 Panopticon blueprint by Jeremy Bentham, 1791 The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century. The concept of the design is to allow an observer to observe (-opticon) all (pan-) prisoners without the prisoners being able to tell if they are being observed or not, thus conveying a "sentiment of an invisible omniscience." In his own words, Bentham described the Panopticon as "a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example."[1] The Panopticon is a circular prison envisioned and advocated by Jeremy Bentham Panopticon may also refer to: Panopticon (UCL building), named in reference to the above A term used to describe the universal availability of world imagery, collected via camera and video surveillance. ...
Panopticon This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Panopticon This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Jeremy Bentham (IPA: ) (26 February [O.S. 15 February 15] 1748) – June 6, 1832) was an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. ...
All Saints Chapel in the Cathedral Basilica of St. ...
Omniscience is the capacity to know everything infinitely, or at least everything that can be known about a character including thoughts, feelings, life and the universe, etc. ...
Conceptual history - "Morals reformed - health preserved - industry invigorated - instruction diffused - public burthens lightened - Economy seated, as it were, upon a rock - the gordian knot of the poor-law not cut, but untied - all by a simple idea in Architecture!"[2]
Bentham derived the idea from the plan of a military school in Paris designed for easy supervision, itself conceived by his brother Samuel who arrived at it as a solution to the complexities involved in the handling of large numbers of men. Bentham supplemented this principle with the idea of contract management; that is, an administration by contract as opposed to trust, where the director would have a pecuniary interest in lowering the average rate of mortality. The Panopticon was intended to be cheaper than the prisons of his time, as it required fewer staff; "Allow me to construct a prison on this model," Bentham requested to a Committee for the Reform of Criminal Law, "I will be the gaoler. You will see ... that the gaoler will have no salary -- will cost nothing to the nation." As the watchmen cannot be seen, they need not be on duty at all times, effectively leaving the watching to the watched. According to Bentham's design, the prisoners would also be used as menial labour walking on wheels to spin looms or run a water wheel. This would decrease the cost of the prison and give a possible source of income.[3] Alexander cuts the Gordian Knot, by Jean-Simon Berthélemy (1743–1811) The Gordian Knot is a legend associated with Alexander the Great. ...
This article deals chiefly with the English Poor Laws covering England and Wales. ...
There are three types of military academies: High school level institutions (up to age 19), university level institutions, and those only serving to prepare officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of a state ( such as RMA Sandhurst ). United States usage The term Military School primarily refers to (middle...
This article is about the capital of France. ...
Samuel Bentham Sir Samuel Bentham (11 January 1757 - 31 May 1831) was a noted mechanical engineer credited with numerous innovations, particularly related to naval architecture, including weapons. ...
Bentham devoted a large part of his time and almost his whole fortune to promote the construction of a prison based on his scheme. After many years and innumerable political and financial difficulties, he eventually obtained a favourable sanction from Parliament for the purchase of a place to erect the prison, but in 1811 after Prime Minister Spencer Perceval (1809-1812)[4] refused to authorise the purchase of the land, the project was finally abandoned. In 1813 he was awarded a sum of £23,000 in compensation for his monetary loss which did little to alleviate Bentham's ensuing unhappiness. The House of Representatives Chamber of the Parliament of Australia in Canberra. ...
For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ...
Spencer Perceval (1 November 1762 – 11 May 1812) was a British statesman and Prime Minister. ...
Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
While the design did not come to fruition during Bentham's time, it has been seen as an important development. For instance, the design was invoked by Michel Foucault (in Discipline and Punish) as metaphor for modern "disciplinary" societies and its pervasive inclination to observe and normalise. Foucault proposes that not only prisons but all hierarchical structures like the army, the school, the hospital and the factory have evolved through history to resemble Bentham's Panopticon. The notoriety of the design today (although not its lasting influence in architectural realities) stems from Foucault's famous analysis of it. Michel Foucault (pronounced ) (October 15, 1926 – June 25, 1984) was a French philosopher, historian and sociologist. ...
Discipline and Punish (subtitled The Birth of the Prison) is a book written by the philosopher Michel Foucault. ...
A hierarchy (in Greek: , derived from — hieros, sacred, and — arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is a subordinate to a single other element. ...
