnation of the Panchen Lama: the People's Republic of China asserts it is Qoigyijabu, while the Tibetan Government in Exile maintain it is Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, who was arrested at the age of six years by the Chinese in 1995. He then became the world's youngest political prisoner. Qoigyijabu (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་)(born February 13, 1990) is, according to the government of the Peoples Republic of China, the eleventh incarnation of the Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... Official language Tibetan Headquarters Dharamsala, India Head of State Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama Head of Government Professor Venerable Samdhong Rinpoche National Anthem Tibetan National Anthem, (Link) The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a government in exile headed by... One of the few known photos of the 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་; Wylie: Dge-dun Chos-kyi Nyi-ma; b. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

Relation to the Dalai Lama lineage

Thubten Chökyi Nyima, the 9th Panchen lama

The Panchen Lama bears part of the responsibility for finding the incarnation of the Dalai Lama and vice versa. In the case of the Panchen Lama, the religious procedures traditionally involve a final selection process by the Dalai Lama. This has been the tradition since the Fifth Dalai lama, Ngawang Lobsang, recognized his teacher as the Panchen (Great Scholar) Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery (Bkra-shis Lhung-po) in Shigatse (Gzhis-ka rtse). With this appointment, Lobsang Choekyi Gyaltsen's three previous incarnations were posthumously recognised as Panchen Lamas. The Fifth Dalai Lama also recognized Panchen Lobsang Yeshe (Blo-bzang Ye-shes) as the Fifth Panchen Lama. The Seventh Dalai Lama recognized the Sixth Panchen Lama, who in turn recognized the Eighth Dalai Lama. Similarly, the Eighth Dalai Lama recognised the Seventh Panchen Lama. [1] File links The following pages link to this file: Panchen Lama Erdeni Choskyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama ... File links The following pages link to this file: Panchen Lama Erdeni Choskyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama ... 9th Panchen Erdeni Thubten Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་; Wylie: Thub-bstan Chos-kyi Nyi-ma; ZWPY: Tubdain Qoigyi Nyima) (1883 – 1937), often referred to as Choekyi Nyima, was the 9th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... This article is about the Dalai Lama lineage. ... Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (Wylie transliteration: Blo-bzang Rgya-mtsho), (also Lobsang Gyatso) the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, (1617 – 1682), The fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso was a political and religious leader in seventeenth century Tibet. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Shigatse (Tibetan: གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་; Wylie transliteration: Gzhis-ka-rtse; Modified Wiley: gzhi-ka-rtse; pinyin (Tibetan): Xigazê; Chinese: 日喀则; pinyin: Rìkāzé, Zhigatse [Zhi-ga-tse], and Xigatse) is the second largest city in Tibet with a population of 80,000. ... Lobsang Yeshe (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Ye-shes) (1663 – 1737), also spelled Lobsang Yeshi, was the 5th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... Kelsang Gyatso (1708 – 1757), also spelled Kelzang Gyatso and Kezang Gyatso was the 7th Dalai Lama of Tibet. ... Lobsang Palden Yeshe (1738–1780) (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་གྤལ་ལྡན་ཡེ་ཤེས་་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Gpal-ldan Ye-shes; ZWPY: Lobsang Baidain Yêxê) was the Sixth Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. ... Jamphel Gyatso (1758 – 1804) was the 8th Dalai Lama of Tibet. ... Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782–1853) was the Seventh Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. ...

Choekyi Gyaltsen, the 10th Panchen Lama, was an important political figure in Tibet following the 14th Dalai Lama's escape to India in 1959. He was enthroned on June 11, 1949 in Amdo (Qinghai) under the auspice of Chinese officials after the KMT administration approved the selection of the reincarnation of the 9th Panchen Lama. ^[2] In 1954, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. However, during the Cultural Revolution in 1968 he was imprisoned; in 1977, he was released but held under house arrest in Beijing until 1982. In 1983, he married a Chinese woman and had a daughter, highly controversial behavior for a Gelug lama. In 1989, the 10th Panchen Lama died suddenly in Shigatse, Tibet at the age of 51, shortly after giving a speech critical of the Chinese occupation. His daughter, now a young woman, is Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo, better known as "Renji." Although some organizations have criticized the 10th Panchen Lama as a Chinese puppet (or worse), most scholars (and the 14th Dalai Lama) believe that he did the best that he could to help his people in an impossible situation. Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (February 19, 1938 – January 28, 1989) was the 10th Panchen Lama of Gelug Buddhism. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ... KMT might stand for: Kuomintang, is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议 Pinyin: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi), abbreviated CPPCC, is an advisory body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution [1] in the Peoples Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into wide-scale social, political, and economic chaos, which grew to include large sections of Chinese society and eventually brought the entire country to... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Peking redirects here. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Shigatse (Tibetan: གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་; Wylie transliteration: Gzhis-ka-rtse; Modified Wiley: gzhi-ka-rtse; pinyin (Tibetan): Xigazê; Chinese: 日喀则; pinyin: Rìkāzé, Zhigatse [Zhi-ga-tse], and Xigatse) is the second largest city in Tibet with a population of 80,000. ... Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo (尧西·班·仁吉旺姆, born 1983) is the only child of the 10th Panchen Lama of Tibet and Li Jie, a Han Chinese who was a doctor in the Peoples Liberation Army. ...

11th Panchen Lama

Following the unexpected death of the 10th Panchen Lama in 1989, the search for his reincarnation quickly became mired in political controversy. Chadrel Rinpoche, the head of the search committee, was able to secretly communicate with the Dalai Lama. However, after the Dalai Lama announced Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the new Panchen Lama, Chinese authorities arrested Chadrel Rinpoche, who was replaced with Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen. Sengchen had been a political opponent of the previous Panchen Lama, as had the Dalai Lama himself. The new search committee decided to ignore the Dalai Lama's announcement and choose the Panchen Lama from a list of finalists, which did not include Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, by drawing lots from the Golden Urn. Gyancain Norbu was announced as the search committee's choice on November 11, 1995. Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... One of the few known photos of the 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་; Wylie: Dge-dun Chos-kyi Nyi-ma; b. ... Qoigyijabu (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་)(born February 13, 1990) is, according to the government of the Peoples Republic of China, the eleventh incarnation of the Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

The whereabouts of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima are unknown. The Government of Tibet in Exile claims that he and his family continue to be political prisoners, and has termed him the "youngest political prisoner in the world". The Chinese government claims that he is attending school and leading a normal life somewhere in China, and that his whereabouts are kept undisclosed to protect him.^[3] A political prisoner is someone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image are deemed by a government to either challenge or threaten the authority of the state. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ...

List of Panchen Lamas

Traditionally, there were considered to be four "Indian" and three Tibetan incarnations before Khedrup Je, starting with Subhuti, one of the original disciples of Gautama Buddha.^[4][5] Then came Manjushrikirti, Bhavaviveka, Abhayakaragupta, Gö Lotsawa (the first Tibetan incarnation), Sakya Pandita and Yungtön Dorjepel. Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (Tibetan: ་མྷས་གྲུབ་དགེལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje Dge-legs Dpal-bzang-po; ZWPY: Kaichub Gêlêg Baisangbo), better known as Khedrup Je (Tibetan: མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེ་་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje), is well-known as one of the main disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa (founder of the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Subhuti (Chn: 須菩提) was one of the Buddha Shakyamunis Ten Major Disciples, a contemporary of such famous arhats as Sariputra, Mahakasyapa, Maudgalyayana, and Vimalakirti. ... Siddhartha and Gautama redirect here. ... Rigden Trakpa or Manjushríkírti, King of Shambhala Manjushrikirti or Manjughoshikirti (Skt. ... Bhavaviveka was the founder of the Svatantrika tradition of the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism. ... Abhayākaragupta Yogambara Abhayākaragupta (Wylie: jigs-med byung-gnas shas-pa) was born in the city of Gaur, West Bengal, in Eastern India, and is thought to have flourished in the late 11th-early 12th century CE, and died in 1125. ... Gö Lotsawa (Gö the Translator) Gö Lotsawa, Gos Khug-pa Lhas-btsas, Gö Kuk-ba-hlay-dzay, is also written as Khug-pa-Lhas-tsi, or simply Gos, was a famous Tibetan monk and translator (lotsāwa) in the 11th-12th century CE. He was born in the town of... Sakya Pandita (1182--1251) was a Tibetan sprititual leader and Buddhistscholar and the fourth of the Five Venerable Supreme Sakya Masters of Tibet. ... Yungtön Dorjepel Yungtön Dorjepel (Wylie: gYung-ston(pa) rdo-rje dpal) was born at Gorma (or Gurmo) near Shalu Monastery, in the province of Tsang, in 1284 CE into the family of a tantric priest of the Len clan. ...

