Illustration of Pang De in a scene during the Battle of Fancheng from a Qing Dynasty edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Names
Simplified Chinese:	庞德
Traditional Chinese:	龐德
Pinyin:	Páng Dé
Wade-Giles:	P'ang Te
Zi:	Lingming (令明)

Pang De (? – 219) was a prominent general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. He was noted for his loyalty when he refused to surrender after he was captured by the enemy general Guan Yu at the Battle of Fancheng. He was then executed. Image File history File linksMetadata Pang_De_Portrait. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Pang_De_Portrait. ... The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Simplified Chinese: 三国演义; Traditional Chinese: 三國演義; Pinyin: sānguó yÇŽnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms period (220-280). ... Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western culture. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell(ing) and yin means sound(s)). This article describes the most common variant called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ... Events Legio III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Roman Emperor Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel. ... Warlord is a term that refers to one who has de facto military control of a subnational area, due to armed forces which are personally obedient to — somewhat circularly — that warlord. ... Cao Cao (曹操; Pinyin: Cáo Cāo) (155 – 220), whose name is also often transliterated and should be correctly pronounced as Tsao Tsao, was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese characters: 三國, Simplified Chinese characters: 三国, pinyin Sānguó) is a period in the History of China. ... Guan Yu (關羽)(160–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ...

Life

Pang De initially served under Ma Teng, a warlord occupying northwestern China. He participated in many campaigns, during which he displayed extraordinary valour. After Ma Teng died in 211, his son Ma Chao launched an offensive against Cao Cao but ultimately lost. Pang De then followed Ma Chao to Hanzhong, where the latter submitted to the governor Zhang Lu (张鲁). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... MÇŽ Chāo (馬超, 176-222), courtesy name Mengqi (å­Ÿèµ·), was the eldest son of Ma Teng and a general of the Three Kingdoms Period. ... Cao Cao (曹操; Pinyin: Cáo Cāo) (155 – 220), whose name is also often transliterated and should be correctly pronounced as Tsao Tsao, was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han... Hanzhong (Simplified Chinese: 汉中; Traditional Chinese: 漢中; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hanchung) is a city in Shaanxi province, in central China. ... Zhang Lu (张鲁) (??? - ???) was the controller of Hanzhong shortly before the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history. ...

After Cao Cao took down Hanzhong, Ma Chao left to seek service under Liu Bei. Pang De, however, surrendered to Cao Cao together with many others. Well aware of Pang De's valour in battle, Cao Cao made him Liyi General (立义将军). Liú Bèi (Chinese: 劉備; Pinyin: Liú Bèi) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé(玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

In 219, Pang De was ordered to garrison at Fancheng (a district of present day Xiangfan, Hubei), together with Cao Ren and Yu Jin, against the invasion of the enemy general Guan Yu. Many in the city suspected the allegiance of Pang De because his elder brother Pang Rou (庞柔) was serving under the rival Liu Bei. However, Pang De proved his loyalty by battling personally with Guan Yu, and forcing him to actually retreat several times. On one occasion, an arrow he fired even planted itself in Guan Yu's helm. By this time Pang De was widely known among the enemy troops as General White Horse, from the white steed he often rode. And he was thought of as the only general aside from Zhang Liao who could prove a match to Guan Yu. The Battle of Fancheng was fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... Xiangfan (Simplified Chinese: 襄樊; Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in Hubei province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Cao Ren (168 – 223) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Yu Jin (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Guan Yu (關羽)(160–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ... Liú Bèi (Chinese: 劉備; Pinyin: Liú Bèi) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé(玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

After two weeks of heavy rain, the Han River next to Fancheng flooded. Pang De and his men sought refuge on a dam outside the city walls. Guan Yu's troops fired upon them from large ships in the middle of the river, while Pang De fired back with amazing accuracy. Two aides of Pang De, Dong Heng (董衡) and Dong Chao (董超), then intended to surrender. Pang De had them both executed on the spot. Han River is the name of four unrelated rivers: Han River, or Han Gang, is a river in Korea, passing through Seoul and entering the Yellow Sea Han River, or Han Shui, is a tributary of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central China Han River, or Han Jiang, is...

The battle dragged from morning into the afternoon and Guan Yu's attacks became more ferocious. Out of arrows, Pang De and his troops then engaged their enemies in hand to hand combat. The water level was still rising and most of Pang De's force had surrendered. With only three men, Pang De tried to row back to the city on a small boat, which was capsized.

