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Encyclopedia > Pancreas Transplantation

A pancreas transplant is an organ transplant that involves implanting a healthy pancreas (one that can produce insulin) into a person who has diabetes. Typically, the recipient's existing pancreas is removed. The healthy pancreas comes from a donor who has just died or from a living relative. At present, pancreas transplants are usually performed in persons with insulin-dependent diabetes who have severe complications. Transplant redirects here. ... The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system that serves two major functions: exocrine (producing pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin). ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Kinship is a biological and/or familial relationship between two organisms. ...

Contents

Types

There are three main types of pancreas transplantation:

  • Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant, when the pancreas and kidney are transplanted simultaneously from the same deceased donor.
  • Pancreas-after-kidney transplant, when a cadaveric, or deceased, donor pancreas transplant is performed after a previous, and different, living or deceased donor kidney transplant.
  • Pancreas transplant alone, for the patient with type 1 diabetes who usually has severe, frequent hypoglycemia, but adequate kidney function.

Hypoglycemia (hypoglycæmia in the UK) is a medical term referring to a pathologic state produced by a lower than normal amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. ...

Indications

In most cases, pancreas transplantation is performed on individuals with type 1 diabetes with end-stage renal disease The majority of pancreas transplantations (>90%) are simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantions.[1] This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ...


Complications

Complications immedeately after surgery include rejection, thrombosis, pancreatitis and infection. Transplant rejection occurs when the immune system of the recipient of a transplant attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ... Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ...


Prognosis

The prognosis after pancreas transplantation is very good. Over the recent years, long-term success has improved and risks have decreased. One year after transplantation more than 95% of all patients are still alive and 80-85% of all pancreases are still functional. After transplantation patients need lifelong immunosuppression. Immunosuppression increases the risk for a number of different kinds of infection[2] and cancer. Immunosuppression is the medical suppression of the immune system. ...


History

The first pancreas transplantation was performed in 1966, three years after the first kidney transplantation.[3] A pancreas along with kidney and duodenum was transplanted into a 28-year-old woman and her blood sugar levels decreased immediately after transplantatiom, but eventually she died three months later from pulmonary embolism. In 1979 the first living-related partial pancreas transplantation was done.


References

  1. ^ Gruessner AC, Sutherland DE (2005). "Pancreas transplant outcomes for United States (US) and non-US cases as reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR) as of June 2004". Clin Transplant 19 (4): 433-55. PMID 16008587.
  2. ^ Fishman JA, Rubin RH (1998). "Infection in organ-transplant recipients". N Engl J Med 338 (24): 1741-51. PMID 9624195. Full text
  3. ^ Kelly WD, Lillehei RC, Merkel FK, Idezuki Y, Goetz FC (1967). "Allotransplantation of the pancreas and duodenum along with the kidney in diabetic nephropathy". Surgery 61 (6): 827-37. PMID 5338113.
  • Larsen JL (2004). "Pancreas transplantation: indications and consequences". Endocr Rev 25 (6): 919-46. PMID 15583023. Full text
  • International Pancreas transplantation Association
v • d • e
Organ transplants

Types of Transplants: Allograft - Alloplant - Allotransplantation - Autotransplantation - Xenotransplantation Transplant redirects here. ... An allograft is a transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically non-identical member of the same species. ... Alloplant is an experimental, chemically processed biomaterial used for transplantation. ... The transplantation of organs between members of the same species. ... Autotransplantation is the transplantation of tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual. ... Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from one species to another such as from pigs to humans. ...


Tissue and Organs Transplanted: Organ transplant - Bone grafting - Bone marrow - Corneal - Face - Hand - Heart - Heart-Lung - Kidney - Liver - Lung - Pancreas - Penis - Skin grafting - Spleen Transplant redirects here. ... Bone grafting is a surgical procedure where bone is taken from a donor site and implanted into the patient. ... Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure in the field of hematology and oncology that involves transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). ... Cornea Transplant Another Cornea Transplant, approximately one week after surgery. ... A face transplant is a skin graft that involves replacing part or all of a patients face with a donor face. ... Hand transplantation is a surgical procedure to transplant a hand from one human to another. ... Diagram illustrating the placement of a donor heart in an orthotopic procedure. ... A heart-lung transplant is a procedure carried out to replace both heart and lungs in a single operation. ... The donor kidney is typically placed inferior of the normal anatomical location. ... Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy liver allograft. ... An organ transplant is the transplantation of a whole or partial organ from one body to another (or from a donor site on the patients own body), for the purpose of replacing the recipients damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor site. ... Penis transplantation is a surgical transplant procedure in which a replacement penis, either one grown artificially (untested in humans) or from a deceased human donor (allograft), is transplanted onto a patient. ... Skin grafting is a type of organ transplant involving the transplantation of skin. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...