Panoptic prison design
 Prison Presidio Modelo, Inside one of the buildings - December 2005 The architecture Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 536 pixelsFull resolution (1840 × 1232 pixel, file size: 493 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The prison Presidio Modelo on the island Isla de la Juventud (Cuba) where Fidel Castro was hold prisoned in 1953. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 536 pixelsFull resolution (1840 × 1232 pixel, file size: 493 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The prison Presidio Modelo on the island Isla de la Juventud (Cuba) where Fidel Castro was hold prisoned in 1953. ...
The Presidio Modelo was a model prison in Cuba on the former Isla de Pinos (now the Isla de Juventud). Categories: Buildings and structures stubs ...
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Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 536 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,840 × 1,232 pixels, file size: 760 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
incorporates a tower central to a circular building that is divided into cells, each cell extending the entire thickness of the building to allow inner and outer windows. The occupants of the cells are thus backlit, isolated from one another by walls, and subject to scrutiny both collectively and individually by an observer in the tower who remains unseen. Toward this end, Bentham envisioned not only venetian blinds on the tower observation ports but also maze-like connections among tower rooms to avoid glints of light or noise that might betray the presence of an observer Venetian blind detail, showing how slats are connected Cat tangled in miniblinds A window blind is a covering for a window, usually attached to the interior side of a window. ...
—Ben and Marthalee Barton [5] The Panopticon is widely, but erroneously, believed to have influenced the design of Pentonville Prison in North London, Armagh Gaol in Northern Ireland, and Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia. These, however, were Victorian examples of the Separate system, which was more about prisoner isolation than prisoner surveillance; in fact, the separate system makes surveillance quite difficult. No true panopticons were built in Britain during Bentham's lifetime, and very few anywhere in the British Empire. HMP Pentonville Pentonville Prison in 1842 HM Prison Pentonville is a prison built in 1842 in North London. ...
The Eastern State Penitentiary is a former state prison in the United States. ...
Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ...
Many modern prisons built today are built in a "podular" design influenced by the Panopticon design, in intent and basic organization if not in exact form. As compared to traditional "cellblock" designs, in which rectangular buildings contain tiers of cells one atop the other in front of a walkway along which correctional officers patrol, modern prisons are often constructed with triangular or trapezoidal-shaped buildings known as "pods" or "modules". In these designs, cells are laid out in three or fewer tiers arrayed around an elevated central control station which affords a single correctional officer full view of all cells within either a 270º or 180º field of view (180º is usually considered a closer level of supervision). Control of cell doors, CCTV monitors, and communications are all conducted from the control station. The correctional officer, depending on the level of security, may be armed with nonlethal and lethal weapons to cover the pod as well. Increasingly, meals, laundry, commissary items and other goods and services are dispatched directly to the pods or individual cells. These design points, whatever their deliberate or incidental psychological and social effects, serve to maximize the number of prisoners that can be controlled and monitored by one individual, reducing staffing; as well as restricting prisoner movement as tightly as possible.
Panopticon-inspired prisons - Carabanchel Prison – Madrid, Spain
- Caseros Prison – Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Chi Hoa – Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Huron Historic Gaol - Goderich, Canada
- Koepelgevangenis (Arnhem) – Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Koepelgevangenis (Breda) - Breda, The Netherlands
- Koepelgevangenis (Haarlem) - Haarlem, The Netherlands
- Millbank Prison – London, United Kingdom
- Modelo Prison – Barcelona, Spain
- Mount Eden Prisons - Auckland, New Zealand
- Old Provost - Grahamstown, South Africa
- Panóptico - Bogotá Prison (today the National Museum of Colombia)
- Pelican Bay State Prison – Del Norte County, California, USA.
- Port Arthur, Tasmania Prison Colony - Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia
- Presidio Modelo – Isla de la Juventud , Cuba
- Round House - Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Stateville Correctional Center – Crest Hill, Illinois, USA.
- Twin Towers Correctional Facility – Los Angeles, California, USA
- Insein Prison - Insein, Burma
This article is about the Spanish capital. ...
Northeastern view of Caseros, March 2006 Western semi-opaque window grids of Caseros, reflecting the sun, March, 2006 The Caseros Prison (in Spanish, Cárcel de Caseros) is a prison in Parque Patricios, a neighborhood in the southern part of Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ...