When he was captured and brought before Guan Yu, Pang De refused to kneel. Guan Yu tried to persuade him to surrender, but Pang De cursed and swore at his captor, who then had him executed. When Cao Cao heard of Pang De's death, he was moved to tears. Pang De was later given the posthumous title of Marquis Zhuang (壮侯), literally meaning the robust marquis.

Pang De was survived by four sons, including Pang Hui, who also served a military post under the Kingdom of Wei. The son of the general Pang De. ... The Kingdom of Wei (ch. ...

Pang De in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, was a romanticization of the events that occurred before and during the Three Kingdoms period. Pang De made his first appearance in Chapter 58 as a trusted senior officer of Ma Teng and his son Ma Chao. When Ma Chao had a dream, in which he was attacked by a pack of tigers in a snowy land, he consulted Pang De, who thought that it was a bad omen. True enough, they soon heard news of the death of Ma Teng, who was away in Xuchang planning a coup against Cao Cao. Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Simplified Chinese: 三国演义; Traditional Chinese: 三國演義; Pinyin: sānguó yÇŽnyì), written by Luó Guànzhōng in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms period (220-280). ... A historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Traditional Chinese characters: 三國, Simplified Chinese characters: 三国, pinyin Sānguó) is a period in the History of China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... MÇŽ Chāo (馬超, 176-222), courtesy name Mengqi (å­Ÿèµ·), was the eldest son of Ma Teng and a general of the Three Kingdoms Period. ... Xuchang (Simplified Chinese: 许昌; Traditional Chinese: 許昌; pinyin: Xǔchāng), with a population of over 4 million people, is a city in Henan Province, China. ... Cao Cao (曹操; Pinyin: Cáo Cāo) (155 – 220), whose name is also often transliterated and should be correctly pronounced as Tsao Tsao, was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han...

The subsequent events more or less adhere to what is historically true. When it came to the Battle of Fancheng, however, the novel again deviates away from history to give a much more sentimental and exaggerated story on Pang De. The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ...

It was written that the city of Fancheng was besieged by the enemy general Guan Yu. Pang De then volunteered to command the vanguard force of the relief army to be sent to its help. Cao Cao was delighted and granted him the post. The Battle of Fancheng was fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... Guan Yu (關羽)(160–219) was a military general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...

Later, however, others advised Cao Cao to retrieve the order as Ma Chao, former lord of Pang De, and Pang De's elder brother both served Liu Bei. Cao Cao then called for Pang De, who knelt and knocked his head against the floor till his face was covered in blood. Seeing such sincerity in his general, Cao Cao then had no more doubts. Liú Bèi (Chinese: 劉備; Pinyin: Liú Bèi) (161 – 223), courtesy name Xuándé(玄徳), was a powerful warlord and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Shu during the Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

Pang De then ordered a wooden coffin, which he brought along to Fancheng as an expression of his determination to win the battle or lose his life. Outside Fancheng, Pang De engaged Guan Yu in a one-on-one duel, which ended in a tie after more than a hundred bouts.

The next day, the two generals rode forward to challenge each other again. After more than fifty bouts, Pang De feigned retreat and fired an arrow at the pursuing Guan Yu. The arrow hit its target on his left arm. Pang De then spun around and rushed forward to finish his enemy. However, Yu Jin, chief commander of the relief army, did not wish his subordinate to receive such high credits and ordered the retreat signals be sounded. The chance was then missed and Guan Yu was escorted back to his camp. Yu Jin (? – 220) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. ...

Heavy rain then began to fall ceaselessly for many days, causing the Han River to flood. Pang De and his five hundred foot soldiers took refuge on a section of dam and withstood the enemies on boats. His force gradually decimated till only he was left fighting. Jumping onto a boat, Pang De then attempted to row to the city. Han River is the name of four unrelated rivers: Han River, or Han Gang, is a river in Korea, passing through Seoul and entering the Yellow Sea Han River, or Han Shui, is a tributary of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central China Han River, or Han Jiang, is...

However, Zhou Cang (周仓), an enemy warrior, came along in a raft and capsized Pang De's boat. He then jumped into the water and captured Pang De. When brought to Guan Yu, Pang De refused to kneel. He cursed and swore at his captors when asked to surrender. Guan Yu then had him beheaded. Seeing Pang De's fearlessness before death, Guan Yu was moved and gave him a proper burial. Zhou Cang was a fictional character created by Luo Guanzhong in his Romance of the Three Kingdoms . ...

References

• Chen Shou (2002). San Guo Zhi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5.
• Luo Guanzhong (1986). San Guo Yan Yi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80520-013-0.
• Lo Kuan-chung; tr. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor (2002). Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3467-9.

See also

• Three Kingdoms
• Personages of the Three Kingdoms
• Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms