The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan: salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense) belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is spoken by more than two million Pangasinan people in the province of Pangasinan, in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States. Pangasinan is the primary language in the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf. It is the language spoken by most people in central Pangasinan. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... The Borneo-Philippines languages (or Outer Hesperonesian or Outer Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which include the languages of the Philippines, much of Borneo, the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, and Madagascar, as outlined in Wouk and Ross (2002). ... Writing systems of the world today. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... The Filipino alphabet (officially Makabagong alpabetong Filipino; English: Modern Filipino alphabet) is made up of 28 letters, which includes the entire 21-letter set of the Abakada (including ng) and 8 letters from the Spanish alphabet (namely C, F, J, Ñ, Q, V, X and Z). ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... See also Pangasinan The Pangasinan people or Pangasinense (a hispanicized term) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

The Pangasinan language is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines. The total population of the province of Pangasinan is 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in Pangasinan is 1.5 million.

Classification

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message. This article has been tagged since February 2007.

The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is similar to the Tagalog and Ilocano languages that are spoken in the Philippines, Indonesian in Indonesia, Malay in Malaysia, and Malagasy in Madagascar. The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, located north of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are: Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... The Malay language (Malay: Bahasa Melayu; Jawi script: بهاس ملايو), is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, parts of the coast of Borneo and even in the Netherlands[1]. It is an official... The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. ... Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... The City of Baguio (Ilokano: Ciudad ti Baguio; Filipino: Lungsod ng Baguio) is a 1st class highly urbanized city in northern Luzon in the Philippines. ...

• Pangasinan
• Ibaloi
• Karao
• I-wak
• Kalanguya
• Keley-I
• Kallahan
• Kayapa
• Kallahan
• Tinoc

The Pangasinic languages are spoken primarily in the provinces of Pangasinan and Benguet, and in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Ifugao. The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. ... Pangasinan is a province of the Philippines located on the west coast of the island of Luzon off Lingayen Gulf. ... Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ... Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ...

Pangasinan is an agglutinative language. An agglutinative language is a language in which the words are formed by joining morphemes together. ...

Distribution

Pangasinan is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 1.5 million speak Pangasinan. Speakers of the language are concentrated mostly in central Pangasinan. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Benguet, and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines. ... Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ... Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. ...

History

Austronesian-language speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language are descended from these prehistoric settlers, who were probably part of the prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Africa about 100 to 200 thousand years ago. The Austronesian languages are a family of languages widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Malay Archipelago. ... Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ... Net migration rates for 2006: positive (blue) and negative (orange) Human migration denotes any movement by humans from one locality to another (migration), often over long distances or in large groups. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

The word Pangasinan, means “land of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from the root word asin, the word for "salt" in the Pangasinan language. Pangasinan could also refer to a “container of salt or salted-products”; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.

Grammar

Sentence Structure

Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages, Pangasinan language has a Verb–Subject–Object word order. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... Verb Subject Object—commonly used in its abbreviated form VSO—is a term in linguistic typology. ...

Pronouns

Personal

Demonstrative Pronouns

Enclitic Particles

Existential

Interrogative Words

Numbers

The following lists the numbers from one to ten in English, Tagalog , Ilokano and Pangasinan. Philippine English is the variery of English used in the Republic of the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

Phonology

Traditional Pangasinan has fifteen consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are five vowels: a, e, i, o, and u. This is one of the Philippine languages which is excluded from [ɾ]-[d] allophone. Modern Pangasinan has incorporated from English and Spanish the following seven consonants: c, f, j, q, v, x, and z.

Alphabet

Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan letter NG: The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...

Capital letters or majuscules (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Look up B, b in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up C, c in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up D, d in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up E, e in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up F, f in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. ... Look up H, h in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... J# redirects here for technical reasons; see J Sharp. ... Look up K, k in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up L, l in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up M, m in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up N, n in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ng is a Cantonese and Hakka transliteration of the Chinese surnames 吳/吴 (Pinyin: Wú) and 伍 (Pinyin: Wǔ), and Hokkien and Teochew transliteration of the Chinese surname 黃/黄 (Pinyin: Huáng). ... Look up O, o in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up P, p in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Q, q in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up R, r in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up S, s in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Its name in English is tee . ... Look up U, u in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up V, v in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up W, w in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up X, x in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ...

Orthography

See also: Filipino orthography

Pangasinan already had a writing system before the arrival of Europeans in 1571. The ancient Pangasinan alibata script is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script and the Javanese Kavi script of Indonesia; it was probably influenced by the Brahmi script and Tamil script of ancient India. The Filipino alphabet (officially Makabagong alpabetong Filipino; English: Modern Filipino alphabet) is made up of 28 letters, which includes the entire 21-letter set of the Abakada (including ng) and 8 letters from the Spanish alphabet (namely C, F, J, Ñ, Q, V, X and Z). ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Baybayin (sometimes called Alibata) is a pre-Hispanic Tagalog writing system that originated from the Javanese script Kavi. ... The Javanese language is the spoken language of the people in the central and eastern part of the island of Java, in Indonesia. ... Kavi is the oldest script of Javanese language, and is derived from the Indic Brahmi. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas used in South Asia and Southeast Asia. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

The Latin alphabet was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived. The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Pangasinan Literature

The Pangasinan language was preserved and kept alive despite the propagation of the Spanish and English languages. Pangasinan written and oral literature flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejia, and Maria C. Magsano continued to write and publish in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas (Revolucion Filipina), a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola, a short love story. Juan Villamil translated Jose Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong, a news magazine, in the 1920s. Mejia also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal, a biography of Jose Rizal. Maria C. Magsano published Silew, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan, a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.

Many Pangasinans are multilingual and proficient in English; Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines; and Ilokano, a neighboring language. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Some Pangasinans are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Wikipedia was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication in the Internet. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

Pangasinan Folk Song: Malinak lay Labi

Malinak lay Labi
A night of calm
Oras la’y mareen
An hour of peace

Mapalpalna’y dagem
A gentle breeze
Katekep to’y linaew
Along with it is the dew

Samit da’y kugip ko
So sweet is my dream
Binangonan kon tampol
Right away I awake

Lapu’d say limgas mo
Because of your beauty
Sikan sika’y amamayoen
You are the only one I will love

Lalo la bilay
Best of all, my life
No sika la’y nanengne'ng
When I see you

Napunas lan amin
All wiped away
So ermen ya akbibiten
The sorrows that I bear

No nanonotan
When I remember
Ko la'y samit day ugalim
Your sweet kindness

Ag ta ka nalingwanan
I will not forget you
Angga’d kauyos na bilay
Till life is gone

Examples

Loan Words

Common Expressions

Dictionaries and further reading

The following is a list of some dictionaries and references:

• Lorenzo Fernández Cosgaya. Diccionario pangasinán-español and Vocabulario hispano-pangasinán (Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.
• Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario castellano-pangasinán (1898).
• Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan (1904).
• Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927).
• Corporación de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951).
• Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961).
• Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968).
• Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
• Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
• Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
• Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972).
• Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975).
• Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976).
• Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981).
• Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982).
• Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983).
• Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993).
• Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n.d.). Includes translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus."
• Emiliano Jovellanos. Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Dictionary (2002). The compilation has 20,000 entries.
• Traditional Folk Song. Malinak Lay Labi (Calm is the Night).

References

See also

• Pangasinan
• Pangasinan people
• Pangasinan literature
• Languages of the Philippines
• Malayo-Polynesian
• Sumerian language
• Swadesh list

Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... See also Pangasinan The Pangasinan people or Pangasinense (a hispanicized term) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. ... There are over 170 languages in the Philippines; almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... Sumerian ( native tongue) was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia from at least the 4th millennium BCE. It was gradually replaced by Akkadian as a spoken language in the beginning of the 2nd millenium BCE, but continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific... A Swadesh list is one of several prescribed lists of basic meanings and vocabulary developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940-50s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating). ...

External links

Pangasinan language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Ethnologue Report for Pangasinan
• Sunday Punch
• Sun Star Pangasinan
• Pangasinan Star
• Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
• Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature
• Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)