Photograph of an image at the War Remnants Museum in Ho Chi Minh City. ...
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The Huron Historic Gaol was established in 1842 as the gaol for Huron County in Ontario. ...
Goderich (pronounced either God-rich or God-er-ich) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. ...
This article is about the Dutch city and municipality. ...
Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy - Queen Beatrix - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War - Declared July 26, 1581 - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain...
Grote Kerk (main church) or Onze Lieve Vrouwe Kerk (Church of Our Lady). ...
Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy - Queen Beatrix - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War - Declared July 26, 1581 - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain...
Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006) - Municipality 32. ...
Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy - Queen Beatrix - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War - Declared July 26, 1581 - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain...
Millbank Prison was a large prison built in Millbank, Pimlico, London. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...
Part of the Mount Eden Prison exterior. ...
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Grahamstown from Fort Selwyn Grahamstown is a city in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa and is the seat of the Makana municipality. ...
For other uses, see Bogotá (disambiguation). ...
The National Museum of Colombia is a museum located in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. ...
Aerial view of Pelican Bay State Prison. ...
Del Norte County is Californias northwesternmost county, located on the Pacific coast south of Oregon. ...
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The iconic view of the penitentiary originally built as a flour mill, across the water. ...
The iconic view of the penitentiary originally built as a flour mill, across the water. ...
The Presidio Modelo was a model prison in Cuba on the former Isla de Pinos (now the Isla de Juventud). Categories: Buildings and structures stubs ...
The Isla de la Juventud (Spanish) or Isle of Youth (English) is the largest island of Cuba after Cuba proper. ...
The Round House For other meanings, see Roundhouse (disambiguation). ...
“Fremantle†redirects here. ...
Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 15 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06) - Product ($m) $107,910 (4th) - Product per capita $53,134/person...
Stateville Correctional Center is a maximum security state prison for men near Joliet, Illinois, USA. Opened in 1925, it was built to accommodate 1,506 inmates, but now holds an average of over 2,700, at an annual cost of over $33,000 per prisoner. ...
Crest Hill is a city in Will County, Illinois, United States. ...
Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ...
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Insein Prison (pronounced like insane) is located in Yangon Division, near Yangon (Rangoon), the capital of Myanmar. ...
Insein is a city located north of Yangon, in Myanmar. ...
Other panoptic structures The Panopticon has been suggested as an "open" hospital architecture: "Hospitals required knowledge of contacts, contagions, proximity and crowding... at the same time to divide space and keep it open, assuring a surveillance which is both global and individualising", 1977 interview (preface to French edition of Jeremy Bentham's "Panopticon").[citation needed] For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ...
The Worcester State Hospital, constructed in the late 19th century extensively employed panoptic structures to allow more efficient observation of the inmates. It was considered a model facility at the time.
The only industrial building ever to be built on the Panopticon principle was the Round Mill in Belper, Derbyshire, England. Constructed in 1811 it fell into disuse by the beginning of the twentieth century and was demolished in 1959. [6]
Contemporary social critics often assert that technology has allowed for the deployment of panoptic structures invisibly throughout society. Surveillance by closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in public spaces is an example of a technology that brings the gaze of a superior into the daily lives of the populace. Further, Middlesbrough, a town in the North of England, has put loudspeakers to the CCTV cameras. They can transmit the voice of a camera supervisor.[7][8] By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ...
For other uses, see Surveillance (disambiguation). ...
This article refers to a surveillance system. ...
Middlesborough redirects here. ...
CCTV surveillance is similar to the methods used in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four by the thought police to control the citizenry. At any moment, a person may or may not be being observed via a telescreen, though whether one is being watched at any given moment is unknown to that person. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ...
This article is about the Orwell novel. ...
OBrien (seen here played by André Morell in the 1954 television adaption), a secret Thought Police agent The Thought Police (thinkpol in Newspeak) is the secret police in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...
Big Brothers face looms on giant telescreens in Victory Square Telescreens are featured in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...