Related issues: Cellular memory - Biomedical tissue - Edmonton protocol - Eye bank - Graft-versus-host disease - Immunosuppressive drugs - Islet cell transplantation - Living donor liver transplantation - Lung allocation score - Machine perfusion - Medical grafting - Non-heart beating donation - Organ donation - Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder - Total body irradiation - Transplant rejection Cellular memory is the unproven hypothesis that such things as memories, habits, interests, and tastes may somehow be stored in all the cells of human bodies, and not only in the brain. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Edmonton Protocol is a method of implantation of pancreatic islets for the treatment of diabetes. ... Eye banks retrieve and store eyes for cornea transplants and research. ... Graft-versus-host disease is a common complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. ... For a list of immunosuppressive drugs, see the transplant rejection page. ... Microscopic image of an islet of Langerhans (lighter area) surrounded by exocrine pancreas tissue (darker staining) Islet transplantation is the transplantation of islets from a donor pancreas and into another person. ... Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has emerged in recent decades as a critical surgical option for patients with end stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma often attributable to one or more of the following: long-term alcohol abuse, long-term untreated Hepatitis C infection, long-term... The lung allocation score or LAS is a numerical value used by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to assign relative priority for distributing donated lungs for transplantation within the United States. ... Machine perfusion (MP) is a technique used in organ transplantation as a means of preserving the organs which are to be transplanted. ... In medicine, grafting is a surgical procedure to transplant tissue without a blood supply. ... Introduction Prior to the introduction of brain-stem death into law in the mid to late 1970s, all organ transplants from cadaveric donors came from non-heart beating donors (NHBD). ... Organ donation is the removal of specific tissues of the human body from a person who has recently died, or from a living donor, for the purpose of transplanting or grafting them into other persons. ... Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the name given to a group of B cell lymphomas occurring in immunosuppressed patients following organ transplant. ... Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is a radiotherapy technique used to ablate the bone marrow and immune system prior to bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. ... Transplant rejection occurs when the immune system of the recipient of a transplant attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. ...


Organizations related to Transplants: Human Tissue Authority - National Marrow Donor Program - United Network for Organ Sharing The Human Tissue Authority is a UK public body created by the Human Tissue Act 2004. ... The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is a nonprofit organization based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, that operates the largest national registry of volunteer hematopoietic cell donors in the United States. ... Located in Richmond, Virginia, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is a non-profit, scientific and educational organization that administers the nations only Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), established by the U.S. Congress in 1984. ...


People related to transplants: Christiaan Barnard - Isabelle Dinoire - Jean-Michel Dubernard - Gregory Scott Johnson - List of notable organ transplant donors and recipients Christiaan Neethling Barnard (November 8, 1922 – September 2, 2001) was a South African cardiac surgeon. ... Isabelle Dinoire, born 1967, was the first person to undergo a partial face transplant, after her dog mauled her in May 2005. ... Jean-Michel Dubernard is a medical doctor specializing in transplant surgery, as well as a Deputy in the current French National Assembly. ... Gregory Scott Johnson was legally executed for murder in 2005 for having beaten and stomped his 82-year-old neighbor, Ruby Hutslar, to death in 1985. ... This list of notable organ transplant donors and recipients includes people who were the first to undergo certain organ transplant procedures or were people who made significant contributions to their chosen field and who have either donated or received an organ transplant at some point in their lives, as confirmed...


  Results from FactBites:
 
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pancreas transplant (539 words)
A pancreas transplant is surgery to implant a healthy pancreas from a donor into a patient with diabetes.
The donor pancreas is usually inserted in the right lower portion of the patient's abdomen and attachments are made to the patient's blood vessels.
A pancreas transplant may be recommended for people with pancreatic disease, especially if they have type 1 diabetes and poor kidney function.
Transplant Surgery- Pancreas Transplant Program (603 words)
Pancreas transplantation should be considered an acceptable treatment option for Type 1 diabetics with kidney failure who have had or plan to have a kidney transplant.
In the absence of indications for kidney transplantation, pancreas transplantation should only be considered in insulin dependant diabetics who have a history of frequent acute, and severe metabolic complications requiring medical attention, such as frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or hyperglycemia.
The new pancreas is transplanted with a portion of small intestine which drains the digestive enzymes of the pancreas.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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