Remarks: The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... The Peoples Republic of Chinas Tibetan Pinyin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zàngwén PÄ«nyÄ«n; Tibetan: བོད་ཡིག་གི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་) is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. ... Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (Tibetan: ་མྷས་གྲུབ་དགེལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje Dge-legs Dpal-bzang-po; ZWPY: Kaichub Gêlêg Baisangbo), better known as Khedrup Je (Tibetan: མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེ་་; Wylie: Mkhas-grub Rje), is well-known as one of the main disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa (founder of the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Sönam Choklang (1438–1505) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader. ... Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup (1505–1568) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader. ... Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan; ZWPY: Lobsang Qoigyi Gyaicain) (1570–1662) was the fourth Panchen Lama of Tibet and the first to be accorded this title during his lifetime. ... Lobsang Yeshe (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Ye-shes) (1663 – 1737), also spelled Lobsang Yeshi, was the 5th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... Lobsang Palden Yeshe (1738–1780) (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་གྤལ་ལྡན་ཡེ་ཤེས་་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Gpal-ldan Ye-shes; ZWPY: Lobsang Baidain Yêxê) was the Sixth Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. ... Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782–1853) was the Seventh Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. ... Tenpai Wangchuk (1855 – 1882), was the 8th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... 9th Panchen Erdeni Thubten Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་; Wylie: Thub-bstan Chos-kyi Nyi-ma; ZWPY: Tubdain Qoigyi Nyima) (1883 – 1937), often referred to as Choekyi Nyima, was the 9th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (February 19, 1938 – January 28, 1989) was the 10th Panchen Lama of Tibet. ... One of the few known photos of the 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་; Wylie: Dge-dun Chos-kyi Nyi-ma; b. ... Qoigyijabu (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་)(born February 13, 1990) is, according to the government of the Peoples Republic of China, the eleventh incarnation of the Panchen Lama of Tibet. ...

¹ The title Panchen Lama was conferred posthumously on the first three Panchen Lamas. There is some dispute about the numbering system. Hugh Richardson maintains that the Tibetans regard Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten as the First Panchen Lama (he was certainly the first to be given this title in his lifetime - by the Fifth Dalai Lama), while supporters of the Panchen Lama, including the Chinese, make him the Fourth Panchen Lama "to put him more on a level with the Dalai Lama."^[6] R. A. Stein reckons that Tibetans use the higher number, while European works use the lower, based on Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten as being the First Panchen Lama.^[7] Here we have used the higher numbering system, where the first three Panchen Lamas were given their titles posthumously, as this seems to be the most commonly used system nowadays. Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen (Tibetan: བློ་བཟང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་་; Wylie: Blo-bzang Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan; ZWPY: Lobsang Qoigyi Gyaicain) (1570–1662) was the fourth Panchen Lama of Tibet and the first to be accorded this title during his lifetime. ...

² The present incarnation of the Panchen Lama is disputed. The Dalai Lama recognises Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the Chinese government recognises Gyaicain Norbu as the incarnation of the 11th Panchen Lama. Exile Tibetan sources allege that Gedhun Choekyi Nyima was kidnapped by the Chinese government. State power within the government of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is divided among three bodies: the Communist Party of China, the state, and the Peoples Liberation Army, (PLA). ...

See also

• History of Tibet
• Reincarnation Application

Tibet is situated between the two ancient civilizations of China and India, but the tangled mountain ranges the Tibetan Plateau and the towering Himalayas serve to distance it from both. ... According to State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. ...

Footnotes

External links

• Tibet Society UK - The Background To The Panchen Lama
• BBC News article - "Tibet's missing spiritual guide"

An article from "China Tibetology" Nr. 3, published in English, with the title "An example for posterity: Celebrating the Seventh Anniversary of the search for and confirmation of the Eleventh Panchen"; it explains in detail the Chinese government's position on the search of reincarnations of the Panchen Lama:

• Preface
• The reincarnation of Living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism and the administration over Living Buddhas exercised by central governments
• The Grand Living Buddha Reincarnation System in the dGe-lugs-pa Sect and the Central Government Strengthening the Governing of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas
• A Successful Example in Searching and Confirming the Eleventh Panchen Lama Set for the Reincarnation of Grand Living Buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism in a New Historical Condition