In the 2004 video game Silent Hill 4: The Room, there is a prison that is seemingly based on the Panopticon design. The 1998 video game Sanitarium features a mental asylum designed as Panopticon. Sanitarium is a point-and-click adventure game released in 1998 by ASC Games. ...
A psychiatric hospital (also called a mental hospital or asylum) is a hospital specializing in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ...
Many networks in schools and businesses now employ monitoring technologies to create a panoptic atmosphere.
Criticism The growth of panoptic monitoring technologies has provoked backlashes by privacy advocates. However, some observers argue that these technologies don't always favor the hierarchical structure outlined by Orwell, Bentham and Foucault, but can also enable individuals, through inverse surveillance or sousveillance, to appropriate technological tools for individual or public purposes. Still others predict a balanced state of a universal "participatory panopticon" in which there is an equiveillance, or equilibrium of monitoring and control structures between parties. Sousveillance as a Situationist critique of surveillance. ...
Equiveillance is the balance between surveillance and sousveillance. ...
References - ^ Bentham, Jeremy. Panopticon (Preface). In Miran Bozovic (ed.), The Panopticon Writings, London: Verso, 1995, 29-95.
- ^ Jeremy Bentham. Panopticon. In Miran Bozovic (ed.), The Panopticon Writings, London: Verso, 1995, 29-95.
- ^ In Miran Bozovic (ed.), The Panopticon Writings, London: Verso, 1995, 29-95.
- ^ 10 Downing Street - Prime Ministers in History
- ^ Barton, Ben F., and Marthalee S. Barton. "Modes of Power in Technical and Professional Visuals." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 7.1, 1993, 138-62.
- ^ Farmer, Adrian, Belper and Milford, Tempus Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2004, 119.
- ^ Cameras Help Stop Crime The Hoya, September 22, 2006
- ^ 2006, But Has 1984 Finally Arrived? Indymedia UK, 19 September 2006
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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also Discipline and Punish (subtitled The Birth of the Prison) is a book written by the philosopher Michel Foucault. ...
Michel Foucault (pronounced ) (October 15, 1926 – June 25, 1984) was a French philosopher, historian and sociologist. ...
Big Brother as portrayed in the BBCs 1954 production of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...
This article is about the Orwell novel. ...
Big Brother is a reality television format. ...
// This article is about the genre of TV shows. ...
The ring of steel is the popular name for the security and surveillance cordon surrounding the City of London, installed to combat IRA and other terrorist threats. ...
Governmentality was a concept developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault in the later years of his life, roughly between 1979 and his death in 1984, particularly in his lectures at the Collège de France during this time. ...
Biopower was a term originally coined by French philosopher Michel Foucault to refer to the practice of modern states and their regulation of their subjects through an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations. Foucault first used it in his...
Information Awareness Office seal The Information Awareness Office (IAO) was established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense, in January 2002 to bring together several DARPA projects focused on applying information technology to counter transnational threats to...
A closed-circuit television camera. ...
Omniscience is the capacity to know everything infinitely, or at least everything that can be known about a character including thoughts, feelings, life and the universe, etc. ...
The right to privacy is a purported human right and an element of various legal traditions which may restrain both government and private party action. ...
Totalitarianism is a term employed by some political scientists, especially those in the field of comparative politics, to describe modern regimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. ...
The Transparent Society (1998, ISBN 0-7382-0144-8, ISBN 020132802X) is a non-fiction book by the science-fiction author David Brin in which he forecasts the erosion of privacy, as it is overtaken by low-cost surveillance, communication and database technology. ...
Glen David Brin, Ph. ...
The Traveler is a 2005 novel by John Twelve Hawks, which impressed some critics and became an international bestseller, in part due to the reclusive behavior of its author. ...
John Twelve Hawks is the mysterious author of the 2005 dystopian novel entitled The Traveler and the 2007 novel, The Dark River. ...
Closed-circuit cameras are often used to discourage crime Closed-circuit television (CCTV), as a collection surveillance cameras doing video surveillance, is the use of television cameras for surveillance. ...
Panopticon is Isis sixth solo release and third full length. ...
Isis is a Los Angeles, California-based band, founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1997. ...
Total institution as defined by Erving Goffman, is an institution where all the aspects of life of individuals under the institution is controlled and regulated by the authorities of the organization. ...
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